Social kudzidza dzidziso zvishoma. Author evanhu kudzidza dzidziso

Remakore rapfuura rakanga remakore parizvino zvepfungwa, izvozvo akabva vazhinji ano zvikoro wepfungwa iyi munyika dzokuMadokero. Social dzidziso pakudzidza akasikwa chete nhoroondo iyoyo. Pfungwa iyi ichiripo dzakakurumbira chaizvo munyika dzokuMadokero, tine zvakafanana kuRussia, kwete asi kwemashoko akazara pamusoro payo.

Funga izvi nyaya huru zvokudya dzidziso iyi uye nhoroondo yaro kukura.

Chii dzidziso iyi?

Maererano nepfungwa iyi, mwana, dzinowanikwa muchiedza, absorbs tsika, dzemunharaunda yokuzvibata uye netsika munzanga yaanogara. mashandiro Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa kudzidza chinokosha vana harisi chete unyanzvi maitiro, asiwo chaizvo ruzivo uyewo unyanzvi, tsika uye unyanzvi.

Cherechedzai masayendisiti dziridza dzidziso iyi, kudzidza urema vaibhadhara kutevedzera. Ivo, kurutivi rumwe ruoko, ndinzwirei akavimba behaviorism sechinhu dzenhoroondo yokuti kutsanangura zvinokonzera dzevanhu maitiro, uye, Ukuwo, psychoanalysis akasikwa Freud.

Chaizvoizvo, pfungwa iri basa kuti akazviratidza mumapeji makobvu zvedzidzo endangariro, akava mukurumbira kwazvo American muvanhu. Iye akatora mukuru mubereko sezvo enyika uyo akarota kuziva mitemo yevanhu maitiro uye kutarisira navo achishandisa vazhinji, uye vamiririri nemamwe ounyanzvi hwokugadzira: kubva rechiuto uye mapurisa kuti epamba.

Socialization sezvo nechepakati pfungwa pfungwa

Social kudzidza dzidziso chabatsira zvikuru ndechokuti pfungwa socialization, iyo inoreva kuitwa nemwana dzemunharaunda uye tsika munzanga yaanogara azova mukurumbira kwazvo mupfungwa uye pedagogical nesayenzi. Munzanga zvepfungwa, pfungwa socialization aiva centerpiece. Panguva iyoyowo Nyanzvi Western yakamuudza kwatangwa socialization (dzisingadzorwi ne vakuru mukufamba iyo mwana nevamwe vanoziva mashoko kuti akanga asina chaizvo kuudza vabereki vake Somuenzaniso, pamusoro zviri varare vanhu nguva dzose) uye centralized socialization (iyo masayendisiti kunzwisisa zvakananga dzidzo).

Kwakadaro kunzwisisa imwe dzidzo sechinhu zvikuru yakarongwa nedanho socialization, havana kuwana kunzwisisa pazvipfuwo pedagogy, saka chinzvimbo ichi vachiri nharo mune Russian pedagogical nesayenzi.

Social kudzidza dzidziso anoti socialization - vanzwisise akaenzana Chiitiko dzidzo, asi mune dzimwe psycho-pedagogical zvikoro kuWest vakagamuchira socialization nezvimwe Qualitative dudziro. Somuenzaniso, muna behaviorism, ndiko sevanhu social chokudzidza zvakananga pacharo, mu Gestalt zvepfungwa - Somugumisiro evanhu nekuita pakati vanhu humanistic zvepfungwa - somugumisiro nokuzvidzora actualization.

Nomunun'una dzidziso iyi?

Social pfungwa kudzidza, pfungwa dzinokosha kuti vakanga vachipisira nemasayendisiti pakutanga remakore rapfuura, akasikwa ari US uye Canadian mabasa vanyori vakadai A. Bandura, Skinner, R. Sears.

Zvisinei, kunyange vanachiremba izvi, wakadaro, munzira dzakawanda vaiona chikuru zvokudya dzidziso akasikwa navo.

Bandura vakadzidza dzidziso iyi Pakuurayiwa experimental kusvika. Pakazosvika muvambi dzakawanda kuedza akaratidza zvakananga kuwirirana pakati zviitiko zvakasiyana maitiro uye kutevedzera nevana vake.

Sears yave nguva nharo kuti mwana kwoupenyu hwake anoenda kuburikidza zvikamu zvitatu kutevedzera vakuru, okutanga inova akapfizuka, uye wechipiri maviri - vanoziva.

