Chii napalm? Kushandisa uye Zvinoumba napalm

Ndicho napalm, vakawanda vanhu Soviet chete vakadzidza ari sixties, terevhizheni nhau yacho Vietnam pikisa. Zvinotyisa hudiki, vana vakuvara uye kuurayiwa, ichipfuta nemisha zvakakonzera mhosva hasha. Kunyange pena kure, akatarisa anotyisa airstrike. Over nomusango "Phantom" kana "Skyhawk" chiratidzo pamusoro revarwi Chokwadi, pane imwe nguva nedumbu akaparadzanisa hombe fodya-zvakaumbwa tangi, rakafanana nemamwe mafuta vanokwanisa, iye randomly akadonha chero asingadi kubata pasi, ipapo hombodo, uye kubva chakapararira pamusoro gungwa romoto, umo ruponeso haana ... Kazhinji, napalm - ndiko chombo zvinotyisa.

Pfungwa uye Implementation

In zvose kuti chokuita nzira rokuputsa yavo mhando, vanhu vanoratidza unyanzvi, akakodzera zvakajeka kushanda nani. Danho rokutanga kuvandudza kunyatsoshanda kupondwa, vamwe pane nokukurumidza-inifanduri uye atirari zvombo, flamethrowers simbi, mukwende, mira uye akatasva chaihwo matangi. Pfungwa iri nyore: a zvinobata moto mvura semvura kubva hosipaipi inofanira kuendeswa muvengi. Asi muchiitiko chino nyore akaviga agozvitorera. Chekutanga, unofanira kuwana ikoko, uye chepiri kuti kuomesa muitiro kutsakatika. Peturu zvose zvakanaka, asi akapisa pakarepo. Diesel chinotsva moto kuedza. Vanoda fuma kwakadaro, kuti kana kuvesa kuderedza yakawanda kupisa kwenguva yakareba. Pakazosvika 1942, dambudziko iri rakanga zvavo kugadziriswa nyanzvi , kubva Harvard University aishanda boka Dr. L. Fieser pamusoro zvirevo USACC (Chemical Corps of US Army). Japanese nokukurumidza, chengeta mupomerwi Tinian, takadzidza chii napalm. Zvisinei, kuti nezvazvo vasingagoni vose.

The gadziriro michina

The mukuru rwokugadzira pfungwa yaiva kuwedzera chikuru combustibles zvinhu retard combustion, kuwedzera viscosity uye kuwedzera kugona kuomerera. Zvakanaka wakanyatsokodzera chinangwa ichi rabha: iye namuka uye viscous, ukaparadzawo zvakanaka, uye anopisira, asi inorwadza zvinodhura. Pano ari musanganiswa munyu pamusoro palmitic asidhi uye nafteinovoy kwave akabudirira chaizvo. The Zvinoumba napalm uye akamupa zita, ane chokuita Russian shoko "nhungirwa", uye chakaumbwa kubva mabhii mishonga yokuvirisa kuti nguva peturu rokutanga deadlier zvikuru.

Mugumisiro kukura kuita yazova mhando yamarudzi, pamusoro wayo kusachinja-chinja pane zvakawanda kana zvishoma gobvu, kusvikira imwe mondo-kufanana. combustion tembiricha yakasvika mazana masere Celsius. Supplements Kwairatidza pamusoro chegumi nhamba. Zvinonzi zvinobudirira kushandiswa muEurope, nokurwa nemauto German uye dzavo nevatsigiri, uye muna Pacific yemitambo remapazi pamusoro Japanese.

Chii chinonzi "Napalm-B"

Progress harigoni kumiswa, kunyanya mumunda achishandisa kuparadzwa. Kuno dzidzo uye mushonga ... Asi ikozvino haazi pamusoro paizvozvo.

