Kuiisa chlorine yakasviba: fomura zvikumbiro. Kuitwa kuiisa chlorine yakasviba pamusoro muviri

Kuiisa chlorine dioxide, kana ClO ₂ - ane inorganic remubatanidzwa wenyika makemikari Kufananidzira Cl (kuiisa chlorine) pamwe makemikari chinhu O (okisijeni). Munyaya ino tichakurukura zvakawanda nefuma uye kuziva apo rinoshandiswa, sei anogadzirwa mumarabhoritari uye maindasitiri, sezvo chiito muviri.

Chii silica? Kusiyana yakasviba kubva oxide

Vadzidzi vakawanda arasikirwa pamberi shoko "silica", nekuti zvesayenzi ichi, kufanana kemisitiri, pfungwa iyi zvishoma kubva musi. Shoko "silica" vanogona kuwanikwa mumabhuku, mabhuku uye paIndaneti, asi vamwe zvikoro ambokusvika kutsanangura chii.

Saka, tose tinoziva kuti oxide ichi. Oxide - remubatanidzwa reokisijeni (O) chero nemamwe makemikari zvishoma electronegative maatomu akafanana. Oxide uye ClO _2. Yakasviba unowanzonzi remubatanidzwa umo aripo maatomu maviri O. The chivakashure "door" mu "silica" rinoreva "maviri."

Kana ukanzwa shoko "silica" zvinoreva iri kubatana mbiri okisijeni maatomu. Izvi zvichakubatsira kuti vanyore makemikari yokuita mukomboni.

ehupfumi zvokunyama fuma

Kuiisa chlorine yakasviba - a gaseous fuma ane maitiro kwakanaka, uye ruvara Red-yellow. Asi pane imwe tembiricha pazasi 10 Celsius fuma inoshanduka mumuviri sezvayakanga uye ichichinja kuita yakatsvukuruka mashava zvokunwa. Kana kupopotedzana rinoputika. Zvakanaka uye nokukurumidza izvozvo urwa mumvura. Zvakanaka hwakakanyiwa uye soluble mune zvimwe zvinoita zvokufembedzwa zvakadai acetic asidhi uye sulfuric acid. fuma utsotso tembiricha iri -59 madhigirii chilis, uye ayo Kubika pfungwa - 9.7 chete Celsius.

Preparation rabhoritari nzira

To musi, shandisa rimwe chete nzira hwokubereka kuiisa chlorine yakasviba murabhoritari - ne maitiro potassium chlorate (KClO ₃₎ pamwe oxalic acid, iro rine nzira H ₂ C ₂ O _4. Somugumisiro maitiro iri dzinounzwa ClO _2, uyewo mvura uye yavaibvisa oxalate.

Asi ClO ₂ anogona kugamuchira imwe nzira. Nokuti chinangwa ichi pane chinokosha kugadzwa. Kuisa kuiisa chlorine yakasviba - chinhu chinobatsira muenzaniso nesayenzi. Yakadaro chokugadza unotora munhu kudzora Unit, mumwe reactor nokuti kuchinjwa pombi kuti reagents siyana kuti reactor, uyewo mavharuvhu siyana uye mavharuvhu. For ClO ₂ kushandisa sulfuric acid, zvingaitwa kuti yavaibvisa chloride uye yavaibvisa chlorate. Izvi zvinoguma kuiisa chlorine yakasviba mhinduro.

Preparation maindasitiri nzira

ClO _2, masayendisiti akadzidza sei kugadzira uye mumaindasitiri nzira. Kubereka ichi rutapudzo maitiro umo yavaibvisa chlorate ipfupi nesarufa dioxide. In zvakaitwa kuiisa chlorine yakasviba asunungurwa, kugadzirira izvo takaita, uye yavaibvisa rehydrogen sulfate.

