Formational uye civilizational nzira kuti nhoroondo yevanhu

Kwenguva refu ari mumhuri mabhuku nesayenzi, pane chimwe chete kutaura kune hanya uye kudzidza kare vanhu. Maererano naye, kukura yose nzanga pasi kuchinja zvoupfumi hurongwa. Dzidziso iyi kuisa mberi yakajeka uye isimbiswe Karl Marks. Asi nhasi vakawanda kazhinji nyaya ichaongororwa semaonero rakasiyana-siyana zvinoita kuti tichibatanidza pamwe formational uye civilizational nzira kuti nhoroondo nezvekutanga yacho rwevanhu.

Chiitiko, pane kutsanangura zhinji, asi chinonyanya kukosha vavo anoti ari Marx pfungwa imwe-mativi uye asingauyi kufungawo zvinhu zvakawanda uye nhoroondo data, zvisingagone kufungwa kudzidza kwakadaro multi-faceted chakajairika, sezvinoita vanhu.

Formational uye civilizational nzira yakavakirwa mu kuomerera kwavo zvinhu zvinotevera:

1. formational - kwakavakirwa zvoupfumi uye kodzero muridzi;
2. budiriro - anotora ose okunze kwehupenyu nhoroondo, kubvira dzechitendero uye anopera ukama "munhu -. simba"

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti sezvo vakadaro rakabatana pfungwa civilizational handicho yakatanga. Mumwe mutsvakurudzi uyewo inorangarira chimwe chete kana zviviri. Saka, Toynbee chinosiyanisa gumi mhando vanhu, kwakavakirwa kukura nzanga mundima chete kubva inception rayo yepamusoro uye kuderera. Kusiyana naye Uolt Rostou anozivisa 5 chete kwenzanga hwaro kusimbisa kuti anoiswa pamusoro nhamba "kwevanhu - kuparadzwa", soro izvo ndiwo mamiriro vakawanda rinodyiwa.

Sezvinogona kuoneka kubva ekupedzisira pfungwa, formational uye civilizational nzira kazhinji bindepinde nemumwe, zvisina kujairika. Izvi imhaka yokuti vari vose dzinoratidzwa munhau vanhu chete chete pfungwa. Saka, vose formational uye civilizational nzira kuti kudzidza vanhu hadzikwanisi kuzivisa ayo kubuda uye kukura pane mumatanho zvose, kunobva vachingoshandisa imwe nzira.

Saka, yakakwana izvi Pfungwa inotungamirwa Marx uye Toynbee pfungwa kwenzanga. Vazhinji vatsvakurudzi vari kuwedzera uye vachida mamwe makore achangopfuura kufunga kuti kana iwe nokubatanidza anokosha parameters idzi pfungwa, mashoko formational uye civilizational nzira vakakwanisa zvakazara kupembedza sei kukura nesayenzi, upfumi, tsika uye dzimwe nharaunda zvoupenyu paruzhinji akapfuurira nenzira rinogona kurondwa achishandisa kare.

The kumusoro nokuti kuti Marx pfungwa yacho 5 mumatanho (idzodzo) vanhu zvakavakirwa zvikurukuru pamusoro mhando youpfumi uye kukura nematurusi. Dzidziso Toynbee zvinobudirira anotsigira izvozvo, achiratidza magariro, chitendero, tsika, zvesayenzi uye zvimwewo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mukutanga zvokukura Toynbee kufunga zvakawanda chaizvo rechitendero zvinoriumba, uye izvi vakaumbwa nokushorwa yavo. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvinhu zvachinja, uye nhasi formational uye civilizational nzira kuti kudzidza vanhu vakakamurwa chete conditionally.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nzira idzi kunzwisisa nhoroondo zviripo sezvo zvikanganiso uye unhu. Saka, dzidziso idzodzo ane kudzidza zvose zvine chokuita zvinhanho mashanu upfumi nhoroondo chero vemunharaunda hwakadzama. Zvakaipira munhu anonzwisisa-mativi ose kwemasayendisiti yomuka ari inoti (kureva zvidzidzo zvavo Marx pfungwa), iyo inotaurwa yokuti nyaya chidzidzo vaizivikanwa nyika European chete. Experience necheSalvic inoti, muArabhia, American uye African nyika haina kufungwa nezvazvo. About mumwe chinhu yakavakirwa mutongo wake uye "baba" pakati dzidziso kwenzanga Toynbee.

Formational uye civilizational nzira dzakaitika emunhu panguva vaipikisa pane chinhu chakaipa. Izvozvo kusvika kune nzira pakutsvakurudza chezvematongerwe kuvandudzika vanhu inosiya pasina nzvimbo inonyanya kunyatsotevera kuongorora pezvakaitwa zvose dambudziko kuitika munharaunda. Uye saka kuitira kudzivirira paumbwe mavara machena inofanira kushandiswa formational uye civilizational mharidzo panguva imwe chete.