The bhajeti kupatsanura pakati havashandisi mari yakawanda

The bhajeti the Russian Federation - kunzwisisa akagadzirwa zvakasiyana zvinhu mari uye mari. Kubudirira kwayo kuurayiwa kunoda ruzivo kupatsanura pakati kwemari zvinyorwa uye mutengo kuitika zviri pachena mari hurongwa. The specificity zvematongerwo enyika muna Russia kunosanganisira paumbwe imwe muronga inogona kuenderera kwemari muenzaniso usanganidzo uye zvekushandisa bhajeti kuti akasiyana mhando. Ita zviremera Russian iyi upfumi?

General ruzivo pamusoro bhajeti kupatsanura

Zvechokwadi, hungu. Zvikasadaro, kushanda National upfumi zvaisazobvira. Kupatsanura pakati zvekushandisa, mari, uye dzimwe parameters ari bhajeti nechemberi wehurumende upfumi kuronga. mashandiro Izvi zvinosanganisira kuchengeta, systematization uye kuongorora mashoko kwakabatana kuurayiwa midziyo ehurumende bhajeti. Pahwaro mashoko uku kunogona kuitwa kunyatsoongorora kubudirira ehurumende Mutemo kuti murayiridzo, uyewo kuona zvichiita zvigadziriswe vayo Optimization.

batana mitemo

Paumbwe mukuru misimboti kupatsanura pakati bhajeti kwemari uye zvekushandisa muRussia yakavakirwa pamusoro yeUnited chechetere kubudikidza chinyorwa kuMudzidzisi pamutemo mabasa, uye gare gare kugoverwa kumatunhu uye makanzuru. Chokwadi kuti pave nemitemo uye dzemunharaunda, kuburikidza izvo kupatsanura zvinhu zviri kwemari uye mari yacho hurumende bhajeti kune zvakasiyana Mapato, zviri chinozoiswa panguva yeUnited pamwero - chinhu chinokosha pamusoro kutsiga National upfumi muzvinhu zvizhinji zvematongerwo enyika.

The bhajeti kupatsanura pakati havashandisi mari yakawanda uye zveminda kunosanganisira muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano kuMudzidzisi nyaya ukuru Kufanana pakati mari uye gwara zvinopa mari mari muhomwe uye vaiita tiine chinangwa pavanoteka mano zvemari, uye mukufamba kuuraya dzavo. Chinokosha basa iri mamiriro iyi - inonzi comparability zvimwe zviratidzo zviri zvemari akasiyana siyana - yeUnited, kwematunhu uye matunhu neminisiparati.

The nemamiriro budgetary kupatsanura pakati Russian Federation

Pahwaro chii dzemitemo chinozoiswa bhajeti kupatsanura pakati havashandisi mari muRussia? Chekutanga zvose zvakafanira govera 2 mashandiro chikuru nokuda kwayo Implementation.

• Chokutanga, ndiye kupatsanura mari. Kunosanganisira muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano kuti bhajeti zveminda zvachose kwevari correlative pamwe zvinotisimbisa kuti rokuumba naro, uye maererano zvatinopiwa vedare mutemo. Revenue Categories takatsunga maererano nenyaya kuti zvinobatana idzi kana kumwewo kuti kwemari nokuda chete noruzhinji. Izvi zvingava Somuenzaniso, tsika mabasa.
• Chechipiri, ndiye kupatsanura pakati bhajeti. Ichokwadi zvakare muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano kuti mari dzinounzwa kuna siyana kwevari paruzhinji mari hurongwa. Kupatsanura pakati zvekushandisa inoratidza nhungamiro mari inoyerera zvatichakurukura kuti kugadzirisa pfungwa matambudziko anotarisana neHurumende - kukura kwoupfumi uye kuvandudza zvakanaka vagari.

Budget kupatsanura mukati yechinangwa muenzaniso Russian kunosanganisira basa zveminda uye mari kuti chikamu, subsection, uye chipfuro nemidziyo ehurumende bhajeti, iyo inoratidza nhungamiro mari kuyerera kugadzirisa mhando chaiyo matambudziko anotarisana neHurumende uye zvinoda Implementation zvimwe zvinhu zvoupfumi.

