Panguva Moscow Kremlin, zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti wose anoda Russia yakavakwa. Nekuti haazi chete mwoyo Russia, mweya guru uye pakukura nyika nenyika, asi mumwe chete zvivako yakaisvonaka kwazvo munyika.
Dangwe ugari
Zvakafukunurwa dzakaratidza kuti misha iri munharaunda Kremlin aivapo makore 5000 akapfuura, uye muna VI remakore BC ipapo vaitogara madzinza necheSalvic. Pakati Moscow pachayo zvakasara yokugara akawanikwa chokuita Dyakovo tsika.
Dyakovo nhare kazhinji akaisa pamusoro capes nzizi. Munguva dzekare, pamusana zvivanakire uye kuchengeteka wokutanga County akagadzirisa zvikomo pamahombekombe erwizi. Kudiwa mumuromo, saka kuti mvura kugarwa kudzivirirwa kubva kumativi maviri. Gang akashanda nokutaura nevavakidzani uye kubvumira kumwezve zvokutengeserana, uye zvikomo havana kuwanikwa kuti muvengi uye kubvumirwa kundorondedzera imwe nzvimbo yakakura.
Kuberekwa Moscow
Zvino wakati akavaka Moscow Kremlin, Borovitsky chikomo, vakakomba pamusoro mativi ose Moscow River uye Neglinnaya inoyerera mariri, uye nzvimbo pamusoro yokugara, dzikava chinhu haripindiki nhare. Kwe Kremlin rokutanga rinoreva 1147. Paiva kunyange namasvingo akavaka mumuti. Vaiva nemakore 9 chete akazotevera - muna 1156. Moyo Moscow anotanga kutaurwa maererano kukokwa Yuri Dolgoruky ari richangobva chakavakwa horomina nomutsigiri wake Svyatoslava Olgovicha, Novgorod-Seversky Prince. Asvike yemberi hama (nemuzukuru wavo uye mwanakomana - yakakurumbira Igor uye Yaroslavna - akaroorwa) kuti mutambo uye anonzi musi hwaro Moscow. Iyi ndiyo nguva apo Moscow Kremlin yakavakwa chaizvo.
muvaki huru
Mushure erection pakati pamasvingo Kremlin anova yakapoteredza misha uye pedyo muzinda. Pano, vagari nemisha izvi akawana utiziro panguva nechisimba kuvavengi. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvakawedzera kukosha nhare ichi, uye nzvimbo kuwedzerwa. Zvino, kana mwanakomana Aleksandra Nevskogo, Prince Danilo Alexandrovich (1261-1303), muvambi Moscow machinda, guta akakura vakapoteredza Kremlin, yakava guta guru duku weutungamiriri kuMoscow.
Panguva iyoyo, apo yakanga akavaka Moscow Kremlin, Yuri Dolgoruky akavamba Pereslavl-Zaleski uye Yuriev-Polish. Muchinda uyu, upenyu hwake hwose hunodzorwa Rostov-Suzdal kweutongi, akafirapo, dzave dzichishingaira pakati mumaguta kukura. Kuwedzera kune maguta aya yaakasimbisa Dubna, Kostroma, Dmitrov, nemafashamo paivakwa ari Uglich Reservoir musha Senyatino, uye, maererano imwe ngano, Gorodets. Mukuwedzera, vakanga vavaka nhare zhinji uye akavakirirwa. Saka, apo akanga avaka Moscow Kremlin (gore 1147), vakaisa nezvimwe zvine urongwa pfungwa. Uye hapana chinoratidza kuti kuchawedzera kubva guru iri Nhare kupfuura mamiriro munyika.
Future guta kuvandudza
Uye Moscow ndiko kuvaka uye richikura. Prince Ivan Kalyta (1283-1341) kutanga anovaka belokamennye machechi. Uye muna 1340 mumadziro yematanda okuberekwa inotsiviwa simba momuoki. Uye muzukuru wake Dmitry Donskoy (1350-1389), mwanakomana Moscow Prince Ivan II Red, unotsiva pamuouki pamusoro chena ibwe pamadziro. Ichi chaiva chikonzero kudana Moscow "ibwe jena". Zviri akanaka pamufananidzo kwakaratidzwa Vasiliya Vereschagina, akanyorwa muna 1879, vanoda "View of Moscow Kremlin kubva Stone Bridge". Guta guru Russia, guta rine zvinonakidza kare chinhu chinokonzera kufarirwa. guta Chero zvikuru munyika rudo uye kuremekedza vemo. Asi Moscow nokuti vanhu Russian zvakawanda. Uye zviri zvikuru takasikwa tichida kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro chidzoke muguta, apo zvakatanga sei uye rini akanga avaka Moscow Kremlin, gore parinowanika uye chii Prince ndokumisa chishamiso.
