Greek Acropolis. Chii Acropolis, apo sokunge (mufananidzo)

MuGreece, pane yakawanda mapurani vanovengwa kumusoro munhoroondo ukoshi. Mumwe wavo - the Acropolis muAtene. Acropolis - chii? Rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki Acropolis rinoreva "guta mukuru". Izvi reraimu rwenze pamusoro guta (80 mamita mukuru) pamwe kumawere kumativi ose kunze kumadokero. Munguva dzekare, chikuru basa mamiriro aya aifanira kudzivirira pamusoro nechisimba.

Dangwe ugari

The yekare Acropolis muAtene, inotaurwa refu asati dzekare yenhoroondo. Somugumisiro ari kupikidura yetsika nhaka zvinhu yakawanikwa kuti vachiwirirana nemakore yendarira Age (kunyanya mangwanani uye pakati). The VII-VI CC. BC. e. Temberi dzakavakwa, asi pashure akaparadza nokuda nevaPezhiya.

Maererano nengano, chiGiriki Acropolis akavamba vomuAtene mambo Cecrops. Kukwidziridzwa pakati rine zita, zvinobva zita rake - "Kekrop» (cecropia).

zvinoreva mashoko

"The Parthenon, ari Propylaea, Acropolis" - chii dzinomirira izvi pfungwa, uye chii chiri matangiro mashoko aya?

• Parthenon - temberi huru echiGiriki Acropolis, yakatsaurirwa kuna mwarikadzi Athena. Kubva Greek "parthenos" rinoshandurwa se "mhandara." Athena aipfeka remadunhu-.
• Shoko "Propylaea" - rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki propylaion. Izvi Arch chikuru pamusuo kuti Acropolis muAthens. It ane mbiri nhanho dzakasiyana Doric yakaiswa denga.
• Shoko "Acropolis" muchiGiriki rinoreva kuti "Acro" - pechikomo, "polis" - guta. Iwoyo dzakavakirirwa chikamu rechiGiriki guta, riri pamusoro pechikomo.
• Erechtheion - temberi yakatsaurirwa kuna Athena uye Poseidon. Ane asymmetrical sezvamunoita iri dzakasiyana siyana.
• Gekatompedon - kupfuura yekare temberi yaJehovha Acropolis, izvo zvakatsaurirwa kuna Athena.

The Acropolis uye chinangwa chayo

Acropolis - zvakavanzwa muzita iri yekare, uye chii kukosha kwayo? Yakanga nzvimbo huru kuwana mambo. Uyewo mukati pane temberi dzakawanda apo minyengetero zvaipirwa kuna vanamwari vechiGiriki, uye kubhadhara chepaseka. Munguva kukunda kubudikidza vokuTurkey Acropolis airidza basa ravo chechi. Sezvo vanhasi - wenguva dzekare Monument pamusoro mapurani art.

Acropolis veAteni sechinhu Architectural ensemble

Acropolis anosika kuonekwa muguta reAtene. Munguva dzekare, nzvimbo iyi yakanga kukosha tsvene, uye tsika pakati. zvemukati hurongwa temberi All vanoumba chete Ensemble. Acropolis Architecture kugomo nyanzvi, zvose chikamu RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA, hapana nzvimbo randomness - nezvivakwa uye pazvivako, nzvimbo yavo nokungwarira achifunga panze uye zvikuru nomusoro. Ensemble ichi inovakwa asymmetrically uye anoenderana nemitemo mbiri huru Ancient Greece mavakirwo panguva yayo maruva: aipindirana mukanyiwa mwero uye omumwe mapurani uri simba waro kuvakwa. Parthenon uye Gekatompedon - pakati. Acropolis 21 ine zvakagadzirwa chaikosha (yemitambo Dionysus Statue Promachos Athens, propylene, Athens atari Zeusi tsvene uye nevamwe).

zvinhu

Zvinoratidzika sokuti Acropolis nhasi? Ndezvipi zvinhu vakasikwa zvose pakurigadzira?