The kwemakemikari ehupfumi venhumbi

In kuiisa chlorine yakasviba ine rinokosha namakemikari ehupfumi. ClO ₂ chinhu acidic oxide (nayo rinoratidza acidic zvivako, uye nokuumba kislosoderzhaschie acid). Pamusoro pokutaura mumvura kuiisa chlorine yakasviba anowanikwa disproportionation maitiro, i.e. paumbwe acids akadai chlorous uye chloric. Kana kuiisa chlorine oxide pachayo rinoputika chiedza, ayo anoshanda chaizvo kugadzikana murima uye chiedza hakuiti putika, asi zvishoma nezvishoma dzakaora.

ClO ₂ dzakawanda siyana haazvibati akafanana oksilitel svikiro simba, zvaanoita pamwe yeimwe vakawanda makemikari kemisitiri.

kunyoresa

Kuiisa chlorine dioxide, kushandiswa iri chaizvo pose, ndiyo akakurumbira. nefuma kazhinji anoita dhibi. Kuiisa chlorine oxide inoshandiswa zvikurukuru nokuda bleaching nezvinhu zvakadai semapepa, furawa, etc.

Mukuwedzera, nefuma runoonekwa mishonga ClO ₂ rimwe simba kupfuura inorwisa utachiona vamiririri pose. Ndokusaka rinowanzoshandiswa mbereko uye disinfection-siyana zvinhu. Inouraya pathogenic tupukanana kubudikidza oxidation, nokuti kuti oxidizer ndiyo Paavhareji. Kuiisa chlorine dioxide, izvo chikumbiro yakafanira kuwedzera mune asidhi ehupfumi, zvino chinokosha zvinhu.

fuma Izvi irreplaceable ari indasitiri, chaiyo nekuti pane zvikuru shoma zvinhu kuti disinfect zvinhu mari uye zvakatipoteredza ushamwari. Disinfection nokushandiswa ClO ₂ zvakakwana wakachengeteka nokuda zvakatipoteredza yakatipoteredza. Nanhasi, uchishandisa gasi uye mvura Cl kuti mbereko uye disinfection. Asi mumakore achangopfuura, nokuda zvezvakatipoteredza, uchishandisa zvikuru disinfectant - kuiisa chlorine dioxide. Kusiyana kuiisa chlorine yakaisvonaka fuma, akatizivisa ClO ₂ haadi kupinda chlorination maitiro nevamwe zvinhu uye zvine maatomu akafanana.

Water disinfected kuiisa chlorine, mumwe haagoni chete kunwa, asiwo kushandisa yokugeza ganda. Asi kuiisa chlorine yakasviba yakabatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri: zvinokuchengetedzai chose, nekuti haimuoni paChikoro chlorination zvakaitwa.

Kuitwa kuiisa chlorine yakasviba pamusoro muviri

Kuiisa chlorine dioxide, rawo nhengo nemasayendisiti kuti emakore. Zvino makemikari zvinowanzoshandiswa zvokudya indasitiri ive chirungiso E926. Zvinosuruvarisa zhinji E zvokuwedzera zvinokuvadza chaizvo, uye vanhuwo zvavo, vatengi mishonga, zvishoma zvinozivikanwa pamusoro pavo. Zvisinei, dzimwe yokuvirisa, isingakuvadzi, asi pane kunyanya ngozi. Kuiisa chlorine dioxide inogona kuva kusvitsa poseredinke: zviri kukuvadza muviri, riri zvisingadiwi, asi makemikari asina kwazvo nemishonga iri muviri, kusiyana akakurumbira nhasi yavaibvisa glutamate.

Kana kushandiswa yokuvirisa chikafu kubva ichi, unogona kuwana chikosoro, dzimwe nguva ndakasimba uye inogara kwenguva refu, nokushatiriswa pamusoro mucous membranes, asima kurwiswa. Mushure kuonana pafuma kuti Airways remapapu kutsamwa zvingaitika.

Kuiisa chlorine yakasviba - zviri zvinhu zvinofadza runako iyo masayendisiti kudzidza yave kwemazana emakore akawanda. Hazvina irreplaceable ari maindasitiri, kunyanya mune zvokudya, ndizvo zvakatipoteredza ushamwari uye akachengeteka (Ichokwadi chete kana akashandiswa nemazvo).