Manganese mhangura: zvangu, migodhi. Matura manganese esimbi munyika

Manganese mhangura - a chicherwa zvicherwa. Ivo zvisingapindirani inokosha maindasitiri uye zvoupfumi ukoshi. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvicherwa akadai Brown, rhodonite, rhodochrosite, bustamite, pyrolusite, manganite uye nevamwe. Manganese ores vanowanikwa mumakondinendi ose (kune vari kusanganisira munharaunda yacho Russian Federation).

nyika mumatanda

To musi, manganese mhangura inowanikwa munyika 56. Vazhinji deposits vari Africa (anenge 2/3). Total manganese mhangura reserves munyika, maererano yokungotaura Masvomhu, uwandu kuna bhiriyoni 21 matani (yakasimbiswa mabhiriyoni 5). Vanopfuura 90% kwavo stratiform deposits - deposits chokuita sedimentary matombo. Other chokuita weathering goko uye hydrothermal Inopa.

95% matanda anazvo nenyika 11 - Ukraine, South Africa, Gabon, Kazakhstan, Australia, Georgia, Brazil, Russia, China, India uye Bulgaria. Pasinei chokwadi kuti China kunaka yepanyama esimbi achiri pasi, China anoonekwa mutungamiri kugadzirwa ekisipoti esimbi. Uyezve, inopa vakawanda zvicherwa zvinobva izvi mbishi zvinhu.

zoning

World Kugadzirwa manganese esimbi zvakasiyana zoning. Somuenzaniso, chikuru mbishi zvinhu oxide iri yakaiswa chete kumahombekombe dzine ivhu uye sandstones zvakafanana. Kubva mumakungwa uye nyanza, muri carbonate mhangura. Izvi zvinosanganisira karusiyamu rhodochrosite, rhodochrosite uye manganocalcite. mhangura manganese kwakadaro rinoungana kumatunhu pamwe mumidziyo uye That. Rumwe rudzi deposits - metamorphosed. zvimbambaira izvi anowanzoramba kuti India.

Dangwe mhangura

Uyewo mamwe manyuko zvicherwa, manganese mhangura munyika dzakaumbwa zvakasiyana chaizvo nguva Kugadzirwa goko yedu. Ivo akazviratidza muna Precambrian uye Cenozoic yaitonga. Vamwe nodules pamusoro penyanza pasi uye kuunganidza nanhasi.

Mumwe mukuru vaiona simbi Brazilian quartzites uye Indian gondity, yakabuda Precambrian metallogenic ichikosha pamwe geosynclinal idzodzo. Munguva imwe chete paiva Ghana Manganese mhangura (zvangu nsutite-Dagvino) uye South Africa (kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva Kalahari Desert). mumatanda Small of Early Paleozoic Era ndiye muUnited States, China uye Russia kumabvazuva. China guru dhipoziti iri nguva anonzi Shanvutu muna Hunan Province. Manganese mhangura mined kuRussia dziri kuFar East (mu pamakomo Muduku Hinggan) uye Kuznetsky Alatau.

Late Paleolithic uye Cenozoic

Manganese mhangura Late Paleozoic nguva hunhu Central Kazakhstan, apo vaviri huru deposits vari dzakabudirira - Ushkatyn-W uye Dzhezdinskoe. zvicherwa Key - Brown hausmannite, hematite, manganite, uye pyromorphite psilomelane. Late Cretaceous uye Jurassic volcanism nokuda kwounyanzvi manganese mhangura muna Trans-Baikal nharaunda, kuCaucasus, New Zealand uye mahombekombe North America. Kudeuka dhipoziti nguva iyi Groote Island rakaonekwa muna 1960. muAustralia.

The Cenozoic yaitonga yakanga yakasiyana nedzimwe pamwero kuunganidza manganese esimbi iri kumaodzanyemba East European Platform (Mangyshlanskoe, Chiatura mubhangi Nikopol dziva). Zvadaro manganese mhangura ikoko uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo panyika. In Bulgaria Obrochishte dhipoziti kuumbwa, uye muna Gabon - Moanda. Vose vari inozivikanwa mineralized jecha uye ivhu deposits. Zvicherwa varipo muchimiro oolites, nodules, masumbu uye ndewevhu concretions. Chimwe padziva manganese esimbi (Ural) akaonekwa Tertiary munguva. It Anotambanudza 300 makiromita. rukoko urwu manganese ores inokwana 1 kusvika 3 metres chinofukidza dzakatenuka kumabvazuva Makomo Ural.

mhangura mhando

Kune mhando dzakawanda nemagene pamusoro deposits ose manganese ores volcanogenic-sedimentary, sedimentary, metamorphogenic uye weathering. Pakubhadhara izvi zvina zvakajeka anomira panze anokosha kuti upfumi hwenyika. Tiri kutaura sedimentary deposits. Vari pfungwa kumativi 80% matanda ose manganese esimbi munyika.