Pari vakawanda Zvivako ndivo kudzorerwa Acropolis. Naizvozvo, nzvimbo dzinoyevedza, iwe unogona kuona kuti vamwe vavo vakapoteredzwa rwemichinjiko. Vazhinji zvivako achitevedza emakore pashure uchiri ukuru hwavo, nokuti zvinoita kutonga pamusoro yokusiyana uye kunzwisisa mapurani mashoko. Kuongorora mbiru yekare angafunga kuti kwavo zvinhu kugadzirwa - reraimu. Kutaura zvazviri, zvose pezvokuvamba Acropolis dzakavakwa yemabhura, iro chaizvo chakasakara pachena kuti zvinhu uye zvimwe zvikamu zvaro vakaparadzwa nehondo.

propylaeum

Kurutivi rwamavirazuva kugomo riri pamusuo Acropolis. Chii Propylaea? nyaya iyi inonetsa vanhu vazhinji, kokutanga kushanyira chikuru zvinokwezva veAteni. Propylaea - The huru pasuo Acropolis, masuwo vakuru yemabhura. Vane mawindo nokuti ndima shanu. The widest wavo (panzvimbo nhanho nepokuongorora murwere) iri mukati kare arongera vatasvi uye kumhanya mhuka sezvibayiro. Yakafara iri 4.3 m. Pamadziro masuwo rinoumbwa matanhatu-Doric yakaiswa denga. Munguva yekare, Propylaea, Acropolis pezvivako zvose zvaizivikanwa uye zvikuru anotaurwa kakawanda kupfuura Parthenon.

Parthenon

Parthenon - temberi huru, iri inozivikanwa Acropolis kwayo, uko Bhanabhasi-reliefs kuratidza mifananidzo kubva mungano yechiGiriki, kusanganisira kuzvarwa Athena kubva musoro Zeus. Kwakakura temberi rakanyatsojeka hunoshamisa :. Its makubhiti 30 m, urefu 70 M mbiru, akamira pamusoro mukomberedzo, vane nekukwirira 10 metres Zvinoshamisa marongerwo mbiru :. Vanoedza kusvika nepakati uye pakona akatasva pamwe zvishoma nepfungwa panyaya pasi. Nemhaka anonyengera ose ezvivako yekare, temberi anotarira chete zvinoenderana nyaya divi wachi yake. Inside yakakurumbira chivezwa mwarikadzi paakagadzwa - Athena Musikana. Zvinonzi vakasikwa huru noMusiki Acropolis, murongedzeri Phidias. Maoko uye chiso mwarikadzi vakanga zvakagadzirwa nenyanga dzenzou, zvidimbu zvipfeko uye nezvombo - nendarama, chipenye meso kubudirira kuburikidza nokushandisa dzinongoitika matombo anokosha. Nanhasi chifananidzo haina vakachengetedzwa. Chitarisiko chake akadzorerwa, nemhaka akawana makopi yekare.

Erechtheion

Temple, apo ari inozivikanwa kuti vanamwari vanoverengeka: Athena, Poseidon uye Erechtheus (mambo wekare Athens). Zvayaiva mukati patsime Poseidon, akazadzwa mvura munyu. Maererano nengano, tsime iri mugumisiro trident akarova vairinda guru Poseidon ake simba noruoko. Zvichienderana ndechokuti rokuvaka temberi aiendeswa dzakasiyana-siyana zvinangwa, rakanga napo maviri kurutivi rwokumusoro uye kumabvazuva mativi. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ine paberere, dzinofunga Ionic pembiru. Doorway akanga yakashongedzwa dzemaoresa muenzaniso yakawanda nemifananidzo details, uye kwainzi yakanakisisa pakunaka clypeus pamusoro Pericles. Pedyo netemberi yaiva mubako umo akararama matsvene nyoka mwarikadzi Athena. Nyoka mudzidziso mutongi mukuru muguta - Erechtheus. Kusvikira zvino, richienda chechi iyi hwaponeswa chete muzvinyorwa vakararama panguva yake, unogona kuwana rondedzero musha.

