Chii chinonzi hedge fund? Zvazvinoitika pamari yepasi rose

Mari yeHedge yave ichizivikanwa kwemakore anoda kusvika makumi manomwe. Mumisika yepamusha, vakazoona zvakawanda gare gare, saka vashoma vasara vanogona kugadzirisa mubvunzo mubvunzo mubvunzo: "Chii chinonzi hedge fund?". Zvisizvo zvebasa ravo uye mukana wekuwana mari nekubatsirwa kwemari iyi ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

American hedge funds: nhoroondo

Yaiva yeAmerica uyo ndiye akatanga kugadzira hedge fund. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1949. Zvisinei, kune mitsara yekuti kunyange munguva yekutambudzika kukuru kwaiva nezvinhu zvaidiwa pakugadzirisa zvirongwa zvakadaro. Kunyange zvakadaro, mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma pamusika akadzivirira kukura kweiyo nzira.

Mari yeHedge inokosha zvikuru pakuita bhizinesi. Kusanangurwa kwavo kukuru kwakaitika mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi maviri ezana remakore rechi20. Chii icho hedge fund yakadzidziswa nevakawanda vagari venyika.

Sangano reUnited States panyaya iyi ndeyokuti hazvibviri kuti munhu wese aise mari. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nevarimi vemari vanochengeta zvinhu zvinodarika mazana emamiriyoni emadhora.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinozivikanwa ndezvekuti ruzivo rwakakosha ruzivo runokubvumira kuti uwane purogiramu kwete chete apo misika iri kukura, asiwo kana inowira.

Soros, somuenzaniso, mari yakawanda yeheji yeUnited States. Zvechokwadi, mabasa ekambani yake "Quantum" yakaunza pfuma yakawanda yemadhora mabhiriyoni, achigumbusa pasi pound sterling.

Munyika yedu, mari yehuta yakabvumirwa mumutemo muna 2008 chete. Anenge makore gumi apfuura uye zvino pane makumi maviri chete chete - ichi chidiki.

Chii chinonzi hedge fund uye kuti ungasimamo sei?

Pamwoyo wehenge mari ndeye mirairo shoma shoma:

• Inoshanda chero ipi zvayo pamusika;
• Ita nezvose zvakachengetedzwa uye zvigadzirwa.

Icho chiitiko chebasa hachigadziri basa raro mune chero humwe hutsika, zvigadzirwa zvayo zvinoumbwa kubva kumitambo yese yekushandura uye mari yezvigadzirwa. Pamusana pekuwanika, mutyairi haatenderi pamusika. Pano mutemo weklasi yemari haishandisi: ndiko kuti, kana mutengesi uchinge wapera, zvikamu zvingasaderera.

Nenzira iyi, hedge mari ine zvigadziri zvakakwana zvekuwana pane kugoverwa zvinyorwa. Zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvavakatsigira nezvinobva.

Nokudaro, kubvongodza inzira yekuchengetedza njodzi apo chimwe chiridzwa chinopesana zvisina kunaka pamusika chinogona kutungamirirwa nechimwe chiridzwa chekubatsira.

Semuenzaniso, kana chikwereti chemadhora chakatorwa, zvinonyanya kubatsira mutengi kusimbisa ruble kana mari yake iri ruble. Asi kana dhora racho richikanganiswa nedzimwe ruzivo rwekutanga, uyo akwereta anenge ari kurasikirwa. Makambani Makuru, kusiyana nemutengi wekutengesa, haagoni kuregerera mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, nekukomba kunoshandiswa, somuenzaniso, nekutsvaga ramangwana rekushandiswa kwemari pamutengo wakafanana.

Pano, kuvharidzira kunoita senzira yekudzivirira kuchengetedza kurasikirwa, asi haikwanise kubvisa zvachose njodzi dzose.

Nzira yekuwana mari sei?

Runako rwehuta mari ndeyekuti inobatsira mune chero mamiriro emusika. Sangano rinozivikanwa reSeros rakagamuchira madhora mabhiriyoni emakore. Munguva yematambudziko akabuda, hedge mari yakabvisa kamu cream kubhadhara kusvika 15% pagore. Vamwe vakagamuchira zvose zve500% uye 1000% kwemakore gumi.