Skinner yakatanga dzidziso dzinonzi chisimbiso. Aidavira kuti kuitwa kuti muenzaniso itsva unhu mwana chaizvo nemhaka chisimbiso ichi.

Saka, hazvibviri kupindura mubvunzo uyo masayendisiti yakatanga dzidziso evanhu kudzidza, zvachose. Izvi zvaitwa wose boka remasayendisiti American uye Canadian. Gare gare, dzidziso iyi yava zvakakurumbira Europe.

Kuedza A. Bandura

Somuenzaniso, Bandura vaidavira kuti chinangwa mudzidzisi ndiye aifanira asike nemwana mutsva maitiro. Panguva iyoyo kuwana chinangwa ichi hazvigoni chete kushandisa tsika siyana dzidzo simba, zvakadai zvitendero, mubayiro kana kurangwa. Zvinoda vangasimudzira yakasiyana hurongwa unhu mudzidzisi. Vana takatarisa maitiro kune zvakunoreva kwavari, kuti munhu achava mukusaziva vanotevedzera manzwiro ake uye pfungwa, uye ipapo zvose ane coherent nzira.

Kutsigira dzidziso yake Bandura vakapfuudzira zvinotevera kuedza: akaunganidza mapoka akawanda vana uye akavaratidza mafirimu nedzimwe kugutsikana. Vana mafirimu vane hasha zano (utsinye pakupera firimu mubayiro) kana firimu kwavo zvitinakire matoyi kutevedzerwa zvechisimba. Vana mafirimu pamwe chete kugutsikana, asi utsinye akarangwa uyewo demonstratirovali raidudzwa ruvengo, asi uwandu zviduku. Vana vakatarisa mafirimu pasina chisimba kugutsikana haana kuratidza nayo kutamba kwavo pashure pokuona firimu.

Saka experimental zveBhaibheri vakaperekedza A. Bandura, akaratidza chikuru zvokudya mumagariro kudzidza dzidziso. Zvidzidzo izvi vakaratidza kwainge pakati kuona mafirimu siyana uye vana maitiro. Nokukurumidza, Bandura Zvatinopiwa zvave kuzivikanwa sezvo wechokwadi nzvimbo munyika zvesayenzi nyika.

Musimboti dzidziso Bandura

Author Social kudzidza dzidziso - Pandora - vaidavira kuti munhu ani dzinofanira kuzokurukurwa pavanoparidza kwake maitiro, magariro zvakatipoteredza, uye zvishande nzvimbo. In ake pfungwa, ndiyo ezvinhu zvinhu uye zvinokonzera predisposing sheedzera maitiro evanhu. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti vanhu pachavo anogona kuchinja nokungwaririra zvikuru maitiro ake, asi ichi zvikuru avo pachavo kunzwisisa zviitiko uye chido.

Nderake musayendisiti pfungwa yokuti vanhu vari vaviri chigadzirwa kwomunhu pachake maitiro, uyewo creators dzavo evanhu zvakatipoteredza, naizvozvo, maitiro ayo.

Kusiyana Skinner, Bandura hariratidzi kuti zvose kunobva kwokunze chisimbiso maitiro evanhu. Pashure pezvose, vanhu vanogona kwete kukopa womumwe maitiro, vachimuteya, uye verenga pamusoro siyana izvi mumabhuku kana kuona vari firimu, uye zvichingodaro.

Maererano Bandura, ipfungwa huru iri dzidziso mumagariro kudzidza ari kudzidza mabasa, vachiziva kana chavanoziva, izvo zvinotora pamusoro munhu wose anoberekerwa panyika kubva boka racho yake.

Panyaya iyi, musayendisiti akataura kuti maitiro evanhu hunodzorwa zvikurukuru nokuti kunzwisisa migumisiro yezviito zvavo. Kunyange matsotsi kuenda kutorera kubhangi anonzwisisa kuti mhedzisiro nezviito zvake aigona kuva refu mujeri, asi anoenda nezvenyaya iyi, tichitarisira kuti tichadzivisa Zvirango uye kuwana takunda hombe, iyo inotaurwa imwe mari mari. Saka kushanda kwendangariro dzevanhu kupa vanhu, kusiyana nemhuka, kukwanisa kutarisira zviito zvavo.

