Electrical capacitance

The conductors maviri, izvo insulated kubva nemumwe uye akaisa pedyo vaumbe capacitor.

The conductors achiumba capacitor mutariri vakaenzana nokukura uye pakatarisana mhosva.

Zvinowanzoshandiswa Tsika munhu sandara capacitor rinoumbwa mbiri dzakafanana edare vakaparadzana ne dielectric rukoko. Kure pakati mahwendefa ishoma zvichienzaniswa kukura kwavo. The capacitor Mahwendefa vanonzi mahwendefa ane capacitor.

Kubhadharisa ndiro wakaenzana pakatarisana mhosva, zvinokwanisika kuisa navo matanda magetsi muchina. Zvadaro musi ndiro rimwe anoenda kunaka mutariri panorumwe - mhosva akanaka.

Unogona batanidza chimwe kwamahwendefa pamwe danda motokari uye mumwe pasi; asi kune rumwe bwendefa kubudikidza induction simuka mutariri, vakaenzana nokukura uye pakatarisana ari chiratidzo mhosva wokutanga ndiro. Kana mundiro nokuchengeta iri zvakanaka, kubudikidza induction ndiro mune zvakaipa vatariri; zvakanaka mutariri ari neutralized kubudikidza maerekitironi iri ndiro, pritekshimi panguva pasi ndiro riri kushanda hariperi tsime pavo. Mwoyo chokwadi mhosva hwendefa A, akaipa nokuchengeta vachange iri romukati pose ndiro akatarirana A.

Kana ndiro A iri isakarurama mhosva, vewakasununguka maerekitironi vanosemburwa kubva mundiro iri ndiro A, uye mupinde pasi ndiro The Saka chokwadi mhosva.

Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, mhosva dziri pfungwa chete pamusoro wezvikamu rakatarira hukawanika A uye B.

Kusavapo mhosva pamusoro rokunze hukawanika zvinoita kuti zvachose uchatamisa kuburikidza dzokunze mativi kwamahwendefa capacitor mhosva. Nokubatira capacitor vagara vandifungira mhosva mumwe ndiro yayo, sezvo pane kupomera vakaenzana kukura kune imwe kubudikidza induction.

Join ndiro rimwe capacitor neshamhu electrometer, uye mumwe mundiro uye dzimba electrometer makateyiwa. Uchishandisa vachiongorora bead achapfuura sequentially capacitor mutariri migove yakaenzana. Tinoona kuti nokuwedzera basa iri 2, 3, 4 kana kakawanda, ukuwo, 2, 3, 4 nguva kana kupfuura kunowedzera mukana musiyano pakati capacitor.

kukosha ichi, icho kunoonekwa nhamba vebasa capacitor kuti dzingangoitika musiyano pakati ndiro yayo (kana ndiro) ndiro capacitance yacho capacitor.

Anoratidza nayo netsamba C, unogona kunyora:

C = Q / (φ1 - φ2).

The yemagetsi munda pakati capacitor ndiro substantially hwakavakirwa mairi, saka muviri wayo akarikomberedza havana kukanganisa capacitance yacho capacitor.

Kuedza Zvaiitirwa. Tora bwendefa capacitor inoumbwa maviri ndiro simbi A uye B, vasimbiswa pamusoro insulators.

Anobatana electrometer ndiro A ndiro sezvo ari makateyiwa. A nokuchengeta ndiro, sezvamakaropafadzwa electrometer chiratidzo vamwe zvinogona kusiyana pamusoro capacitor. Kana Zoom hwendefa B kuti A, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zvinogona musiyano ndiro kunoderedza.

Kudzikira zvinogona musiyano pakati capacitor mahwendefa ane dzose nokuchengeta inoratidza kuwedzera pakukwanisa kwayo.

Saka planar capacitor kuchapfuura kure pakati mahwendefa idukusa zvichidzika pane pakukora ari dielectric akanyudzwa pakati kwamahwendefa.

In ochinja ndiro hama kuti ndiro A kumusoro uye pasi, isu ichachinja nzvimbo kwamahwendefa, muri vashanduri pindana. Nepo vachichengeta kuverengwa pakati electrometer, zvinogona tsunga kuti yakakura nharaunda pindana mahwendefa yacho capacitor, zvikuru pakukwanisa kwayo. The yakakura nzvimbo yacho capacitor mahwendefa, chikuru vebasa anogona kungotaura pamusoro pavo panguva iyi ruenzano potentials.

Ngatiitei chimwe chakaitwa. Kuronga izvi capacitor ndiro A uye B dzimwe kure nomumwe nomumwe, uye ndiro nokuchengeta.

Ona kwakakura dzingangoitika musiyano apo mhepo anoita somunhu dielectric. Zvino uise girazi pepa pakati mahwendefa, kana mumwe insulator; tichaona kuti izvi zvinogona musiyano ipfupi. Kuti uchaimutsa ayo dzekare pamwero, zvakakodzera kuwedzera mundiro nokuchengeta. Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti yokutsiva dzedenga rukoko pakati mahwendefa ane capacitor zvimwe dielectric kunowedzera pakukwanisa kwayo.

Regai S₀ - capacitance capacitor, kana chinhu pakati ndiro dzayo kana mhepo, uye C - pakukwanisa kwayo pamwe kushandisa dielectric.

Kupatsanura C uye S₀, tinowana permittivity dielectric ԑ:

ԑ = C / S₀.

Nokudaro, yakakura permittivity ari dielectric, iyo yakakura yemagetsi capacitance yacho capacitor.