Kupatsanura pakati mari uye zveminda zviri Russian Federation zvinogona kuitwa musi zveupfumi chikonzero. mashandiro Anosanganisira muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano nyaya dzakasiyana nemhaka yavo hupfumi kugutsikana. Kazhinji, zviri kutarisirwa kuti hurumende ichiisa anodawo uye guru mari. Uyewo, upfumi kupatsanura zveminda uye havashandisi mari rinoreva haizopereri kugadzirira inofungidzirwa kuti nomumwe masangano budgetary.

departmental kupatsanura

Chinonyanya kukosha chezvinonhuwira mari-nokugoverana gadziriro mukati yavose mari - basa madhipatimendi. Ndezvipi? Zvikurukuru pakuti zviremera pachavo vanogona kuona izvi kana zvimwe zvigadziriswe kwebasa rinofanira bhajeti kusaruraude mhando. Vaiita saka departmental kupatsanura wehurumende mari yokufambisa. Zviri muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano kuti mutengo zvinhu panguva ufanane bhajeti ezvinhu ari Russian Federation nyaya. The chikuru basa nezviremera dzinobatanidzwa munzvimbo iyi basa - kuti govera budgetary mari nokuda venhaka.

Departmental kupatsanura pakati zvekushandisa Ungangove anoshumira yakakodzera zvinhu yavaive mashandiro. Nzira vakafanana nevaya pamusoro apa isu - pabasa mari kune zvakasiyana zvikamu, subsections kana chipfuro nyaya (izvo, akavapindurawo, inogona mberi Classified kupinda Sub-zvinhu nevamwe urongwa zvemari zviremera nemasangano). Kana vakuru budgetary mari kumatunhu ari RF sandara uye nyaya dziri chete chinzvimbo, mubasa iri matunhu neminisiparati vanochiva dzavo mazita vanotenderwa ne varikutonga bazi kana zviremera gona emo.

Zvinorehwa kupatsanura

Kupatsanura mari uye Russian mamiriro bhajeti iri rinokosha. Kubudirira kwayo Implementation zvakananga kunokanganisa madzidziro kushanda mamiriro reRussia zvemari hurongwa. The chaizvo zviri pakati budgetary mutemo wenyika Russian Federation dzinongoita pakutsvaga peculiarities Vehurumende mamiriro, zvinoitwa munyika muenzaniso yeUnited maumbirwo nyika yedu.

Naizvozvo, zvinokosha kubva nemaonero kuramba kuvimbika uye kutsiga nevezvematongerwo enyika vane muronga muenzaniso kupatsanura uye yavaive zveminda uye mari bhajeti. Principles kwayo chivakwa kunofanira yakajeka uye wokuti masangano yeUnited zvisarudzo kiyi mumunda zvemari utariri uye nokuda kwematunhu uye matunhu neminisiparati masimba.

Tava amutsvaka kupatsanura, maererano nenyanzvi, zvavo, inovakwa mune zvakakwana musoro. Mari uye mari, akapa Russian bhajeti hurongwa, iyo inokosha zvikuru - saizvozvo zvese management ose paruzhinji mari. Ichi ndechokuti chaizvo kubatsira kufunga zvizere.

Kubatana bhajeti hurongwa

Saka, chinonyanya chinokosha, iyo inozivikanwa nokuda kupatsanura pakati bhajeti zveminda uye havashandisi mari yakawanda ari muenzaniso Russian - kubatana pedyo uye nzira dzekuziva nadzo classifying vave mumwe chikamu kana umwe yeUnited, kwematunhu uye nemakanzuru mumatunhu. Saka, mirayiro kiyi kudare iri mashandiro mvumo pachiyero pemasimba epamusoro. Kazhinji, kuMudzidzisi manyuko mutemo kutora chimiro yeUnited mutemo. Uyewo, padanho RF nyaya kana Municipality zvingava zvakakodzera kunyatsotevedzera pamutemo zvinodiwa kuburikidza racho romunharaunda kana dzemunharaunda mitemo. Chinhu chikuru ichi nyaya - hakupesani mukuru misimboti bhajeti kupatsanura yakatarwa panguva batana chechetere.