Zvose izvi mari dzaitungamirirwa nemutemo wekutenga zvidzidzo zvisingatarisirwi uye kutengesa zvakanyanya.

Pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwemashoko asina kuchengetedzwa, rekodhi rekudhura mari yakaderera inhu, iyo inofungidzirwa kuti zvinhu izvi zvine unhu humwe. Saka, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vachawana nzvimbo dzavo dzekukura. Uine huwandu hwepamusoro-pose-kose nenzira.

Iyi sarudzo ndeyepakutanga, nokuti chaizvoizvo pane zvakawanda zvezviitiko zvakadaro. Ihwo hunhu hunoti, somuenzaniso, guru rehedge fund Extranet Investment rinenge risingashandisi nemari yaro. Kazhinji, masangano akadaro anoshandisa chikwereti, kukohwa zvinhu zvinokosha kubva kune vatengesi.

Maitiro

Chii chinonzi hedge fund? Mukutaura kwechimiro chayo? Kugadzira chikwereti chakadaro, kambani inotarisira inokwezva vashandi, vatengi uye mabhenji. Vashandi vekambani iyi vanoshanda nekutenga uye kutengeswa kwezvivimbiso.

Basa remari iyi rinotanga nekufarira kwevatengesi. Musoro wavo unotarisirwa nehomwe. Bhengi re guarantor inochengetedza zvinhu zvevatengesi mumagariro akasiyana. Sezvo mutemo, aya mabhanga makuru ane mukurumbira wakanaka.

Hedge fund inotarisirwa nemutevedzeri, uyo ariwo mutori wenhau anoongorora zvinhu, dhipatimendi rinotungamirira kubhuku rinobatanidza mitsva yevatengesi.

Mukuru wekwereti anoita zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti anofanira kunge ane kodzero yekuita basa. Kazhinji, mabhanga makuru anoshumira sevanonyanya vatengesi.

Mhando dzehedge mari yekuchinja hupfumi hwepasi rese

Kune zvizhinji zvekugadzirisa kweheji mari, semuenzaniso, IMF inopa:

• Global - inofambisa mabasa avo mumisika yemarudzi ose, nzira dzokuvaka, kudzidza zvinyorwa zvemamwe masangano.
• Macro-mari inosarudza kuitisa bhizinesi mukati megadziriro yeimwe nyika. Kubva pane macroeconomic mamiriro ezvinhu, vanovaka urongwa hwekuita mumusika.
• Kudanana kunokosha mari inoshandiswa mumunda wemusika wepasi rose. Aya ndiwo mahedheni akachengeterwa mahedheni, zvichienderana nemitemo yehukama hwematengo easset.

Mutemo weRussia unotsanangura mahedheni ehurumende semari yekutsvaga mari. Vashandi vanofanira kuva varairidzi vane zvikwereti zvakakwirira, vane mavheti anokwana mamiriyoni matatu rubles. Kwegore, varairidzi vakadaro vanofanira kuita zvisungo zvitanhatu zvinokwana 300,000 rubles.

Nzira yekuve nhengo yei?

Kushanda mubhadhaji yehadzi yebhizinisi haisi nyore. Uye vatengesi havana chivimbo mumutauro weRussia.

Somuenzaniso, unogona kuedza hedge fund Extranet, inomiririra boka remakambani kubva kuBritish Virgin Islands. Ichi chitubu chine ruzivo rwakawanda mumusika. Icho chinangwa chakataurirwa chekambani iyi kuwedzera kwehupfumi hwevanhu.

Hedge fund, iyo mahofisi ake aripo pakarepo mushure mekunyora, yakangopinda mumusika weCIS. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, hutano hwemasangano hwakakosheswa nevashandi veAmerica neEurope.

Kana iwe uchida kuisa mari muimba yehendge fund, iwe unofanira kuzarura kambani nebhengi rekunze. Mumwe mubhadhari anofanira kunge ane chiyero chemamiriyoni emadhora.

Kunewo dzimwe nzira dzinogadziriswa. Semuenzaniso, nekubatsirwa kwevashandi vemumhuri, unogona kutenga chikamu mune imwe mari yekunze. Kunyange zvakadaro, chirongwa ichi chinotyisa hachina maturo nekuda kwehurombo hwakachengeteka hwemugoveri uye kuoma kwekuongorora sangano.