Derbent rusvingo Derbent: tsananguro pamwe mapikicha

Pakati mamiziyamu muguta Derbent Russia inomira nderechokwadi dzokuMabvazuva pakubika, simba mukati uye multi-Millennial kare. The pakuonekwa "maparera" pamusoro Dagestan kunoratidzwa chikuru kuzvidzivirira zvivako, kuva ichocho paaiva simba nenhare, ndima lockable mumhenderekedzo reCaspian egungwa. makiromita akawanda Derbent kaviri rusvingo rakavakirirwa nhare Naryn-Kala, akadzikatidza nzira ruchigona akapfuma "vaGiriki" kumaodzanyemba kuchamhembe.

Kubva kukwirira kumakomo

Kubva kukwirira muhomba Dzhalganskogo Derbent sokuti yakamanikana chena bhendi Munotatamura pakati zvitema gungwa uye uswa rusvingo penyika kumakomo. Kutanga kubva gungwa zvikuru kwazvo kanyika zvivako uye minda, guta, zvishoma nezvishoma achikwira mugomo, iri compressed mu urongwa zvakajeka inofambirana madziro uye abuts mawere wegomo mumwe Spurs kwegomo kwaasingasvikiri Dzhalganskogo.

Pano, pamusoro pamawere pedyo muromo yakadonha mugomo wokubatwa mumipata, chirefu bvudzi masvingo wenhare, iyo chitonge sandara matenga uye richikurukura makakombama Lanes riri pazasi guta rekare. Kunyanya rinotsvaka majestically pamusoro rusvingo Derbent Derbent mapikicha hunovhiringidza kuukuru kuvaka ezvivako kare.

World nhaka

Kusimbisa pano gumi zana apfuura, Sasanian Iran, uchiteverwa reArab Caliphate kwete chete kukunda yakakuwandira simba sangano iri inowanzorimwa muArabhu, asi kuparadzira simba ravo uye rokuchinja rose kumabvazuva Caucasus. Zvinoshamisa, Derbent rusvingo - kaviri rusvingo Sassanid panguva - rakapona hwakawanda hondo, zvishoma vakachengetedzwa.

Archaeological tsvakurudzo dzinoratidza kuti kudaro inokosha Panzvimbo dzose kugarwa iripo makore 6000 akapfuura. Izvi zvinobvumira Derbent anonzi guta mukuru Russia uye imwe mukuru munyika. The gore 2003 gungano iroro raikosha nokuti guta: UNESCO nyanzvi vakaona wenhare ari World Heritage Site somumwe zvakanakisisa akachengetedzwa Monuments of nhare mavakirwo nevaPezhiya vekare.

nzvimbo

Ancient Derbent zvose wakaiswa pakati pamasvingo maviri refu kuripa mu zvakafanana uye pedyo nomumwe nomumwe, mhiri ndima pakati pegungwa uye makomo. Mumwe wakarebesa kuzvidzivirira masvingo Derbent, kuchamhembe, rakapona akapotsa ayo yose kureba, uye achiri anoumba muganhu weguta hwokumusoro.

South Derbent rusvingo, akaererana wokutanga, hwaponeswa chete pamwe rokumusoro kana dzokumadokero chikamu guta duku dzine kumwe. Kuparadzwa chakatanga pashure Russian kukunda, kana rezasi chikamu kukura muguta European mhando, kwete raitenda mu miganhu yekare, yakatanga kukura rwezasi. Zvinonzi zvakanakisisa akachengetedzwa wenhare, hauna kuvakwa kwezvivako ano.

pemvura chikamu

vafambi vekare kunyanya akauraya zvikamu pamadziro, vachisiya kweGungwa reCaspian uye inonyangarika pasi pegungwa. Wezvenhau Lev Gumilyov mumwe yokutanga inoitwa kudzidza Fani iyi uye akawana kuti chikonzero kuti zvinokosha nokufamba pakati pegungwa. Munguva dzekare, Derbent Derbent rusvingo anodzivirira panyika port, ikozvino nemafashamo.

Nhasi, masvingo, vakurukuri mugungwa, kuchisara bedzi ibwe akatevedzana, kuronda nemuGungwa. Zvakanaka vakaisa akavezwa ndeizvi pachena zvinoonekwa pasi mvura panguva pemvura kukadzikama gungwa.

tsananguro

The zita kuzvidzivirira zvakaoma pamusoro Naryn-Kala (Derbent munhare uye rusvingo) rinoreva "gedhi rakamanikana". Zvechokwadi, pano kuti Mountains Caucasus kupfuura kunyatsotevera anosvika kweGungwa reCaspian, pova yakamanikana "mutsipa", kutamira kuburikidza kuti nyore kudzora. Kureba kuvakwa pamusoro 1,300 metres muguta. Makomo kwemudhuri, dzakadai Great rinopfuurira vanyura Caucasus muna 42? Km.