Yokutanga mabhuku panotaurwa
Mumwe dzokutanga kurondedzerwa kwakabva guru guta riri munyaya "The Legend kupondwa Daniila Suzdalskogo uye pakutanga Moscow." "Hypation Chronicle" ndiyo yokutanga kwakavimbika kuti rinotaura Moscow ritenderane - nzvimbo mabiko makuru rukudzo Rokusangana shamwari uye vatsigiri Rostov-Suzdal uye machinda Novgorod-Seversky. On nyaya Moscow Kremlin, pane vakawanda mhinduro yakavakwa chii gore. Unogona tsanangurai musi chaiwo, maererano nako Kremlin yakatanga kutaurwa - zuva 'chitsitsinho nokurumbidzwa Mwari ", kureva, musi Mugovera, April 4, 1147. Uye zvinokwanisika kwenguva refu kutaura sei kuvaka Kremlin kwemazana emakore. Zvinoita kufungidzira zvakaoma pasina Cathedral of Dormition, kana kuti Big Kremlin Palace?
The Kremlin yakavakwa uye vakavakazve
Mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti, mugore zvakanga akavaka Moscow Kremlin, kuchaenderana zvachose chii chinorehwa nezita iri - yazvino ngwena, yakagara President of Russian Federation, kana duku yemapuranga chimiro, izvo zvose zvakatanga. mapeji kukwana kungokonzera nyora dzose nemawadhi, machechi, zvivako, dzinoungana, mapindu uye zvivako mikuru socio-enyika, nhoroondo uye unyanzvi kunzwisisa muRussia, ndokwenguva nzvimbo 27.5 hectares. Kremlin ndima afanane ane mugari Triangle.
Mumwe zvishongo of Kremlin
Special mashoko akakodzera okuti Cathedral of Moscow Kremlin. It yakavakwa 1479. Nhoroondo pakutanga kwayo zvisikwa chokuita 1326. The Great Moscow Prince Ivan Kalita, pamwe chete Saint Petro akaisa gore rino wokutanga ibwe Cathedral muMoscow. Pervoprestolny guta (kureva, kwakadaro chinzvimbo aiva Moscow) vaifanira kuva kereke chikuru Holy Russia. Kuti St. Peter ane basa rakakura chokuti Moscow anova throned. Naizvozvo, pashure pokufa wokutanga Metropolitan of Moscow iye akavigwa konekwa chikuru Cathedral weRussia. simba uye mazita ake mifananidzo "Mhandara Peter", yepakutanga iyo yakaitwa nomuapostora Petro, mumwe reRussia chikuru dzinoyera. The Cathedral rakavakwazve. Izvi zvakaitika panguva yokutonga pasi unifier enyika Russian pasi pokutonga Moscow, Grand Prince Ivan III. Naye Kremlin yakatanga pamwero mukuru pakuvaka - nezvivakwa vose yakavakwazve ibwe. Panyaya iyi, ndokupindura mubvunzo kana akavaka anganzi Moscow Kremlin, yakasiyana zvachose gore - 1485. In gumi (1485-1495) dzakavakwa nemamwe shongwe, zvinova pakuva kunzwisisa kukuru.
Inokosha pfuma yenyika mapurani
Sezvaratidzwa pamusoro apa, Dmitry Donskoy yakavakwazve ibwe chokutanga yematanda Detinets (atumidzwa kunyange Russia iri Kremlin). Chaizvoizvo, akavaka ibwe idzva "kremnik" uye gore kupera, 1367, zvakare, unogona kunzi musi apo Moscow Kremlin yakavakwa. Gare gare, munguva yokutonga Ivana Groznogo, uyo akava Russian chamber yokutanga (musoro akatora ari kubvuma Cathedral), zvakaoma pacharo riri kuchipedzisa nokukurumidza.
A kushongedzwa of Cathedral Square - Bell Tower "Ivan Veliky", pasina iro zvakaoma kufungidzira Kremlin, sezvo zvakanga kwemakore akawanda chirefu kupfuura chivako Moscow, zvose yakavakwa paitonga Boris Godunov. Zvisinei, kutanga Moscow Kremlin yakavakwa muna 1147 na Yuriya Dolgorukogo chirevo. Dzakavakirirwa cheguta ichiri kunzi "Chrome", iro zvikuru unoenderana remuti teremu, takapoteredzwa yemapuranga noruzhowa. Mumwe chete, kunozivikanwa uye chisingasvikiki, asi Kremlin ndiye pachake simba uye kusiyana Russia.