Basa wepfungwa R. Sears

Social kudzidza dzidziso akanga mudzidziso murugwaro chiremba wepfungwa R. Sears. The musayendisiti akafunga pfungwa imwe dyadic kuongorora pachake kukura. Vanachiremba vanoti mwana wacho unhu achiumbwa sezvo pamusana dyadic ukama. Zviri ukama pakati amai mwana, mwanasikana namai, mwanakomana nababa, mudzidzisi uye mudzidzi, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Panguva iyoyowo, masayendisiti vaidavira kuti mwana ari kukura wake sezvo inopfuura zvinhanho zvitatu titevedzere:

- wokugaya kutevedzera (ndepana vaduku panguva chavanoziva chechetere);

- chikuru kutevedzera (kutanga socialization rikurumidze mumhuri);

- yechipiri kurudziro vokunyepera (rinotanga hwomwana vapinde chikoro).

Chinonyanya kukosha maitikiro izvi, musayendisiti vaiona wechipiri, rakanga kwakabatana dzidzo mhuri.

Marudzi tinofanira unhu mwana (pa Sears)

Social kudzidza dzidziso (muchidimbu kunzi Pfungwa pakudzidza) nemabasa Sears anewo yavaive anoverengeka siyana muropa maitiro evana. inotungamirwa rwavo runotsamira ukama pakati mwana uye vakura (vabereki vake) mumakore oupenyu mwana vepakutanga.

Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

The fomu wokutanga. Negative nzeve. In chimiro ichi mwana ari kuedza kuti atambudzwe vakuru, nenzira ipi zvayo, kunyange kunaka.

The fomu rechipiri. Search yekusimbisa. Mwana inongogara kutsvaka kunyaradzwa vakura.

The fomu yechitatu. Positive nzeve. Search mwana kurumbidzwa kubva zvinokosha vakura.

Wechina pakuonekwa. Search chaiyo pedyo. Baby kunoda uchizvichenjerera kubva vakura.

The fomu wechishanu. kubata Search. The mwana inoda kugara mumuviri kutarisirwa, kuratidza rudo kuvabereki kurezva uye vagamuchire.

The musayendisiti vaidavira marudzi aya ose ngozi zvakakwana kuti vakanga kukurusa. Akanyevera vabereki kuomerera yendarama Zvichakadaro muna dzidzo uye haana kuenda Onai kuti izvi siyana muropa Maitiro mucheche akatanga kufambira mberi.

Concept B. Skinner

Social kudzidza dzidziso akanga mudzidziso mabasa Skinner. Kunyanya ayo yesayenzi yechokwadi ndiyo Chiitiko paiya inonzi chisimbiso. Anofunga kuti chisimbiso akaratidza kurudziro kana mubayiro, zvikurukuru zvinowedzera mukana wokuti kuitwa mwana akamupa muenzaniso yokuzvibata.

Vavabatsire musayendisiti runoparadzanisa mumapoka makuru maviri, conditionally kuchipa zvakanaka chisimbiso uye kunaka. Asiwo, iye anoona kuti zvakanaka kukanganisa mwana kukura, kuti kunaka - inoenda ndakundikana waro kukura uye anoumba magariro kutsauka (semuenzaniso, doro, chitandadzo, zvinodhaka, etc.).

Uyewo, maererano Skinner, kuti chisimbiso chingava chikuru (dzinongoitika dzokupisa, zvokudya, nezvimwewo) uye kwakajairika (zviratidzo rudo, mari, nezviratidzo hanya, uye zvichingodaro).

Panzira, Skinner Waitova anokumhan'arira ose chirango zviri zvokurera vana, vachifunga kuti vari zvachose inokuvadza, sezvo vari kuzviona chisimbiso.

Basa dzimwe masayendisiti

Social kudzidza dzidziso, zvishoma amutsvaka kumusoro, Wakanga uri mukati moupenyu mabasa nevamwe vanachiremba muUnited States neCanada.

Saka, musayendisiti George. Gevirts kudzidza zvinhu yokuberekwa mumagariro kukurudzira vana. The kwepfungwa rakagumisa kuti vavariro iyi wakasikwa nedanho nekuita pakati vakuru nevana uye kunoratidzwa kubva paucheche kare kuti vana kuseka kana kuchema, danidzirai, kana, Ukuwo, vazvibate murugare.

J. bhururu. Gevirtsa, American U. Bronfenbrenner, akabhadhara ngwariro chaiyo nyaya kukura munhu mumhuri uye akataurawo kuti mumagariro kudzidza kunoitika zvikurukuru pasi pokudzora vabereki.

Sezvo munyori dzidziso evanhu kudzidza, Bronfenbrenner akarondedzera akaongorora muudzame Chiitiko paiya inonzi zera-panguva iyoyo. Musimboti kwakanga ichi: vechidiki, achibva zvimwe mhuri havagoni kuwana pachavo muupenyu, havazivi zvavari kuita, uye vanonzwa vatorwa vamwe vose.