We Akaongorora anokosha yokungotaura nhungamiro pamusoro iyo vane simba Russian Federation akaita basa pakati zvekushandisa uye kwemari zvinhu mamiriro mari ichaita kuti akasiyana mhando. Taona kuti kune vakawanda dzinokosha nzira pakuvaka zano rakadaro, iyo yakavakirwa zveupfumi nzira, kana Somuenzaniso, nzira yaJehovha yaisanganisira mumadhipatimendi zvakananga. Ngatichikurukurai dzinoverengeka dzinoshanda pfungwa, tichiratidza nzira iyo akaita kupatsanura pakati pachena zvekushandisa uye kwemari. Ngationei kudzidza chaizvo Mapato kuti anoparadzirwa munyika Russian Federation zveminda uye mari mamiriro mari ichaita. Ngatitange nemari inowanikwa.

kupatsanura pakati kwemari

Kupatsanura pakati bhajeti zveminda runoratidzwa classifying zvinyorwa ayo kumapoka, subgroups uye yakananga nyaya.

Achitaura mutero mapoka kwemari zvinogona kupatsanurwa. Pakati chinokosha Sub-mapoka:

1. Mitero pamusoro nhumbi, mabasa, royalties nezvimwe mari. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

- VAT,

- excise mabasa pamusoro zvigadzirwa kana mbishi zvokuvakisa, izvo anobudiswa kuRussia kana yabva kumwe;

- yeUnited dzakapoteredza, uye nemakanzuru mhosva chokuita chikamu rezinesi;

- mutero pamusoro kutenga dzimwe mari uye muripo magwaro, varehwa achishandisa vatorwa mari;

- UTII.

2. Property mitero. Idzi dzinosanganisira mitero:

- pfuma akaitwa;

- pfuma vanhu;

- Real Estate;

- nhaka kana kuzozvidzorerwa.

3. Fees nekuda kushandisa zviwanikwa zvinowanikwa hurumende. Pakati avo:

- kubhadhara kushandisa chicherwa mari;

- kuunganidza pamusoro kubereka ari chicherwa upfumi hwaro;

- mamwe mutero kubva kugadzirwa Mahydrocarbon;

- mutero kodzero yokushandisa mvura zviwanikwa, vanovengwa fauna of;

- dondo, mvura, kwezvakatipoteredza, nyika mitero.

4. Fees nechokuita kuchinjanisa pakati Russian Federation uye dzimwe nyika, nezvavatorwa ezvoupfumi kwema. Pakati avo:

- tsika, ruzhinji mari uye mhosva;

- mipiro mari siyana, mamiriro-anazvo;

- mitero mukubhejera, pakushambadzira;

- mugwagwa uye zvifambiso mitero.

Other guru boka anopa bhajeti zveminda - non-mutero zveminda. In mamiriro avo, pane zvinotevera mapoka makuru:

1. Property mari iri zvinhu kuti muridzi neHurumende, makanzuru, kana yomuka kubva avo kana zvimwe zvokutengeserana. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

- mari kubva nezvokupindira pamusoro yesangano muridzi neHurumende kana makanzuru;

- mibayiro pamusoro kuchengetedzeka mamiriro mavambo;

- zveminda kubva anoreva nhema wehurumende pfuma;

- Percent ayo yaunganidzwa wezvamatongerwe pamahombekombe deposits yakafanira kune iripo mari, uyewo avo kuti vavapo nokuda zvikwereti nechomukati;

- zveminda, yakabuda somugumisiro urongwa mabasa kana muripo kuti mari ehurumende;

- batsiro CBR;

- kubhadhara kubva nehurumende kana yeko masangano;

- kuunganidzwa kwemari quotas kuti ukabata hove kuti vagari akaidza nemasangano vatorwa;

- dzimwe mari yesangano kuti muridzi neHurumende kana Municipality.

2. anowana kutengeswa zvinhu muridzi neHurumende kana omunharaunda simba. Izvi zvingava:

- rinobva privatization makambani vakanga muridzi nehurumende

- kwemari kunobva kutengeswa anogoverana kubudikidza vehurumende;

- kwemari, yakabuda somugumisiro kwema vane dzinogarwa Real Estate;

- rinobva kutengeswa okuwana kana zvisiri kugadzirwa zvinhu, zvekufambisa, mamwe midziyo;

- rinobva kutengeswa yokutorazve kana unowned pfuma, pfuma uye nezvimwe zvinhu, iyo yakava enzvimbo mamiriro kana Municipality.

