The nadzurudzo chitsva mumadhorobha utungamiriri, zvikonzero yechipiri kuchinja rakanzi.

Local Government kuchinja kuchaitwa Peter I, haana kusiyana dzose uye zvinobudirira. Rokuvakazve maguta uye zviremera zvomunzvimbo yakakanganiswa nevanhu kumachinda. On zvakanga anokonzerwa itsva kuchinja zvinhu mumadhorobha utungamiriri, izvo zvazvakashatira magetsi kunoparirwa aifanira kugadzirisa, tsanangura munyaya ino.

MARARAMIRO mumadhorobha nadzurudzo

Urban utariri kuchinja Peter 1 akatanga zvakanaka pamberi vakaronga nokubatanidzwazve nechepakati kwemiviri uye simba guru rehurumende. Huru zvikonzero kuchinja zvakanga itsva munzanga noukama munyika, kuwedzera nharaunda yayo uye pakunzi idzva mashandiro anemasimba simba, iyo emo utariri kumatunhu.

Urban kuchinja. Wokutanga kuedza

The kugadzirisa zviremera zvomunzvimbo yakanga zvinosiyana zvaidiwa nguva. Russia akaedza kupa munhu nzira yokubudisa kuGungwa reBaltic, zvinodiwa uto munyika akakura. Provincial uye vakwegura siyana hurumende Gidheoni vasingagoni kupa mabasa mabasa wokuunganidza mitero uye vanopinza ari munzvimbo vakakwanisa. The chinangwa chikuru chaiva weboka mabasa pakati zemstvoes vanamabharani uye anodzora kutanga reEurope dzomumaguta kuzvidzora zvinhu. Zvinhu izvi anotsanangura, chii chakanga anokonzerwa itsva kuchinja zvinhu matunhu neminisiparati hurumende uye sei kunge yoku- ichishanda masimba. Nokuti ichi mumadhorobha kuchinja yokutanga kwakatangwa muna 1699.

Nokufamba mumadhorobha utariri kuchinja kwaiva kuedza kuvandudza guta wokuRussia pamusoro European womuenzaniso, kuvapa chete kodzero kuti akatora inoti Western European uye yevakuru guta. guta Russian dzakabuda kuzviisa pasi enyika, uye kutarisirwa akapa Burmistrov, dzakanga vakatsunga kuburikidza sarudzo. In guru, akazviratidza burmistrskaya Chamber duku-guta bailiffs pamberi iyo yakashuma pamusoro mamiriro ose aunganidzwa kwemitero, mhosva uye mari. Mune mamwe maguta, chidhiraivho zvaitambidzwa Zemsky nerogi mumatumba, izvo kwakaitawo Vasanangurwa bailiffs.

Zvazvakashatira wokutanga zvinhu

On zvakanga anokonzerwa itsva kuchinja zvinhu mumaguta Hurumende inogona kutongwa maererano Zvinogumbura migumisiro yokutanga kushanduka. Richangobva kuumbwa maitiro akanga asiri yakajeka uye insufficiently inobudirira. The kusabatana yeko haabvumirwi kuvaka ngetani pachena kuzviisa pasi. Vaisanganisa ne dzakasiyana-siyana zviduku kuvhiringidzika miviri. Saka bureaucratic simba Peter I vakawedzera zvokuwedzera kirasi establishments. Uyezve, pamwe nehurumende, kuita uye uto Kutarisirwa, riri basa pasipoti kudzora uye muunganidzwa yokuvhota, saka rinogadzirwa makaseti vamwe mashandiro anoita kuhurumende.

The nadzurudzo itsva mumadhorobha Hurumende wakanzi? Pachishandiswa zvataurwa, zvinokwanisika kuti vaunze zvikonzero zvinoverengeka:

• zvakadaro kushayiwa yakaoma mira simba;
• simba vagadze Mamaneja mumunda achingopiwa akasarudza miviri;
• ane kunyanyisa uwandu zvokuwedzera mahofisi (bailiffs, vatongi, vamiririri misangano dzekirasi) kudziviswa basa hurumende yeko.

The Urban nadzurudzo wechipiri

Muna 1720, muguta guru mutsva Russian hwacho akasikwa Chief wedzimhosva, uyo akateerera zvose akasanangurwa matunhu neminisiparati vehurumende.

Muna 1721 rakazoshandiswa mitemo iyo mitemo itsva mumadhorobha mano akaratidzwa. City yakakamurwa nokuwanda vanogara munyika shanu makirasi makuru. Vagari yakakamurwa mu "zvisiri pamutemo" uye "nguva dzose" vagari. Pakati vagari "zvisiri pamutemo" dzaiwanzova vamiririri varombo zvikamu vemo. Wealthy "dzose" vagari vaimbova neropafadzo vakanga vasara.

Pasinei kuvimbika zviremera mupfumi vagari, itsva hurumende hurongwa haana vaudzewo kubudirira basa richiri hunodzorwa vanachandagwinyira, nemauto-bureaucratic nzira matambudziko, kunze kuwedzera centralization haana kubvumira kusarudzwa miviri kutevera mutemo pasi.