By pakutanga War Korean, ari Zvinoumba napalm akanga vaisanganisa mutsva zvinoriumba, nani zvikuru kunyatsoshanda kwayo. Chekutanga, nani makemikari kutsiga pamusoro mazhinji kuchengetwa, Kwakabvisa zvinoita mutundu zvikamu zviduku. Chechipiri, aapise akava chichiwedzera zvikuru uye chaizvo (kusvika 1500 ° C). Uye wechitatu, chinonyanya kukosha - chigadzirwa ichi anokwanisa tiomerere zvose. Kana chinhu dira mvura kana chando kusaswa, zviri nani (ndiko, zvakaipisisa nokuti chinhu). The sezvamunoita napalm zvinosanganisira alkali nesimbi, izvo zvinozivikanwa kubva chikoro kemisitiri Chokwadi, kana unyoro nyore putika. Somunhu thickener mu "napalm-B" kushandiswa zvatinosiita polystyrene zvazvichanyungudutswa benzene. Izvi hero yose ine songanira yavaibvisa kana potassium inowedzerwa peturu, vakamutsa, uye iwe uri kuitwa. Burns kunyange simbi. Nenzira, uye yakachipa.

Common pfungwa uye kurambidzwa

Against inonzi Vietcong (National Liberation Front), US Army rakashandisa zvinenge zvose waro zvombo, kunze zvombo zvinoparadza. Zvisinei, achiziva nokunzwisisa chii napalm, zvakaoma kurega pfungwa kuti zvakanaka zvinofanira kunzi muchikwata ichi. Nokuti ichi nyaya zvikuru hanya kana ake chikumbiro mapazi ane zana, imwe zvipenyu chiuru kana kupfuura, uchapisa zvose kuti kuwa. Hazvina kuti chikonzero ichi kuti muna 1980, Chibvumirano anzverwa ne UN, izvo zvinorambidzwa napalm. Kushandiswa incendiary zvombo yainzi nzira dzoutsinye yehondo. Asi kwete vose vakateerera inzwi yakanyarara rokufunga. Asi uyu kudiwa chete kupa amene kana mumwe kubva mhuri yake pasi yokugezera kuti napalm. Zvimwe havana kufunga yakakwana zvose ...

After 1980

Convention kurambidza kushandiswa napalm akatora 99 inoti nyika, vanopfuura hafu vose dzaimirirwa vari UN. Pakati pavo vane Russia (zvino RSFSR) uye Ukraine (the Ukraine), Belarus (BSSR) uye yose Europe (San Marino uye Andorra havana mauto, saka muna nedanho ngozi rinoreva kurambidzwa havana kubatanidzwa). Nyika iri mumamiriro hondo kana dzakamirira kwake kubva kusaina kana ratifying vairega. Pakati pavo, United States, Israel, Turkey, Republic of Korea, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Sudan, Nigeria nevamwe. Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union ina dzaichimbova (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan uye Kazakhstan), zvakare, handina akabatana Convention (wechitatu dzakati).

Used napalm Zimbabwean Army (Civil War, 1984), Argentina (Falklands, 1982), Iraq (pamusoro mauto Iran, 1980), uyewo Britain neUnited States (panguva "Operation Desert Storm" muna 1991). Sezvo kazhinji zvinoitika hondo, kuramwa havana nguva yakarurama zvakakwana, zvichiita kutambura vanhuwo zvavo.

Another napalm

Kuwana inobudirira muchiso chigadzirwa vagadziri dzimwe nguva vanoshandisa mashoko ari aizivikanwa vagari, asi nenzira yakasiyana chechinyorwa. Somuenzaniso, mumiririri Panyaya mapete kamwe ainzi "Koba" (zita rebato I. V. Stalina), kureva, pachena, utsinye ake akananga vavengi. Zvimwewo specimens veimba makemikari anogona kuonekwa uye "Napalm" masora. Zvinoita, kana uchitenda kushambadza Musumo anobudirira herbicide, mumwe godsend chaicho kuvarimi uye varidzi anamapako yezhizha. Its chikuru zvinobatsira, sezvo ari chipo napalm ane fuma yakasimba iri musi pemvura zvinomera uye kuramba kunayisa. How yetsika ndiro zita? About sei kutonga vatengi. Zvichida kwete zvose kurangarira kuti Vietnam War.