Mitumbi Small mukati muchitokisi cytoplasm. The zita, mhando uye rwendo

Nhasi tichasangana kudzidza sei inonzi mitumbi diki mukati muchitokisi cytoplasm. Nesuwo kukupa kusimbisa chinangwa chavo uye mhuka. Saka, nzombe duku, anowanikwa cytoplasm masero, akadana plastids. Ndivo chinokosha zvikamu muchitokisi. Plastids zvinokosha zvikuru, basa ravo hakuna kumboderera pane mamwe masero organelles.

Panyaya muchitokisi, ndiko STRUCTURAL chairema zvose dzinoitwa isu. Zvinhu zvose zvipenyu, uye munhu pachake - a "akagadzira" akasika pamwe masero. Vari vashomashoma, pamwe kupfeka ziso ivo funga hazviiti. The kuziva yokutanga muchitokisi uye ayo organelles zvinoitika achiri chesekondari, apo vadzidzi vanokokwa kekutanga kushanda pamwe maikorosikopu. Saka, tinofanira kuenda hwatine nyaya.

plastids

Isu kare akati okusuma kuti vaduku mitumbi mukati cytoplasm kwamakamuri, kuti plastids nayo. Ndivo organelles inokosha kwazvo mupudzi muchitokisi. Vanogona kuwanika autotrophic zvirimwa. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti plastids vari:

• DNA;
• RNA;
• mapatani kuti mapuroteni usage.

Pachishandiswa zvataurwa, tinogona kusiyanisa inokosha mashandiro plastids. Predictably, mumwe kwetunhu Organic zvinhu. With Panyaya mhando ndedzinotevera:

• chloroplasts;
• chromoplasts;
• leucoplasts;
• chromatophores (algae).

Vose vane chinangwa chakasiyana uye ruvara, sezvo mumwe chimiro iine chaiyo ruvara pachavo. Ngativandirei kugadzira uye kuita pfupi mhedziso; mitumbi diki mukati cytoplasm muchitokisi - plastids. Vose vane kunzwisisa marongerwo uye rakakamurwa makirasi mana (mu ruvara uye kushanda). The chikuru basa nechimwe mhando - munhu kwetunhu Organic zvinhu.

chloroplasts

Green duku miviri mukati cytoplasm masero - nayo chloroplasts. ruvara kwavo kunobva chlorophyll, ruvara rwacho chipo iri plastid. Mumwe inonzi carotenoid ruvara yakaruma orenji ruvara. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kukura kwavo vari vashomashoma, pamusoro hwaro ichi, chloroplasts muchitokisi jira kunogona kupfuura makumi maviri. Isu akataura kuti algae vane plastids akadana chromatophores, uye naizvozvo, vari kuzivikanwa kwavo hombe saizi, vari Sedendere kunogona 2 chete.

Pano tinofanira kucherechedza chikuru kushanda chloroplasts randinogara kuita photosynthesis.

chromoplasts

Saka, nzombe duku, anowanikwa cytoplasm masero, akadana plastids. Tava kuziva huru marudzi zvino kupa kumboongorora chromoplasts. Vanogona kuva mavara akawanda:

• shora;
• orenji;
• dzvuku.

Tinogona kuwana kwete chete mashizha, asi muchero kana petals. Chromoplasts Chimiro hapana vakasiyana maumbirwo mamwe plastids. Chizvaro unotora munhu puroteni nechigadziko, DNA uye pigments.

The chikuru basa - iri vasaonekwa zvipembenene mhuka kuti vadye muchero, sezvo michero chromoplasts dhayi uye maruva namavara dzinopenya.

leucoplasts

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti plastids anogona kuchinja chimiro mumwe. Saka, leucoplast - imwe mhando baba chloroplasts. Chokwadi tine miriwo kumba. Kana vane murombo chiedza, namashizha ruvara chava nani tsvuku. Izvi imhaka yokuti masero zvinomera izvi chipo leucoplasts. Kana akaisa chirimwa kuchiedza, ipapo leucoplasts dzikwanise chloroplasts, ipapo muti achava mupfumi mitema ruvara.