Chimiro chemuti: mufananidzo. Zviratidzo zvekunze kwemuti wemuti

Miti yakaoma zvipenyu izvo zvinoshandisa simba rezuva, zvinodzivisa nzira yekudziya kwepasi uye kubatsira kuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvisikwa. Chimiro chemukati chemuti chinosanganisira zvikamu zvakadai semashizha, maruva nemichero, trunk, matavi nemidzi.

Zviratidzo zvekunze kwemuti wemuti: korona

Korona, inoumba mashizha nemapazi kumusoro kwemuti, inotora basa rinokosha pakutsvaga guruva uye zvimwe zvikamu kubva mumhepo. Inobatsirawo kuponhora mhepo, kupa mumvuri uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemvura inonaya pasi. Mashizha acho anokonzerwa nekudyisa muti wose.

Izvo zvine chlorophyll, iyo inokurudzira photosynthesis uye inoipisa muhuzha. Mashizha anoshandisa simba rezuva kuti richinje carbon dioxide nemvura kubva mumhepo kusvika mune glucose uye oksijeni. Shuga, iyo ndiyo zvokudya zvemiti, inoshandiswa kana kuchengetwa mumatavi, trunk nemidzi. Oxygen inosunungurwa mumhepo. Korona yemiti inouya nenzira dzakasiyana uye hukuru.

Bharrel uye matavi

Iyo troni namatavi, pamwe chete nechokufukidzira che cortex yavo, ine mhando zhinji dzemasero anoita mabasa mazhinji akasiyana. Vamwe vanoshumira kupa simba uye kugadzikana, vamwe vari kutakura kutakura mvura, vamwe vane basa rekuchengetedza starch nemamwe mishonga.

Bark

Chimiro chemuti chinosanganisira chinhu chakakosha sechinhu ichi. Inosanganisira zvikamu zviviri:

1. Iko mukati memukati (bast) inobatanidzwa muhupenyu hwemuti. Masero ayo anenge ari marara anoumba rudzi rwemvura inoputira iyo michina inoparara mumvura inopararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuti kubva kumashizha uye mapfundo apo kwavezve kubudiswa ne photosynthesis.
2. Iko kunze kwekunze kunowanzoita masero akafa. Iyo yakafukidzwa nemaputswe. Uyu ndiwo rudzi rwekudzivirira shell pamusoro pezvipembenene, mhuka, kutonhora, kupisa uye zvimwe zvekunze.

Muti Kukura

Chimiro chemuti chinoreva kuvapo kwezvikamu zvitatu zvekunakidza, ndiko kuti, masero anogona kuparadzanisa nekuwanda. Mamwe acho aripo pamidzi uye mazaya pamagariro emapazi, anobvumira muti kukura murefu. Nzvimbo yechitatu iri pakati pemakwenzi nemuti, inonzi vascular cambium. Masero ake akaparadzaniswa mukati nekunze, ndiko kuti, mumativi ose. Nokudaro, mukati maive atovapo, mutsva wepakati mukati me cortex inoumbwa. Cambium ndeimwe yemamiriro ezvinhu anonyanya kukosha ekukura kwemiti, kupora kwavo mukushungurudzika nekuchengetedzwa pakuora.

Root system

Anatomical zvinhu zvekunze kwemuti wemuti zvinosanganisira kusavapo kwemukati mukati mehutsika, huwandu hwakawanda hweprisyma, kana izvo zvinonzi maitiro ehupenyu. Midzi inewo nhamba shomanana yemagetsi uye nhamba shomanana yezvindori zvekukura pane iri mumata uye matavi. Chimiro chevhu chemuti (iyo midzi) ine basa rinokosha rinokosha. Midzi yakashandurwa kugadzirisa nekuchengetedza mvura nemaminera mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka. Zvinodawo oksijeni yakawanda, iyo yavanotora kubva panzvimbo duku pakati pevhu.

Imwe basa rinokosha remidzi ndiyo kuchengetedza muti uri munzvimbo yakarurama. Miti yose ine midzi yakasvibiswa, iyo inoshandiswa kuva zviduku uye, sekutonga, inowedzera mundiro yakanyanyisa. Mimwe miti ine midzi miviri, inosvika mamita 7. Mudzi mumwe nomumwe unofukidzwa nezviuru zvevhu, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore nyore kunwa mvura uye zvigadziriswa zvicherwa kubva muvhu. Yakawanda yemidzi yakadzika iri munzvimbo yakakwirira yevhu.

Core

Munguva yekukura, yekare xylem masero ari pakati peti miti inova isina kushanda uye isina simba, uye pakupedzisira anofa, achigadzira zvindori zvakazara neglucose, madhesi namafuta, saka iyo inowanzosviba kupfuura iyo yose yedu. Basa rayo guru nderokutsigira muti. Xylem inoumbwa nehutanda huni, iyo iyo mvura nemuviri zvinotakurwa kubva pamidzi kusvika kumashizha uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemuti. Cambium ine tsvina yakawanda yemaviri, iyo iyo yekukura inoumba masero matsva anova xylem kana phloem. Mune mamwe mazwi, izvi ndizvo zvinowedzera mutanda uye matavi akaenzana.

Zvikamu zvehuni zvevana

Chimiro chemuti wevana chinotsanangurwa zvakanakisisa nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaratidzwa. Kubatsira vana vane rumwe rudzi rwezvirimwa zvinogona kubatsira zvakasiyana-siyana mifananidzo, mavara, mufananidzo. Iwe unogona kushandisa manyorerwo mabasa, maitiro ekunyora mifananidzo, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Chinhu chikuru hachisi chokudarika uye kuwedzeredza mwana wacho nemashoko asingakoshi. Kutanga zviri nani nemufananidzo mumwe, zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera uye kuomesa mamwe mifananidzo, yakazara. Kusimbisa iyo yakadzidza inokosha mune imwe nzira inofadza, kushandura zvipfeko, mitambo uye kufadza nyaya. Paunotsanangurira vana chimiro chemuti, chirongwa uye tsanangudzo zvinofanira kunge zvakajeka uye zvakananga sezvazvinogona. Somuenzaniso, mudzi ndiwo chikamu chemuti chinoramba chiri pasi pevhu. Iyo truru inotsigira korona uye matavi ayo mashizha anokura. Iyo bhakete inodzivirira muti kubva pakupisa, kutonhora, kurasikirwa kwehutu uye kukanganisa nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Miti inokosha chikamu chenyika yedu. Vanopa huni dzekuvaka uye mapurisa ekugadzira mapepa. Vanopa nzvimbo yemhando dzose dzezvipembenene, shiri nedzimwe mhuka. Mhando dzakawanda dzezvibereko nemaruva zvinokura pamiti, kusanganisira maapuro, machero, walnuts, pears uye peaches. Kunyange muto wemiti unobatsira uye unoshanda sechikafu chezvipembenene kwete kwete chete. Miti inobatsirawo kuchengetedza mhepo yakachena, uye zvisikwa zvipenyu zvine utano. Isu tinokonzera oksijeni uye tinofema carbon dioxide. Miti inobata carbon dioxide uye inosunungura oxygen. Kungobatana kwakakwana! Chimiro chemuti (iyo mufananidzo inowanikwa munyaya yacho) inosanganisira imwe nhamba yezvikamu zvezvikamu, imwe neimwe inobatanidzwa basa rinokosha mumabasa anokosha emuti wose.