- zveminda kubva kutengeswa hurumende pamatanda;

- rinobva kutengeswa munyika uye chisingaoneki zvinhu;

- mari isiri ehurumende vatambi muguta guru anotamisa pamanyorerwo;

- mari uye kupomera chokuita muchikwata yaiona;

- Zvirango, kubhadhara kukuvadza;

- kwemari kunobva vatorwa zveupfumi mabasa;

- dzimwe mari kwakakonzerwa asiri mutero muchikwata.

3. chisingapembedzwi pakutengeserana. Zvinyorwa zvavo vari:

- zvemari pamwero yakasiyana-siyana;

- mamiriro mari, sangano;

- supranational hurongwa.

The kupatsanura zvinoreva anogona zvaisanganisira, izvo chakasvitswa nokuvimbwa mari. Chaizvoizvo, kwakadai pakagadzwa kunogona kuvawo mari.

4. Revenue Trust Fund. Pakati avo:

- motokari, mari zvezvakatipoteredza;

- maumbirwo chokuita netsika mamiriro Russia mabasa;

- mari pakurwisa mhosva;

- maumbirwo, pasi chepasi of Federal Border Service, Bazi Atomic Energy;

- mari yacho kubereka vana chicherwa uye mbishi zvinhu chawo.

Ndivo Mapato anokosha umo reRussia bhajeti zveminda dzinoiswa. Sezvatakurukura takatsunga pamusoro, chaizvoizvo kwavo kuramba kubatana bhajeti hurongwa, dzakashandisa chaizvo ari enyika nemamiriro nyika. Asi hapana kukosha kwatiri ndechokuti kuva kudzidza misimboti hwaakange vehurumende patsanura sezvo bhajeti uye zvekushandisa.

kupatsanura pakati zvekushandisa

Saka, nzira dzekuziva nadzo allocating mubereko mari kune zvakasiyana Mapato, vakagamuchirwa kuRussia, hatina akaongororwa. Tichave zvino kudzidza chii chinoumba mashoko dzichipfekeka kupatsanura wokuRussia bhajeti. chikuru Mapoka Its vaiona chikamu. Dzinenge akasiyana navo zvikuru zvizhinji. Saka, mazuva kupatsanura pakati bhajeti havashandisi mari yakawanda muna Russia kunosanganisira yavaive inotevera mazita misoro:

- State matunhu neminisiparati Kutarisirwa;

- dzeutongi;

- basa munyika dzakawanda munhandare;

- hondo;

- Vezvemitemo;

- sainzi;

- indasitiri, simba uye kuvakwa Mazinga;

- mabasa mune zvokurima, Fisheries;

- kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza;

- the senga bhora;

- Kutaurirana, mashoko michina;

- pamusika kwezvivako;

- Housing;

- kudzivirira uye kubviswa migumisiro zvashata ezvinhu;

- dzidzo;

- Culture uye Art;

- Media;

- utano, dzidzo panyama;

- mumagariro vaifarira mitemo;

- kubhadhara iri zvimwewo zvikwereti ehurumende;

- inotungamirwa wehurumende reserves;

- budgetary dzinopiwa uye rutsigiro matanho;

- Optimization of Kuronga maoko, kusanganisira yechinangwa zvibvumirano dzakawanda;

- gadziriro dzemauto panyaya kuunganidza;

- the mari yokuvimbana mari;

- mamwe marudzi zvekushandisa.

Tichave zvino kudzidza chii upfumi kupatsanura pakati bhajeti havashandisi mari yakawanda. Sechikamu ayo hurumende ichiisa mari anotarisirwa kuti zvinotevera huru Categories:

1. Current zvekushandisa. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

- kuripwa mubereko pamusoro zvikwereti;

- map, kutamiswa;

- mari chokuita nzira kukudzwa kodzero kuti vaiva midziyo kunze.

2. Capital havashandisi mari yakawanda. Pakati avo:

- Investments mu wakaiswa zvinhu;

- paumbwe hurumende chengetedza;

- kutenga nyika uye chisingaoneki zvinhu;

- anotamisa pasi muchikwata che guru.

3. Urongwa zvikwereti bhajeti. Pakati mabasa runoenzanirana mhando:

- kupa Credits mukati ari bhajeti hurongwa ;

- zvikwereti kune dzimwe nyika;

- mutsividzo of kwezvikwereti.

