Nhoroondo uye rinoreva "Chitarisiko murayiro"

History of Russia ine zvakawanda mashoko uye zviitiko yo hunokonzera zvinetso vadzidzi. Mumwe izvi pfungwa ndiye Chitarisiko of murayiro, akaita muna XVII - XVIII emakore, basa mutikitivha, uye dare rinodzora.

Kunzwisisa kwakaita nyaya iri pakuti rokuti "murayiro" mumazuva okupedzisira remakore yachinja zvarinoreva. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vadzidzi vazhinji vakarasika, wakati anyeverwa: "Uwedzere mutengo pfungwa. Chitarisiko of kurongeka -? Chii "Mune izvi, chikanganiso chakakomba ndiko kuedza kupindura mubvunzo, tichifunga mutauro ano ?.

Shoko rokuti "murayiro" - chinodiwa kana simba?

Kuti udzidze zvinorehwa "Chitarisiko kuti" pfungwa uye kujekesa basa raakaita paumbwe Russian hwacho, zvinokosha kunzwisisa Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti "murayiro". Modern Dictionary rinotsanangura shoko sezvinotevera: ". Yakaronga, pasi pakuomerera kuurayiwa" Zvisinei, mashoko aya akashandurwa sezvaari nekaupenyu achangobva. MuRussia, zvisinei, sezvo mugumo XV remakore, zvakanzi nezita sezvakarayirwa nechepakati zviremera anokonzera mumwe chikamu nevoruzhinji nezvokunetseka. Saka, Prince Ivan III, akapedza kubatanidzwa akasiyana necheSalvic ukuru, kushandurwa yokuRussia kudzora mamiriro nokutamisa Executive simba mirairo - zvikabva oushumiri ano. Ambassadorial murayiro, Local, Street, chete Pushkarsky ... With neimwe itsva muchinda kana mambo hurongwa anotsigira, asi kusvikira Peter I kumbobvira tisisipo.

The pakuonekwa kwaJesu paGomo ari hurongwa

simba iri chikwereti chacho chitarisiko mumisha miviri duku pedyo Moscow - Semenovsk uye Chitarisiko, izvo 1682 akatapwa wechiduku chevaux Peter naamai vake. Simba rose rakanga kusimbiswa mumaoko regent - Sophia, uye Amusements Petro akumbirwa maviri "varaidza" hondo. Manage vose zvoupfumi uye dzimwe nyaya regiments izvi zvaiendeswa munhu zvikuru vakasikirwa ichi chinangwa Preobrazhensky varayirwa.

Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva, sezvo vechiduku Petro akatanga kubatanidzwa nokutongwa yacho, iri "kusetsa" kuti vachinje zvadzinoreva. Vakaedza zvose zvavaigona zvakamupoteredza shamwari vechiduku Peter, izvozvo akakurukura kutanga zvirongwa zvinhu zvikuru, vakakurukura kudiwa rutsigiro rwemauto pamusoro Turkey. Kutungamirira hurongwa Peter A. akaisa mumwe weshamwari dzake dzapedyo - Prince Fedora Yurevicha Romodanovskogo.

kana dzakakomba chokutanga chitarisiko ari hurongwa

Muna 1689, Princess Sophia akaedza kubvuta simba zvizere uye vave mambokadzi. It raitsigirwa ne Royal regiments akamira muMoscow. Funny regiments, achitungamirwa nomuchinda Romodanovsky, akanga amanikidzwa kuhondo yake yokutanga zvakakomba uye akunda. Sophia vakatapwa kuna Novodevichy chechechi, uye chitarisiko kwakaita sezvakarayirwa nebhizimisi sangano duku wava chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha vehurumende. It raitongwa Policing muMoscow kuferefeta enyika mhosva muna 1698 iye akapiwa oga kodzero havatongi mhosva pamusoro pamambo kana woumambo simba.

Hazvina sangano iri simba rokutonga Peter I vanosungirwa wandei vanomisa nyonganyonga, kutambudzwa enyika vavengi Peter uye ropa vaiurayiwa. Pfungwa yokuti "Preobrazhensky" akava shoko imba, kwemakore akawanda kushamwaridzana nevanhu vane unotyisa torturous kurwadziswa makamuri uye utsinye zvaisarudza.