Most pamwero mukuru deposits vakaumba ari the lagoon uye kumahombekombe-zvomumvura nembiya. Izvi rechiGeorgian Chiatura zvangu, Kazakhstan Mangystau, Bulgarian Obrochishte. Uyewo, avo guru saizi akasiyana wokuUkraine Nikopol dziva. minda yayo inobereka mhangura-akatambanudza pamwe penzizi Ingulets uye Dnepr. maguta pedyo - Zaporozhye uye Nikopol. Pool chinhu elongated kanyika ane makubhiti 5 makiromita uye 250 makiromita refu. Plast - iri jecha nevhu rongedza pamwe lenses, concretions. Manganese mhangura, mapikicha izvo unogona kuona munyaya, anovata ari kudzika 100 metres.

Underwater uye kuputika deposits

Manganese mhangura mined kwete chete panyika asiwo pasi pemvura. Vanoita kudaro vainyanya United States uye Japan, izvo havana reserves guru munzvimbo "pakaoma". Yemanyorero yakagadzirwa pemvura zvangu manganese mhangura iri kudzika 5 makiromita.

Chimwe mhando idzodzo - kuputika. For deposits izvi vanoonekwa ne kukurukura ferruginous uye carbonate matombo. The mhangura miviri kazhinji ndivo nokukurumidza pinches kunze isiri lenses, akaturikidzana nenyemba. Ivo rinoumbwa carbonates, simbi uye manganese. Power miviri mhangura yakadaro kubva 1 kusvika 10 mamita. By kuputika-sedimentary mhando muri deposits of Kazakhstan uye Russia (Il-Niliyskoe uye Primagnitogorskoe). Ndirwowo mhangura Salair Ridge (siliceous porphyry-inotungamirwa).

Weathering goko uye mhangura metamorphogenic

Field weathering crusts inoumbwa ne manyowa kubva manganese esimbi. Nyanzvi akataurawo zvakafanana kuwanda heti. Kunobereka kwakadai muna Brazil, India, Venezuela, Australia, South Africa uye Canada. ores izvi zvinosanganisira vernadite psilomelane uye pyrolusite. Vari inoumbwa ne oxidation kuti rhodonite uye rhodochrosite manganocalcite.

Metamorphogenic ores akaumba panguva kuonana kana remunharaunda metamorphism ine matombo uye sedimentary manganese ores. Saka ipapo rhodonite uye bustamite. Muenzaniso deposits dzakadaro - Karsakpay muna Kazakhstan.

deposits Russian pamusoro manganese ores

Urals - chikuru Manganese mhangura mugodhi mudunhu Russia. Industrial deposits kuti bhandi dombo zvinogona kunzi nezvemarudzi maviri: kuputika uye sedimentary. Ekupedzisira dziri mune Ordovician sediments. boka iri zvinosanganisira Chuvalskaya boka iri Perm mudunhu. Chaizvo kusiyana Parnoksky dhipoziti kwake Komi. It rakaonekwa muna 1987 neboka Geological rwendo kubva kuVorkuta. The dhipoziti iri pamapani pakati ari Polar Urals, 70? Km kubva Inta. inotungamirwa ichi riri pamuganhu pakati shales uye reraimu. It akataura anoverengeka inokosha mineralized nzvimbo: Pachvozhsky, Magnetic, Far uye East.

Sezvo dzimwe minda iyi mhando mumunda Parnoksky kupfuura carbonate, uye manganese oxidized matombo. Vari dzinoratidzwa ruomba kana shava ruvara uye anoumbwa rhodonite uye rhodochrosite. Padanho manganese mavari - vanenge 24%.

upfumi Urals

Tichishandisa havaratidzi kunzwisisa Upper Chuvalskie deposits riri Perm mudunhu. Okumusoro nhanho ari oxidation mapazi mavari dzakabudirira mashava uye dema simbi-manganese mhangura. Kumabvazuva yakatenuka Ural zvakafanana sedimentary deposits (Kipchak kuChelyabinsk nharaunda, Akkerman muna Orenburg). Development kwakatanga okupedzisira nguva Mukuru Patriotic War.

At makumi manomwe chete kubva guru Bashkortostan, Ufa guta, ndiye Upper sedimentary dhipoziti ulu Telyak. manganese reraimu iri pano iine chiedza mashava. Kumboda zvinhu ichi detrital yakaumbwa pashure pokuparadzwa zvikuru ores. It rinoumbwa vernadite, chalcedony uye psilomelane.

Muna Sverdlovsk nharaunda dziri Paleogene sedimentary deposits. Pano anomira yakakura North-Ural dhishi, kuripa anenge 300 makiromita. Ane zvikuru manganese esimbi guru yakaonekwa kuti ndeyechokwadi reserves mudunhu. Pool zvinosanganisira minda namashanu. Remasangano navo - asi Catherine, Yuzhno-Berezovsky, New Berezovsky Berezovsky Yurkinskoe, Marsyatskoe, Ivdelsky, Lozvinskoe, Tyninskoe. reservoirs Local vavete sand, That, sand, silts uye gravels.