Yemitambo Dionysos

dzemitambo Greek vagara dzakavakwa pamusoro pechikomo, apo anoisa zviziviswe vateereri, yaiva pamberi yemapuranga pechikuva. Vateereri zvigaro zvakanga zviri muchimiro denderedzwagama (vakadaidzwa "Theatron") uye takapoteredzwa papuratifomu, apo kwaya (nzvimbo inonzi orhestra). The IV c. BC. e. zvigaro nokuti vaoni takaitwa kuva pataimbozorora parukangarahwe uye ipapo tatarisana machena. Yemitambo Dionysos - wokutanga wokuratidza Greek yemitambo, iri kumaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo yakatenuka pakati Acropolis. Kuti dzakararama kubva zvigaro machena kuti akanga achida vaenzi vanokosha uye vagari honorary vomuAtene. Capacity Theater - zviuru 17 vanhu ..

Temberi mwarikadzi Nike

Ichi chimwe chechi hwakawanda huripo, chikamu Ensemble (Acropolis). Chii "Athena Nike" - shoko rinoratidza zita mwarikadzi? Nick Kazhinji vanoratidzwa nemapapiro pamusoro musana wake. Asi temberi iyi ndiyo zvagara kuushe, sezvo vaAtene vakasarudza kuramba kuhwinha pamba. Naizvozvo, namapapiro zvisina nobwoni anogadzirwa, usashandisa Nick kubhururuka kure uye kusiya zvose muguta. Saizvozvowo, "Apteros" rinoreva "wingless".

Temberi ine mana Ionic mbiru, okumusoro zvikamu zviri yakashongedzwa zononoka curls. Temberi Athena Nike yakavakwa mumakore Peloponnesian War, saka Bhanabhasi-reliefs unoratidza kukunda Spartans navaPersia. Munguva kubatwa ari Turkish tsvene yacho yakaparadzwa nokuda kuvaka masvingo zvechiuto. Pari, temberi Nike zvinowanzotaurwa kuvharwa kuruzhinji nokuda yokudzorerwa.

Chii pakupedzisira kuparadzwa

Vamwe zvinhu mapurani havana akapukunyuka kusvikira nhasi. Panzvimbo yavo anowanikwa chete nheyo kana shapeless matongo nezvivakwa kuti kamwe akashongedza Acropolis. Ndezvipi vakachengeta, sokunge iri kwayo ichatonga zvine mbiri? Somuenzaniso, Gekatompedon kana Pandroseion? Izvi zvinogona ichizotongwa migumisiro Zvakafukunurwa kana mabhuku uchapupu, akasiya nyika Ancient Greece. On-nzvimbo Gekatompedon zvakasara mbiru uye zvikamu zvivezwa kwakawanikwa. Sanctuary yaAtemisi, uye akapotsa kuparadzwa; Hauwanikwi chete zviduku residues uye yokuchengetera zvinhu apo zvombo vakange kuchengetwa.

itsva Museum

Athens Museum, riri pamusoro munharaunda Acropolis, kwakatangwa muna 1874. Kazhinji, pane zvinoratidzwa okunze, kare maiva muna Upper Town. The muunganidzwa akazova, mushure mechinguva, aripo nzvimbo kwakanga kusina kukwana. Pedyo Acropolis makatanga kuvakwa, zvikuru wakapamhama chivakwa chitsva. Asi kwete nguva dzose basa akamhanya zvakanaka, sezvo paiva nezvipingamupinyi uye matambudziko chokuita pakusarudza ezvivako kana nyika. Pakutanga kuvakwa, panguva pakugadzirira nyika nheyo, kare zvaikosha mapurani zvinhu zvakawanikwa. Somugumisiro pakuvaka miziyamu yambomiswa.

Three-pamwero miziyamu yakaoma pamwe yakavhurwa 2009, rimwe girazi uriri kuitira kuti vaenzi vane mukana kuchengeta Zvakafukunurwa.