Soviet sekasi: mapeji enhau

Vazhinji vevaya vakanga vaponerwa USSR, havana mubvunzo kuti Soviet sekasi - dzakanakisisa munyika. Zviri zvatinogona nevanyengeri "Magic," Clowns - funny, uye vanodzidzisa mhuka uye acrobats - the vakashinga uye wokushinga. Vafamba kusvika sekasi raiva zororo zvikuru vakuru nevana zvakafanana. Asi sekasi Soviet haina kuuya pasina. About sei kukudziridza Soviet sekasi, isu kufukidza munyaya ino.

Nhoroondo Russian sekasi unyanzvi

Kunyange munguva Kievan Rus munyika yedu yakanga yaitwa yokutanga "mbeu" pamusoro sekasi Arts, sezvinoratidzwa Pamifananidzo muKiev St. Sophia Cathedral, chaiko makore 1070-1075. Ivo kutotaura makwikwi mabhiza uye kurwa, yakakakwa walkers nemapango. Mumazuva iwayo adepts zvakadai vaifamba acrobats uye vatungamiriri mabheya, Clowns uye jugglers anoitwa munzvimbo dzomuguta, nhumbi uye omunyika, inoshamisa uye mafaro vanhu. Pavapenyu bhizimisi Russia vaiva buffoons XV-XVI remakore.

Nemhaka kuitwa Peter I muna XVIII remakore muguta guru uye namaguta makuru vakatanga dzichiumbwa evanhu upenyu uye akatanga kuonekwa European Pandakatenderera sekasi, iyo pave kukurumidza kukura sekasi Arts.

Ichatonga zvine mbiri Russian sekasi anonzi XIX remakore. Panguva ino inopfuura vakawanda Balagan akanaka mifananidzo pamwe kubatanidzwa kuti vatambi uye gymnasts, jugglers uye acrobats, vachitamba uye n'anga, uyewo vemifananidzo vemamwe Genres. With zvesimba mu fairground matumba zvinoyevedza basa rakatanga uye Nikitin Durov hama, uyewo vamwe vakawanda. An chinokosha chinokosha kukura Russian sekasi kwaiva kuwanikwa okutanga zvivako ibwe: muSt Petersburg pamusoro embankment, muna 1877-m, muMoscow, pazuva yechitema Boulevard muna 1880.

The chidzoke yeSoviet sekasi

Pashure nezvezviitiko October 1917 mave kuchinja muupenyu uye nhoroondo Russian sekasi unyanzvi. The Bolsheviks, kuitisa nemagariro chimurenga akapa hurumende rutsigiro sekasi akariita simba Pfungwa mudziyo iyo ine kukanganisika zvavo. An chinokosha rokuchinja kukura Soviet sekasi ine chirevo "On kubatanidzwa chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo bhizimisi", nemasaini August 1919, Ulyanov-Lenin. Maererano gwaro iri, vose sekasi uye chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo pfuma pasi nationalization. Zvisinei, kufambira mberi kuri nani kunonoka, uye kubudikidza 1922 mumhuri sekasi kwaisanganisira maviri chete mamiriro Moscow. Zvadaro, nokukurumidza zvikuru, mumakore matatu chete, imwe 15 circuses mumaguta akasiyana-siyana ehurumende yeSoviet akatanga. Yokutanga yakavhurwa Nizhny Novgorod Fair Soviet sekasi tende. Zvino vakanga nationalized, restructured uye akatanga kupa anoratidza uye zvesimba muna Leningrad, Tver, Rostov-on-Don, Orel, Kiev, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Kazan, Tula. Vazhinji makamuri vave pasi ne dzimwe nyika sezvo pachavo zvinoyevedza kurira kwepfuti dzavo kurashikirwa, uye nezera ravo kurovedza murombo. Kuti vagadzirise dambudziko muna 1926, sekasi unyanzvi makosi dzakatangwa, uyo vakabva vakava Technical School, achidzidzisa vemifananidzo reSoviet sekasi wokutanga.

achiva

Ma1920 - mangwanani 1930s pamusoro yomunharaunda sekasi nhandare makamuri itsva dzakawanda, akagadzirira kufungisisa achinja dzematongerwe uye nyika maonero vaoni. Pashure pakabudiswa 1936 firimu iri kuita hwemashiripiti muSoviet sekasi yasvika rudzi rakafuridzirwa uye nzara kubwinya vaduku Artists. Zviri panguva ino rakasvika yepamusoro zvinobatsira zvikuru rokutanga chigure Karandash (MN Rumyantsev), paiva vazhinji trapeze Artists Valentino uye Mihaila Volginyh, Mbeu varovi mwoyo wake unyanzvi walkers hama Svirina uye Pavel Tarasov. Tinogona zvakanaka kutaura kuti vari thirties uye forties zviri XX remakore sekasi Soviet kwakasimbiswa yayo yakasiyana uye nyore kucherechedzwa manyorerwo.

Hondo uye post-yehondo

Circus nhandare Anouya vemifananidzo pamusoro Genre unhu zvakadai nesimba uye kutsungirira, ushingi nokutsungirira zvinangwa. Vose akaratidza yakaoma yehondo ezvinhu. Marshal Chernyakhovsky kwete wotaura akarondedzera sekasi vaimbi vanhu simbi hunhu.

Soviet sekasi munguva Great Patriotic War, akatambudzika kukuvara kukuru. Somugumisiro Mabhomba, zvivako zvakawanda vakaparadzwa, asi kunyange mumakore yakaomesesa yehondo, hurumende yeSoviet akatora matanho kutsigira sekasi Arts.
Ivai vezvikepe, paratroopers, sappers, Gunners mwene munhandare. Pazuva hondo boka vatasvi, rinotungamirirwa M. Tuganova, pamwe nemabhiza wechipiri akatangawo vamabhiza Corps Dovatora. The vemifananidzo yasara akaramba zvesimba vane unyanzvi zvikwata, akapa konzati pamberi mutsetse uye madzoro muchipatara, panguva njanji dzemapurisa uye zvechiuto. Popular akanga akaita mauto uye vashandi satirical nhamba kuti akaratidza Soviet sekasi chigure Mihail Nikolaevich Rumyantsev (Pencil), Boris Vyatkin, Konstantin Berman.

Vakawanda vemifananidzo vakafa pamberi, uye vaya vakapukunyuka mumakore post-hondo, pamwe chete wechidiki mudonzvo vakatanga kudzorera uye kukudziridza sekasi Arts, vakabva vaziva zvakanaka munyika.