Chii siyana kwemarudzi iri zvipenyu: tsananguro. Sechivako mhando dzakasiyana

Vamiriri chero zvipenyu taxon anogona kugadzirisa chete neimwe nzvimbo nyika kana gungwa. Nzvimbo iyi inonzi siyana kwemarudzi, genus, mhuri chero zvinenge.

Chii siyana kwemarudzi vari zvipenyu. tsananguro

Izvi nzvimbo chaicho kwenyika yacho, kana nyika kumakungwa, kwenguva refu nguva iyo inogarwa nevanhu kwezvimwe. Sayenzi kuti vanodzidza nzvimbo inonzi arealogiya. Rinoreva kuti biogeologii mazita nekuti Inosanganisira taxonomic mapoka zvipenyu uye dzavo nzvimbo.

Pasinei nokuti pfungwa anorondedzera chete mhando, vatsvakurudzi vari kusora nharaunda dzinogarisana vemimwe taxonomic akadai genera, mhuri kana subspecies. Of taxa izvi rinokosha iri reDare subspecies anoda kubatsira nokuti vanogona kupa mufananidzo yakajeka shanduka zvinhu munharaunda. Naizvozvo, kuwanda kwemarudzi chiyero shanduka.

Chii chakasiyana pfungwa yacho nzvimbo yacho?

Location - pfungwa pamepu, iro akawana vamiririri ane rudzi. Nokusimbisa itsva ndezvokuti nguva dzose pachena herbarium chirimwa, apo iye akasaina kutungamirirwa Kunyatsozadzika kukura. Location mhuka kazhinji anorondedzera, pashure iyo pfungwa dziri vakarangana pamepu mhando siyana uye kudzidza.

Chii siyana kwemarudzi? Izvi chaizvoizvo chine nzvimbo chete kwemarudzi / subspecies Zvirimwa uye mhuka. Kana nzvimbo idzi pedyo kana kwete. Chero zvazvingava, vanoratidza vakawanda mufananidzo kupararira zvipenyu.

3 howa siyana mepu

Zvichienderana sei zvakarurama unofanira kutsanangura siyana kwemarudzi, achishandisa mhando nhatu makadhi:

1. Spot mepu. Zvinonzi nguva dzose aishanda ari muchimiro Dots duku nzvimbo nevanhu kwemarudzi.

2. tira-gandiwa mepu. Rinotaurawo vakashandisa inokosha mhando dzinogarisana, asi kunze kuti rinokomberedza zvikuru pfungwa pamepu. Somugumisiro, tinoona nharaunda mukati iyo vakarondedzera nzvimbo kuparadzirwa nemhuka.

3. Contour-chipitipiti kadhi. kadhi ichi ndicho chiduku yakarurama. Zvinonzi dzinoratidzwa dzakananga nharaunda iri nechepadivi chose pamusoro shtrishkami.

Ndizvo zvakaita siyana kwemarudzi uye sei anogona kupiwa.

mhando nzvimbo

Zvichienderana sei nzvimbo iri munyika kana mugungwa, zvinogona makuru kana madiki, yakamanikana kana rakapamhamha, chinopfuurira kana discontinuous. Mumwe nomumwe maitiro aya dzinogona kubatanidzwa nevamwe. Somuenzaniso, zvakawanda nzvimbo rarira uye inoratidza, uye kangaruru - duku, yakatetepa, asi zvakasimba.

Solid neeSultan akakamurwa subtypes. Pakati pavo vane:

1. zoster. Izvi mhando tunogara kwese kuti vazhinji nemhuri uye genera. Anotambanudza achifamba Latitude, wose urefu nyika uye kazhinji anotora yekutenga kure.

2. Oval nzvimbo, nekusiyana, rakareba Meridian. Izvi mhando bhandi anogara yakaganhurirwa hunhu. Oval nzvimbo dzine marudzi zvipenyu zvakawanda, uye dzimwe genera / mhuri.

3. Circumpolar. dzakadaro hwaibatanidza polar zvikamu.

4. Penyai kana masa, - nzvimbo kwemashifiti chimiro, aine muzvizhinji pamusoro convolutions, mapazi uye hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka pamepu.

