Mushroom - chiri mhuka kana chirimwa?

zvisikwa izvi zvakasikwa vakajaira kwatiri kubva pauduku. Munhu wose anoziva nezvebasa notumwe kwevanhu kunovaka muviri, iri kugadzirwa zvimwe zvinogadzirwa zvokudya (semuenzaniso, yogati, chingwa, chizi, waini), pakusika zvinodhaka-mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Asi vanhu vazhinji mubvunzo "Mushroom - ndiwo muti kana mhuka, mumwe muchero kana muriwo," zvichida kupindura achiri kuungudza kurudyi. Asi kana zvesayenzi bhotani kumubvunzo uyu achasarudza kudaro kare, chii kutaura zvavo vagari?

mycology

Pfungwa howa, sezvo yoga chidimbu Wildlife, akaumba chete 70s remakore rapfuura. Howa sokuva umambo zvakasikwa kubatanidza zvipenyu ane zvinhu zvose zvinomera nemhuka (chaizvoizvo, howa - ichi uye kuti, uye mumwe). bhotani chikamu - A kudzidza nesayenzi zvisikwa izvi vakaramba mycology nesayenzi.

kusiyana

Umambo howa riri siyana chaizvo - chaivo uye zvakatipoteredza. Utachiona uhwu vava chinokosha uye chinokosha vamwe zvakatipoteredza hurongwa, mvura uye ivhu. Maererano nokufungidzira siyana, mycology nyanzvi, nyika pane pakati 100,000 uye 1.5 miriyoni marudzi chezvisikwa izvi. Howa makirasi (sezvo ra2008), paiva 36, uye mhuri - 560.

Howa zvakasikwa

Basa zvipenyu izvi munyika zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ezvinhu Nyika. notumwe zhinji exchange makemikari nyaya kupinda inorganic, vachiita chaizvoizvo kugova pamusoro Organic masero akafa. A chirimwa, akavapindurawo, kuziva munhu symbiosis pamwe notumwe zvokudya pamusoro zvibereko zvavo anokosha. Kushamwaridzana notumwe uye yepamusoro zvinomera uye algae, uye tumbuyu, uye mhuka. Saka ruminants, howa - chinokosha uye chakafanira kuti kugayiwa chirimwa zvokudya.

Basa muupenyu hwevanhu

Kubvira kare, kuti chakuvhe - ndiko, pakutanga kwezvose, tsime zvokudya vamwe vanhu. Anozivikanwa mashoko akanyorwa pamusoro pokushandiswa notumwe makore zviuru zvishanu akapfuura (asi, zvirokwazvo, havana kuparadzwa ari kudya kunyange cavemen). Nekuti notumwe varipo mune zvakasiyana niches zvakasikwa - uye pamusoro mvura, panyika uye mumhepo - pasina kwavari hazvina kukwanisa uye kugadzirira zvimwe zvokudya. Zvimwe mhando chizi, yogati, mbiriso chingwa, doro, waini - zvigadzirwa izvi zvaiva chete nokuda rinokosha basa zvipenyu izvi. Munyika yanhasi howa - zviri zvakare yakatsvuka mashoko pagadzirwe zvimwe zvinodhaka (nemishonga), vanouraya utachiona kuti vanobatsira pakurapa kare zvinouraya akafanana nemabayo.

Kubereka uye dispersal

In notumwe rakanyatsojeka inoshanda, akasikwa pachisikirwo, nzira kubereka. Fungal Spores zvichida mumwe kana akawanda masero ane nemaziso saizi (1 kusvika 100 microns). Masero aya ane shoma zvinhu zvokudya, uye kashoma vapone. Asi kana vakati kupinda tsika uye kutsigira mamiriro ezvinhu, hunovambira, ichabereka mycelium itsva. The pasi wokurarama iri ndanyarara hangu pachisikigo guru uwandu makakatanwa. Saka howa sorwonzi svikiro saizi inoumba spores mabhiriyoni 30 uye howa - kusvika 40! Pane fungal spores asexual uye zvepabonde kubereka, achiita zvakasiyana Unoshanda chaizvoizvo ari chakuvhe upenyu. Chokutanga - nokuti vakawanda Resettlement mumwaka wokukura. Yechipiri - kuumba-siyana mwana.

Kefir chakuvhe

Chaizvoizvo, hazvina chete, asi boka rose zvipenyu zvakasiyana. Sezvineiwo, Kefir chakuvhe (zvimwe aizivikanwa Tibetan kana mukaka) inomiririra symbiosis tusingaoneki akasiyana kwemarudzi akaumba mukufamba kukura refu. zvisikwa izvi vari saka kujairana upenyu pamwe chete kuti azviite chete uye indivisible muviri. A chena kana yellowish hwaro kefir notumwe zvakananga sourness vanoumba mbiriso uye streptococci (lactic iine acid bacillus), izvo kuona muviri ukoshi hwayo uye vanobatsirwa vanhu muviri. Kazhinji, munhu Zvinoumba symbiosis ichi anopfuura 10, uye tupukanana tusingaoneki siyana izvo kukura uye muwande pamwechete, kusanganisira acetic asidhi utachiona. Saka, mugumisiro kukwanisa vararame Nzanga zvipenyu zvinogona kunzi lactic asidhi zvigadzirwa uye inogadzirwa doro chinovira panguva imwe chete. In Tibetan vakawana kefir zvinosanganisira lactic acid, uye doro, uye carbon dioxide, uye makemikari, izvo zvinopa inokosha mavambo uye palatability (kuwedzera kushandisa nguva kushandiswa).

History of mushroom kefir

Rine anopfuura rimwe remakore. Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, Kefir chakuvhe yave kuzivikanwa zviuru akawanda. Monks, acidify mukaka mu chaiyo hari yevhu, takacherechedza kuti JuJu Coins nenzira dzakasiyana. Saka zvakanzi yakawanikwa uye cultured kefir howa. Nokufamba kwenguva, vanhu Tibetan mamongi vakadzidza kuti chigadzirwa kwakadaro yaunganidzwa co-chinovira uye kushanda mhando dzakawanda zvigare, ane zvakanaka zvainoita nhengo dzomuviri womunhu pamwe nokugara kushandiswa, achisimbisa uye kuvakazve. Chiropa uye dumbu, rwatata uye mwoyo vainzwa kukuru! Kubvira kare, Tibetan uye kubata zvirwere zvizhinji yogati, uchishandisa kazhinji sechinhu prophylactic.