Nenyanzvi basa panhau akaratidza kuva akakurumbira zvikuru munezvimwe muvanhu. Zvikonzero ichi chokudzingwa Bronfenbrenner akadana kudiwa vanamai inopedzera yakawanda kure ake mumhuri uye vana basa, ndichifumomuka kurambana rates, kunoguma ndechokuti vana hadzikwanisi kutaurirana madzibaba avo, kushaya achitaura vabereki, chitandadzo vemumhuri Food panguva hwokugadzira tsika (TV, etc.) kuti kuchititadzisa nesungano pakati vakuru nevana, vasanyanye pamusoro intergenerational vokukurukura mukati mhuri yakakura.

Muchiitiko chino, Bronfenbrenner aidavira kuti sangano iri mhuri isakarurama kunokanganisa unhu vana, iyo inotungamirira kuzvibvisa zvavo kubva vomumhuri uye yose muvanhu.

Useful tafura: dzidziso dzokusimukira rekudzidza yokuti mumakore remakore

Saka, sezvo vaiona basa dzinoverengeka masayendisiti, tinogona kugumisa kuti dzidziso iyi, iyo akasimuka pakutanga remakore rapfuura, yasvika nguva refu ayo inotungamirwa, muchifumiswa nemasayendisiti akawanda.

Izwi yakatanga muna 1969 mune zvakanyorwa Canadian Albert Bandura, asi dzidziso pachayo wakaunganidza ayo RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA nemagadzirirwo mabasa musayendisiti uye vateveri vake pfungwa.

Kushanduka evanhu kudzidza dzidziso, rinonziwo socio-zvishande inoti chinhu chinokosha muupenyu muenzaniso unhu vanhu vakamupoteredza.

Chimwe chinhu chinokosha rokuti pfungwa ichi chakava kutanga kuzvidzora. Munhu anogona kuchinja maitiro avo kuda. Uyezve, unogona vaunze mupfungwa dzako mufananidzo achida ramangwana uye kuita zvose kuti hope dzake riitike. Vanhu kunyimwa chinangwa chavo muupenyu, kuva nepfungwa isina kujeka pamusoro ramangwana ravo (ava kunzi "akayangarara pasi kurwizi"), vakarasika zvikuru sezvo zvichienzaniswa vanhu vaya vakasarudza nzira vachida kuona pachavo kuburikidza kwemakore uye emakore. Chimwe chinetso zastragivayut mumabasa ake kusanganisira vatsigiri pfungwa iyi: chii kana chinangwa haagoni kuva kuunza upenyu?

Zvechokwadi, muchiitiko ichi, kuti munhu ane mwoyo kutsva muupenyu, izvo zvingaita kuti mwoyo uye kuda kuzviuraya.

Up: chii chakaita pfungwa itsva iyi zvesayenzi?

KuMadokero, dzidziso inoramba mumwe akakurumbira dzidziso unhu kukura. On makanyorwa zvizhinji mabhuku, dzesayenzi mabasa vanodzivirirwa, filmed mafirimu.

mumiririri nomumwe dzidziso evanhu kudzidza - musayendisiti ine guru vakaziva munyika sayenzi. By panzira dzakawanda mabhuku dzakakurumbira pamusoro zvepfungwa, dzidziso iyi rinoshandiswa kana chose kana chikamu. Panyaya iyi zvakakodzera kuyeuka akakurumbira bhuku kamwe wepfungwa Dale Carnegie, uyo vakapiwa nyore mazano sei kuhwina muchifarira vanhu. Mubhuku rino, munyori akavimba mabasa vamiririri dzidziso taidzidza.

Misimboti basa kwete chete nevana asi vakura yambokurukurwa pahwaro dzidziso iyi. Zvichiri inobva mukurovedza emauto, vashandi zvokurapa, vadzidzisi.

Vanachiremba, achitaura nyaya ukama hwemhuri uye kurayira vakaroorana kushandisa zvinokosha pfungwa.

Munyori wokutanga munzanga kudzidza dzidziso (Bandura ndiye) akaita zvakawanda kuti researches ake kwesayenzi zvaigara kudaro. Zvechokwadi, nhasi zita musayendisiti anozivikanwa pasi rose, uye ayo Pfungwa kunobatanidzwa mabhuku ose ari evanhu kwepfungwa!