Possible yavaive yakawedzerwa dzekuziva kuti mutengo mashoko. Economic kupatsanura pakati bhajeti havashandisi mari kungasanganisira tsanangudzo zvakawanda nyaya, izvo zvinogona kuitwa pachena mari.

Zvimwe zvinodiwa kuti kupatsanura mari uye mari

Somuenzaniso, dzimwe nguva ari oga muboka dzinounzwa anotamisa vagari. Ivo yakaderera mari zvinoreva kushandiswa mari pensions, makomborero, muripo, zvakanaka kubhadhara uye dzidzo - matanho iwayo ose mari kuti inopiwa yeUnited, mamiriro kana omunharaunda mitemo.

The bhajeti kupatsanura pakati bhajeti havashandisi mari kungasanganisira ari yavaive pachishandiswa magetsi Mapato uye zvikamu dzimwe nyaya, zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, panyaya dzinopiwa - mari kuti anopiwa neHurumende ari kunodiwa zvemaBhaibheri romunharaunda kana matunhu neminisiparati bhajeti, sangano kana mugari pamusoro mashoko mugove mari rubatso, ipapo ivo vangava Classified munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana Sub-zvinhu.

State mitemo zvebhizimisi

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti dzichipfekeka kupatsanura pakati havashandisi mari yakawanda, uyewo nzira dzakasiyana-siyana rakavapa zveminda kusvikira mumwe woga kana mumwe, kuti anoshandiswa nevanodavira vehurumende, ungava muchimiro kumbonyanya zvakafanana pfungwa vanowana kushanda mune zvebhizimisi. Izvi zvinokwanisika sei?

Chokwadi ndechokuti kupatsanura pakati mari uye mari yacho sangano kunogona kusanganisira basa zvikamu, subsections, pasi nyaya uye yokuwedzera mhando. Nzira inoshandiswa nezviremera uye mabhizimisi, mupfungwa iyi, unogona kuva akafanana chaizvo.

Somuenzaniso, kupatsanura zveminda uye mari angataura basa ravo, kana pamusoro pezvatinotaura wokutanga, kune imwe nharaunda mavambo, uye kana isu nezvazvo rechipiri - kune mumwe zvoupenyu mari basa (somuenzaniso, nani kugadzira nechigadziko, kuvandudza kwezvivako kukwezva mudonzvo itsva, kuvakwa itsva zvinhu, uye zvichingodaro. d.). Uyewo, mukati neimwe munzvimbo dzakasarudzwa kuti basa emakambani mari zvichabviswa kutaurwa.

The zvakafanana. nhungamiro, pamusoro izvo yokuronga patsva ehurumende kuronga mari uye kupatsanura pakati mari dzesangano, uyewo kwemari, kungaratidzwa kwete chete allocating zveminda uye mari yacho boka kusvika dzakasiyana nyaya (uyewo zvakaita mamiriro bhajeti), asi kuvaka misimboti yemakambani ukama pakati nemasangano Somuenzaniso, ikashandiswa kuva kunhaka. Chii chinogona kutaurwa?

Wakabata muchiitiko ichi kunogona sechibereko analogue pamusoro batana bhajeti. Makambani hunoumba ayo mamiriro - "romunharaunda" zvemari gadziriro. Subsidiaries uye Affiliates - "makanzuru" zvemari. Nokudaro, kupatsanura pakati mari kungasanganisira Somuenzaniso, ari kwebasa rinofanira kutengeserana mamiriro, akafanana dzinopiwa uye kutamiswa, kuti nechinangwa kupa rubatsiro rwemari kuti kunhaka mamiriro, izvo kwake chaiyo inoda.

dzimwe nguva Commercial basa kunogona chaizvo zvakafanana avo kana dzimwe mhando vehurumende. Somuenzaniso, panyaya zvikwereti uye Credits - kupatsanura pakati mari yacho zvebhizimisi kunogona kusanganisira nechekuita mukugarisana kwavo ari oga muboka, sezvo hurumende kuzviita, achiumba bhajeti.

Saka, mari mutemo wehurumende nemabhizimisi inogona kuoneka zviratidzo pazvakafanana. Kupatsanura pakati mari zvavakanga vachida kuita, mari, uyewo yokuronga patsva chete zveminda uye mari ehurumende bhajeti sezvo chikamu chimwe kana mumwe chikamu, mune zvimwe zviitiko, chichaitwa aaisitaura nenheyo.