Zvisinei, kutaura zvazviri, mashandiro murayiro uyu akawedzera upamhi zvikuru: kusvika pakusikwa weSeneti muna 1711, ndiye aiva mukuru rinodzora munyika pasina mambo. Somuenzaniso, apo kutora chikamu Peter I Mukuru Embassy kuEurope akanga Chitarisiko kuti kugadzirisa matambudziko ose zvemukati.

Preobrazhensky pakuita kudzivisa yemuna musketeers

Mumwe zvakakura kacho, izvo zvinogona kutora chikamu omurume muchinda Romodanovsky, aiva strelets kumukira muna 1698. Sent (panzvimbo kutandara yechipikirwa) kushanda Luke Great regiments akaramba kuteerera mirairo. Uye vakatamira kusunungura Princess Sophia - ". Nyasha kwavari" izvo, kusafanana Peter, Strelets kumukira akanga utsinye woutsinye. Panguva behest Petro vanopfuura 300 uta vakasungwa uye vakabvunzurudzwa muna SVEZA Chitarisiko hurongwa. The kukosha chiitiko ichi kuti kukura Russia yakanga hombe: chete pashure pokupanduka 1698 strelets mauto akanga emauto akadzingwa mabasa uye havasisipo nokusingaperi.

Munyika, yakanga mukusora vatsigiri musketeers. Vazhinji vechikamu kwazvakarerekera yakanyangarika ari pevhu kushanduka chitarisiko zviri muhurongwa, kunyange zvakawanda akaurayiwa musi Red Square pachena kuti pakuvaka vamwe. Ichi chiitiko chinorwadza akakunda Vasily Surikov paguva rake "Morning of Strelets 'Execution."

Nguva Empire yaitonga

Mumakore akatevera, chitarisiko of murayiro akatowedzera nechepakati mutikitivha nezvakatongwa simba. Kubvira 1702 ikoko akatanga bvunzurudza wose "aitaura kuti anotonga shoko" (kureva, aiva mashoko raiva nechokuita zano kana zviremera nyaya).

Muna 1718 hofisi pakavanda yakatangwa St. Petersburg, iro akagamuchira mashandiro anoita chitarisiko kwakaita uchitanga kuchamhembe, uye makore mashoma gare gare zviviri masangano aya akabatanidzwa imwe. Zviri pano, muna Petro Paul Fortress, paiva hofisi muchivande, aiitisa nyaya Tsarevich Alexei - mwanakomana Peter I, uyo akapomerwa mhosva yokupandukira hurumende. Bvunzurudzo Nzira chokuita kurwadziswa hazvina akachinjwa kunyange Alexei Petrovich, uye kutendiswa akapiwa pasi nokukurumidza. Zvisinei, asati kuurayiwa mugari wenhaka chigaro haana kurarama: June 26, akanga akawanikwa akafa muchitokisi chake.

Okupedzisira makore chitarisiko ari hurongwa

Vose Petrine yaitonga Chitarisiko murayiro waiva ikure Imperial simba. Kuwedzerwa masimba ake kuchinja zita naizvozvo, muna 1702, sangano akazozivikanwa kwenguva "mukuru dare". Pakazopera rekutonga Peter I, murayiro uyu aiva nesimba kutsvaka uye kutonga vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika, kuongorora mhosva, kuti vaite vaiurayiwa, uye kunyange kudzora kutengeswa fodya. In panzvimbo Fedor Romodanovsky akauya mwanakomana wake, Ivan Romodanovsky, kutungamirira basa mhosva mutikitivha raitwa Andrey Ushakov.

Vasava kukosha brainchild Petro akanga chete pashure pokufa kwake. Catherine I kunzi sangano Office of Chitarisiko, ukaramba dzakawanda masimba aro. Uye muna 1729 Kesari Peter II pakupedzisira chakagumisa simba aendesa wake webasa uye tama basa rose weSeneti uye Supreme Council.