Uyewo inoratidza nzvimbo dziri rakakamurwa subtypes:

1. Disjunctive (kubvaruka) neeSultan. Izvi mhando kunoratidzwa maviri kana kupfuura mashoko munzvimbo imwe uye zvakafanana mhando, izvo dziri kure nomumwe. Somuenzaniso, mumwe zvikamu kwenzvimbo angave Europe, uye mumwe - mu America.

2. Point nzvimbo. peculiarity yavo ndechokuti vauye pamwe vakawanda munzvimbo duku zvipenyu ichi mhiri kunyika kana gungwa ndima.

3. Belt nzvimbo. Dzinomirira chinoramba nharaunda, zvabvamburwa mumarenje, mumipata, anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri gomo.

Sechivako mhando kwaasingasvikiri. Sei anofanira miganhu yacho?

Chii siyana kwemarudzi uye miganhu yayo? Sechivako kuwanda anoenderana zvinhu zvakawanda. Zvichienderana simba ravo pamepu kunobereka siyana muganhu ndima dzinogarisana mhando. Zvikonzero zvipi akaumba pamuganhu nzvimbo? Sei vasina zvikukutu uye kwete akatambanudza pamusoro penyika yose ndima?

1. muganhu Climatic. Zvakadai abiotic zvinhu sezvo aibuda chiedza, mwando, salinity, ivhu akafanana, zvinogona kukanganisa zvikuru kuparadzira mhuka. Vamwe Utachiona hunokwanisa kuti ezvinhu akadaro umo vamwe nyore kufa.

2. muganhu safambika. miganhu vakadaro kuumbwa nokuti kuti vanhu kwezvimwe kunogona kukurira chero chipingamupinyi. Zvingava makomo, inowanzorimwa, achinaya mvura, mumarenje, hombe mitumbi mvura, etc. Also zvaisanganisira muri zvakagadzirwa nevanhu.

3. muganhu Biotic. Chinetso makwikwi mhuka uye zvinomera munyika hwagara akamira nechekumberi. The muviri haagoni kurarama uye dzinoberekera munharaunda apo pane zvinogona vavengi. Naizvozvo, dzimwe mhando tichidzivisa vamwe, nokudaro achiumba muganhu pakati neeSultan kuti vamiririri mapoka maviri.

Zvinhu vanoumba nharaunda

Chii nharaunda zvipenyu, zviri ikozvino pachena, asi sei kuumbwa? Zvii pave ichi?

Wokutanga uye kukosha - ndiwo mano nemhuka kuwanikwa chete munzvimbo dziri yakakodzera chokuvapo kwavo. Somuenzaniso, hangaiwa haagoni kurarama panguva North Pole, asi vari zvakakwana kujairana dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda. Zvose zvinoenderana amplitude pakati zvakatipoteredza chinhu, uyewo kukwanisa rakapararira. Saka, nemhaka mapapiro tupukanana kugona zvinenge makona ose nyika, asi nzvimbo yacho earthworm huduku zvikuru.

mamiriro ano kwezvakatipoteredza ndivo chinhu chechipiri. More uye zvakawanda pamusoro upenyu zvipenyu sei munhu zvinhu. Munhu anogona kubatsira uye kuponesa marudzi, uye inogona kushatisa zvisikwa, kuti ariparadze, kuwana kupfuma huni, ores, Tourism.

Usakanganwa pamusoro zvakasikwa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kana nekusiyana, kuti kuomesa kukura imwe mhando. Weathering, kudengenyeka kwenyika, kuputika kwemakomo, madutu, washington - ichi zvose zvarinoita muupenyu zvipenyu, uye maererano, kuparadzira navo.

Pakupedzisira, mumwe zvinhu ndiyo makore taxonomic boka. Somuenzaniso, kamwe chete gymnosperms vakanga vachibudirira dhipatimendi chirimwa umambo. Zvisinei, nhasi, mune imwe mararamiro hunodzorwa angiosperms. Izvi imhaka zvikurukuru nedanho iri Kushanduka zvipenyu uye kuti muduku zvakadini - pamwe dzinongoitika pezvakaitwa kuti kwakaitika nguva munharaunda dzinogarisana. Ndizvo zvakaita siyana kwemarudzi.