Russian inokosha okunze zvinhu. Chii okunze-Russian zvinhu?

Climatic zvinhu - zvinhu zviri paumbwe imwe mhando okunze. Izvi zvinokonzera kuti chokuita mhepo tembiricha, kunonaya uye zvimwe zviratidzo kunokosha. Funga zvinhu okunze zvinokonzera Russia - pakukura nyika munyika kubudikidza munzvimbo.

Solar nemwaranzi, rusununguko uye zvimwe okunze zvinhu

Nyeredzi Gadziriro yedu - kwainyanya nokupisa Panyika. Solar nemwaranzi uye nemwaranzi mumatunhu - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvikonzero paumbwe okunze. Nokuda sphericity nyika angled dzisakarurama mwaranzi panguva neequator munzvimbo dzinopisa uye polar latitudes. Asi kwete chete mumamiriro ezvinhu ichi chinoratidza chii chichava tembiricha uye nguva yegore mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Pane zvimwe zvikuru okunze zvinhu:

• kuparadzirwa mhepo uremu;
• nzvimbo nzvimbo;
• zvokuyamura zvinhu;
• matambudziko yamakungwa, nyanza, napedyo vamwe makondinendi.

rezuva nemwaranzi

Havasi vose mwaranzi ose nyeredzi redu rinosvika panyika, pamwe kukosha kuuya simba iri pakutsvaga nzvimbo yacho uye kunoenderana nezvimwe zvikonzero. Part chiedza (anenge 20%) zvinoratidzwa okumusoro akaturikidzana zvomumhepo. About 30% ndiyo diffuse namakore seguruva uye mvura madonhwe. Yakawanda Verengai zvakananga uye vakapararira nemwaranzi kusvika zvakaoma goko nyika yacho. In ichi rokupedzisira chimiro emit ari kunyura uye akaratidza nemwaranzi.

The Absorção de Água kunobva yakananga kupisa uye chafariz conductivity chaicho pamusoro. Mvura ine yakakwirira chaizvo kupisa kugona, makungwa uye makungwa Sechipanji 95% yakananga zuva nemwaranzi, kuunganidza kupisa muchirimo, chando kupiwa zvishoma nezvishoma zvishoma nezvishoma. White chando, chando tibatsirwe vanenge 15% uye zvinoratidza 85% of mwaranzi iyo yasvika pemvura. For Black ivhu reflectance - 4%.

Climatic zvikonzero - vari dyidzana zvikonzero paumbwe okunze. Heano mienzaniso zvainoita nemwaranzi pakuenzanisa mamwe ezvinhu. Saka, musi nharaunda Russia pavaitama kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba yose rezuva nemwaranzi ipfupi munenge 2.7 nguva. On Sakhalin Island, iri kweGungwa Okhotsk kumabvazuva Russia, makore vanoratidza 70% of chezuva. Zvinoguma zvikuru okunze pane zvakafanana latitudes mukati chaimo.

mumhepo kutenderera

The zvikonzero kuti paumbwe uye kufamba hombe kuwanda mhepo - panyika gogonera kudziyisa zuva. Uyu ndiwo mumwe mukuru ezvinhu nokuda kwoUmambo akasiyana mumhepo kumanikidzwa panyika. Zvinoitwa mhepo makore kuvimba nenzvimbo inotungamirwa yavo, saka kwakapararira pamusoro munyanza gungwa mhepo, zviri akanyorova, haizi pachitsuwa - rakaoma Continental. Rakapfupikiswa tsamba zviratidzo kuti mhando mbiri idzi - azvaitwa M uye K. Ndichiverenga okunze-Russian zvinhu, iva nechokwadi kuti kutsanangura mhando nhatu mikuru mhepo makore - chando, unozvidzora uye mvura. Vanogona kuva zvomumvura uye Continental. Shandisa abbreviations akadai: MAV, CAV, MSY, IMC, MTV, KTV.

Types akapararira mhepo makore vakatsunga yakaoma okunze uye mamiriro okunze mamiriro:

• mumhepo kumanikidzwa;
• tembiricha iri pamusoro rukoko zvomumhepo;
• kutungamirira kuramba mhepo;
• pachena dzedenga;
• mwando.

Air makore vanokwanisa kuchinja, kuti vachinje utano ehupfumi, kutamira pamusoro penyika kubva munzvimbo imwe.

kwavanogara Latitude

The reshiyo pakati mari uye zvekushandisa of gwenya mwaranzi - nemwaranzi pachiyero - mumwe huru okunze zvinhu. Zvinokanganisawo chafariz hurumende ivhu uye dzimwe hukawanika repasi chadenga. Kubva nemwaranzi mwero kunoenderana kwemvura mvura, kuchinja guru mhepo makore, upenyu hwomunhu uye zvirimwa. Asi chii chinonzi huru okunze zvinhu? nzvimbo iyi - chinhambwe kubva neequator kusvika kuongororwa nzvimbo pamusoro pepasi.

Muna July, pakona pakati matanda uye pasi pose ari Northern dzinopisa jekeso ndiyo inenge 90 °. Zvadaro, por chikwata nharaunda nesimba rakawanda, rinopisa akasimba nyika, uye pairi - mhepo. The kure neequator uye dzinopisa, kuti kutonhora.

The simba Latitude pamusoro okunze muRussia

Funga mugumisiro huru okunze chinokonzera pamusoro muenzaniso Russian Federation. The nyika pakugadzwa nechando Arctic kusvika subtropics ari Caucasus, kubva reBaltic nemupata Chukotka uye makungwa zvePacific Ocean. Climate dzinosiyana zvakati kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba uye kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira. A wakasvinura mhepo, kazhinji nechisimba chando mhepo guru kubva Arctic sei Siberian anticyclone nyoro Atlantic mhepo.

siyana Great, asi nokuda Russia inokosha okunze chinokonzera ndiko kure neequator. Kana kuenda kumaodzanyemba kumiganhu nyika kunowedzera kukosha kwezuva mwaranzi. The pedyo kweArctic Circle uye North Pole, kuti kutonhora. Saka, musi rusununguko zviri achinyanya refu okunze akasiyana kumatunhu munyika.