Pakukora vasara masvingo Derbent anouya 4 m, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo inosvikira munhu kukwirira 18-20 m. Mudzimwe nzvimbo masvingo vakaramba scalloped rumhanda. Mumazana kureba kwayo rusvingo vakaparadzana nevanhu zvakawanda kana zvishoma kakawanda iri shongwe maberere rectangular kana Semi-tenderera chimiro, uye dzimwe nguva, sapamazuva paShushani nguva, yakasimba masonry. Nenzvimbo inokosha mune kuzvidzivirira panyaya shongwe maberere kungapfuurira kukosha nhare. Mukati mokupera kutsvaira masitepisi, wakamutsa ravarwi kuti vadzivise vavengi.

gedhi North

Inonyanya decoration chikamu Derbent nezvivakwa masuo. Maererano Arab vanyori muna Derbent yekare iri kuchamhembe, Khazars, kupfuura pangozi muchiuto mupfungwa, rusvingo rwakanga masuwo matatu chete. Ivo achiripo kusvikira nhasi. Mumwe wavo - ndiko kepagedhi, yaiva pedo wenhare. The mugwagwa kunovatungamirira nehope kuzvimbirwa, hamvuropu wakakombwa kubva kuchamhembe-kumadokero. Dzinonzi Dzharchi-nguwani - suwo mutumwa.

Very dzinonakidza zvawo decoration design Kyrhlyarskie gedhi - Kyrhlyar-nguwani, akadana pamusoro pavo iri pedyo kumakuva ekare, maererano nengano embody pamarinda wokutanga vaMuslim idzi. Kumativi maviri pasuwo-span kunze akachengetedzwa guru uye mbiri zvivezwa yeshumba mufananidzo. Gedhi wechitatu, Shurinskie kunge zvava imwe nguva gare gare. Kutaura zvazviri, kuchamhembe rusvingo Derbent ndiwo muganhu pakati anongofamba apo kuchamhembe uye rokurima kumaodzanyemba.

South gedhi

In rusvingo kumaodzanyemba rakatarira kunyika vaMuslim, maererano Arab vanyori, paive namasuwo zhinji. Pasinei duku kureba akachengetedzwa kwemudhuri, ipapo rakapona remagedhi mana. Mumwe panguva chaizvo pamusoro wenhare - Cala Caps - zvino kuparadzwa zvachose, vamwe - Bayat-capacitor iri pedo pamukwidzwa wenhare - kunyange flanked ne wekare kumativi shongwe, asi zvikuru vakavakazve.

Most kunakidza ndivo gedhi wechitatu kumaodzanyemba rusvingo - Horta-nguwani kuti vari pakati quadrangular shongwe uye zvinosanganisira maviri anotevedzana zvaiva. Ndima yokutanga kunze chakagadzirirwa sechipo matatu Lancet Maberere, akaparadzaniswa maviri dzeraundi mbiru vane misoro quadrangular pasi yakashongedzwa stalactites. Pano Derbent divi rusvingo akashongedzwa Maberere diki pamusoro izvo anoiswa stalactites - Decorative arcature yakarongwa mitatu ari vakadzungairira Triangle.

Ndima yechipiri ane zvakasiyana zvachose mhando, rectangular, vakaprofita chinjikira sandara yokufeva, ikafamba pamusoro profiled pemidengerero. Above rakatenderera ichi pane mukuru riemukaari razgruznaya yokufeva ane bofu lunette. Kumusoro anoiswa yakabudikira parusvingo chivezwa kweshumba imire kubva mberi rinokosha chikomboredzo uye configured (uyewo zvivezwa gedhi Kyrhlyarskih) ndiyo generalized chaizvo uye schematic.

Kubva wechina gedhi wokumaodzanyemba inowanzorimwa, iri Downtown munharaunda uye anonzi Doubar-nguwani, vakapona hombe pylons maviri nezviratidzo kupfura Maberere pakati pavo. Uyezve, pane masuo maviri wenhare; rokumabvazuva The rectangular shongwe uye vakatakura kungoda vakawanda alterations, uye Western, flanked ne shongwe maviri.

dzimwe zvinokwezva

Derbent rusvingo uye munhare - havasi chete guta rekare. Munhare pane matongo zvezvivako vakawanda zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Kufarira vari:

• Zvayaiva munhu huru tangi, akavezwa mudombo vakaprofita ne nzvimbo mana girth Lancet namaberere pano.
• Curious MATONGO dzokugezera, apo asati 1936 kwakanga kuchakasimba mumwe domes zvakafanana mhando kwakaita-pamusoro apa matangi.
• On vaviri refu kumativi Derbent kuparadzira yakakura kumakuva aine sango ibwe gravestones sezvivako.

Rweguta rine nhamba yekare zvivako, mosques, namatsime, madziva, minareeteissa. Kupfuura chinoshamisa uye chikuru kuvakwa ari chechi, munhu mutema rising kuti hunopfuura flat matenga yokumusoro chikamu Derbent ano nekorona simba dzichikura muchivanze Mosque remakore-kare nemipurani.