Utopian gutsaruzhinji kuMadokero uye Russia

Yokutanga yezana remakore rechi19 kunoratidzwa navanopinda kuparadzirwa pfungwa utopian gutsaruzhinji. New dzidziso inoratidza chido chokuchinja uye marongerwo itsva munzanga. In ichi utopian gutsaruzhinji, uye pfungwa dzake dzakanga womuenzaniso zvikuru mupfungwa imwe magariro mune ramangwana. Kugadzirwa dzidziso, mune mamwe mazwi, kwete kunobva mitemo uye achidzinga mauto vanhu.

Pfungwa yokuti "pakuva" rinoreva "dzisiri aripo nzvimbo."

West European utopian gutsaruzhinji kwaibva pfungwa nevafungi guru pemakore 16-17 (Thomas More, Campanella, Winstanley). Nokuumbwa dzidziso itsva yakanga kunyanya nokuda kukwana kusimudzira capitalist ukama pakati kwezana remakore rechi19. The zviitiko kuitika munguva iyoyo chainyatsoratidza kusakwana hurongwa. Kupararira capitalism munyaya zvose wakatsamwisa kutsoropodza pamusoro vamiririri akasiyana sectors munzanga, kusanganisira utopian Socialist.

Followers Mora pfungwa akanongedza kutsarukana uye kupfupika capitalist ukama. Utopian Socialist akaita rakakura upfumi, akatanga kufunga chitange paruzhinji ukama sechinhu kwacho nhoroondo, umo kuchinja nezvishoma. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe nhano anotevera mumwe, wakakwidzwa.

Kazhinji, kuti utopian gutsaruzhinji vakaparidza kuti capitalist hurongwa havazokwanisi hwokuchengetedza mufaro vanhu vakawanda, uye panyaya iyi, kuti atsive iye unouya yakagozha mudziyo.

Movement kuumbwa zvitatu siyana. Saka, muna France dzakasiyana pamusoro utopian gutsaruzhinji vaiva Fourierism uye Saint-Simonianism, uye muna UK - ouenizm.

Mumiriri akakurumbira zvikuru sangano French akanga Saint-Simoni (Klod Anri of Ruvrua). Aiva mabasa akadai "The Catechism of maindasitiri", "Industrial System", "New Christianity". Pasinei nokuti pfungwa yacho utopian Socialist vakanga zvikuru kunangidzirwa kune matambudziko Sociological, akaita rakakura enyika upfumi.

Mumwe anofunga huru, yakanga utopian mugovanisi Fourier (Fransua Mari Charles). Iye muridzi basa "dzidziso mukuru yemberi uye mana kufamba", "munzanga uye mumaindasitiri runyararo itsva" uye "dzidziso kubatana kwenyika."

Fourier aiva mutsigiri pfungwa chido. Maererano naye, mumwe murume - ari inowirirana, asina propensities zvakaipa. Zvisinei, zvakanaka kwevanhu chido pasi pokudzora nhoroondo ezvinhu ave akaipa. Panyaya iyi, akaramba Fourier, mamiriro ezvinhu anofanira kuchinja nzira kuti vanhu kuva zvichipindirana.

MuEngland, Robert Owen akava mumiriri akakurumbira zvikuru sangano. Pamabasa ake "Report Lenark County" uye "The Book of New Moral World" anofunga, anoshorana capitalism akanga Zvisinei kwakavakirwa,, pamusoro enyika upfumi dzekare hurongwa.

Pakazosvika 40 fung makore remakore rechi19 vakatanga kupararira utopian gutsaruzhinji muRussia. Vamwe vari munharaunda vakanzwa kuti havaoni itsva pfungwa dziri kutsigira echimurenga hweruzhinji. Vamwe akatumidza kufamba itsva "Russian gutsaruzhinji". Havaoni uye vanosimudzira pfungwa pakutevedzera idzva akaratidza zvakadzama ruvengo yaiva nguva evanhu.

Russian utopian gutsaruzhinji kwaibva Mitsara dzidziso akakodzera wehurumende mamiriro chete pamusoro pemisimboti yaivapo ezvinhu mumusha mune kumaruwa munharaunda. Zvakanga pano, maererano vamiriri, hapana kuparadzana kuburikidza muridzi uye mitemo ukama pakati nhengo vanhu akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze tichibatsirwa kutsika, kwete mitemo mamiriro.

Madzitateguru dzidziso utopian gutsaruzhinji muRussia vaiva zvakadai vakakurumbira manhamba sezvo Chernyshevsky, sydäntä, Belinsky.