The kuzorodzwa, migumisiro makondinendi uye makungwa - okunze zvinhu

Kwete hazvo kugovera mhepo tembiricha vakaraira anoteerera mutemo latitudinal zonation uye hunoenderana badzi zuva nemwaranzi. Kana isu kubatanidza mitsetse mumaguta Russian pamwe tembiricha zhizha yakafanana, zviri nyore kuona kuti musi July isotherms dziri kunyanya azvaitwa Latitude. Asi reEurope chikamu Russia isotherm January 0, -8, -10 ° C nhema kure kuchamhembe kupfuura kuSiberia. Kunopfavisa okunze yendima kusvikira Urals pokudzora yeAtlantic Ocean uye yaro inodziya dzenzvimbo.

Índico cheni Ural Mountains riri sokunonoka nyorovera uye mhepo inodziya kubva kuAtlantic. Musi Pacific pemhenderekedzo isotherm muna July dererei pane panguva imwechete latitudes munyika, nokuda migumisiro chirimo monsoon uye kuwanda pachitsuwa Sakhalin, vakaparadzirwa nemwaranzi. Kana kuwedzera mumakomo tembiricha anowira kunyange chete Latitude.

Siberian High (Siberian anticyclone)

Munharaunda Mongolia kubva November kusvika March iri hunodzorwa imwe nzvimbo dzakakwirira mumhepo kumanikidzwa. Achigadzira mhepo makore pamwe yakaderera tembiricha CAV kuuya kubva kuchamhembe. Panguva ino nguva yegore okunze ari munzvimbo iri rinenge vasakanganise Pacific Ocean. Makomo Southern uye Eastern Siberia kudzivirira kupararira haachandidi mhepo. Mugumisiro anova apasi kuRussia uye Northern Hemisphere tembiricha iri pamusoro rukoko zvomumhepo (-40 kusvika -70 ° C).

Temperature inversions kuitika apo mhepo inotonhora stagnates iri dzegirini. Zvadaro, pane anenge 2km inodziya munenge + 10 ... + 20 ° C kupfuura dzegirini uye panguva pemvura. Kuwana chii zvikonzero zviri okunze-taona kuti zvinokosha chete zvinokonzera, asiwo wemishonga ezvinhu mune imwe nzvimbo.

inotungamirwa okunze

Pakati uye kuchamhembe European chikamu Russia Falls zvakawanda kunayisa pane imwe Latitude kuEastern Siberia. Kumavirira munyika chinobva Atlantic MSY, rikunde nedutu basa (tembiricha yakaderera, chando, inonaya). KweArctic Circle shoma mvura, akanzwa matambudziko ari CAV, murombo unyoro. KuSiberia uye Urals Continental okunze akasiyana European kumatunhu munyika. Summers zvinoitika kudziya nechando pfupi - refu, chando chaizvo.

In rwezasi, ari Astrakhan munharaunda yekudyidzana kukanganiswa vakadaro okunze zvinhu: nenzvimbo Latitude uye akabatanidza kukosha zuva mwaranzi, mumhepo kutenderera. Zvinogona kucherechedzwa nezvainoita okunze uye mamiriro okunze ari zhizha yakaoma uye inopisa KTV, uyo anobva Kazakhstan uye Central Asia. Kutambira zvichemo chete mhepo makore muGungwa Dema kumahombekombe Russia anonoswa refu neeSultan gomo.

Dzinenge ezvinhu Kamchatka achiumbwa mubatanidzwa gungwa uye zvikuru Continental okunze mhando. Nharaunda kunoratidzwa kakawanda kuchinja mamiriro ekunze, mhepo yakasimba, zvinokosha kunonaya munguva yechando - muchimiro rinorema rakanaya chando.

okunze zvombo

Yokuzvifungidzira chii okunze zvinhu, takakurukura kunonyanya pamusoro dzinongoitika pezvakaitwa uye zvakavapo. Kuti mutsanangure zvinhu zvakadai kuwedzera paavhareji pagore mhepo tembiricha uye kutadza kunonaya mumakore gumi adarika. Zviri muropa mutemo, kana mugumisiro nevanhu Climate Change?

A mhinduro isi- yomubvunzo uyu zvakaoma kupa. Kwete kuserera kusawirirana pamusoro kana okunze chombo rinoshandiswa, akasika kana chete yakatanga. Kunyanya kushingaira chakakurukurwa panguva kupisa wave Russia muna muzhizha ra2010. The tembiricha nechepakati munharaunda yaiva 10 ° C kupfuura avhareji nokuda nharaunda. Gore rakanga Hottest kubva mukupera XIX remakore. Chero hombe dondo moto, paiva sefungu hunofa pakati yevagari.

Climate chombo - nzira kudzora mamiriro okunze kuti zvinangwa zvechiuto. Muvengi ari kutambura Nokurasikirwa somugumisiro dzinongoitika nenyonganiso (kwemvura, mafashamo). On pakasikwa okunze zvombo United States neSoviet Union, masayendisiti akatanga kushanda pakati rokupedzisira remakore. Zviito zvakadaro zvinopesana neUN Convention, izvo unorambidza kushandiswa uto kwezvakatipoteredza nadzurudzo nzira. Hurumende US anoramba hazvizivi rokuchinja mumhepo kuti kukuvadza vamwe States, ruzhinji uye zvakatipoteredza.