Ndiani aiva mambo wokutanga muRoma?

Gaius Octavius Furin (zita iroro munhu pakuzvarwa) akavamba hweRoma. Smart, akachenjera uye enterprising, acharamba nokusingaperi kuramba munhoroondo. Yaiva mutongi pamwe Republican mweya. mambo wokutanga muRoma, runoonekwa kuti, inozivikanwa pasi zita Oktavian Avgust.

Mhuri uye dzidzo rejaya Octavius

Augustus pachake ndichingoti pachake (by Suetonius) kune vekare uye nomupfumi mhuri vatasvi. baba vake, Gay Oktavy - mupfumi uye anoremekedzwa - akava Seneta. Akafa uye kuruboshwe nherera 3. Most dzinonakidza kwatiri, mwanakomana wake mudzimai wake wechipiri Attii (muzukuru Kesari), vakazochinja achanzi Augustus - mambo weRoma wokutanga, nherera pa 4 years.

Maererano Suetonius, akaberekwa pamberi mambakwedza, kana 23, kana 24/09/63 BC. e., anofungidzirwa palantinskom kota Velitrah (kare havana haabatanidzi kuti muRoma), apo kwaakazoita yake tsvene. nzvimbo vana vake muimba sekuru vake Velitrah vamwe asingatsananguriki zvikonzero evoked kutya uye rinotyisa vaya vakapinda mariri pasina yokuzvinatsa setsika. Young Octavius naambuya vangu, hanzvadzi zvaKesari, uye pazera remakore 12, akapa hurukuro pamariro ake. Pazera 16 Iye kubva zvaKesari vemauto mibayiro kuti kukunda Africa, asi muhondo pachayo haina kubatanidzwa. Gare gare, iye, vasina akasimbisa kubva chirwere chakakomba, zvichiteverwa Kesari muSpain uye vakagamuchira zita patrician. Caesar vakagamuchirwa vakadzidza, ngwarira, akangwara Octavius muna 45 BC. e. A kuda nhaka kuchengetwa Vestal pakavanda zvakakwana. Caesar akatuma mudyi wenhaka yake neAporonia (Albania ano), kuti apedzise dzidzo yake uye kugadzirira hondo itsva.

Legacy of mudzvanyiriri (44 BC. E.)

Paakaziva kuti kupondwa Kesari, Octavius nechikepe kuRoma uye akapinda nhaka. Achiratidza kuvava kurasikirwa, iye ndebvu sechiratidzo zvokuchema mudzvinyiriri. In rukudzo okukunda ake, akapedza mutambo. Panzira, paiva kometi, iyo vakawanda vaitya panguva ino. Asi Octavius akakwanisa vabvume vaRoma kuti - raMwari mweya waKesari.

Kuwedzera kukurumbira, akatengesera ndokupa vaRoma nhaka sesterces mazana matatu. Chokutanga, kwemakore 12, yaiva pamwe dare pamwe Mark Antony uye Marcus Lepidus, uye gare gare - kwemakore 44 - autocratically. Sezvo muchidimbu upenyu kuti akatungamirira mambo rokutanga Rome.

hondo

Octavius akanga 5 hondo: mutinskuyu, Firipi, peruziyskuyu, Sicilian uye Actian. Sezvo kutsiva nokuda kupondwa Kesari, akatanga kurwa naCassius uye Brutus, asi nhumwa Antony haana kutsigira. Zvadaro akatanga kurwa Antony. Asi iye tisingatarisiri vakatsigirwa vamauto uye mauto, uye nekuti Octavius akashandisa nedzenyu unyanzvi uye apiwa vabatana pamwe Anthony.

Achiparadza Brutus, pamwe chete ivo zvapedza hondo yeFiripi. Anthony akatumwa East kusimbisa Roman murayiro. Octavius akanga achiparidza pakugadzirisa vakamborwa ari matunhu neminisiparati nyika. Panguva ino Perusia akamutswa kumukira, uye pashure kudzvinyirira yaro muna August akaratidza utsinye kuti akundwa.

The Sicilian hondo Sextus Pompey yakatora makore 4. Rakanga rakaoma nokuda kwokusasimba ari Octavia ave uto mutungamiri uye zviwanikwa ezvinhu: madutu chakazokanganisa rengarava. In kudana kwake Africa akauya kubatsira unozvitutumadza Mark Lepid uye aida nzvimbo yokutanga muupenyu hurumende. Antony vakakwezvwa hondo yake pachake uye Lepidus kwoupenyu kuutapwa Circe. Kubatana Antony kumbobvira simba.

vakatanga hondo, uye mugungwa hondo chiito Antony vakakundwa. Akanga vakatambudzwa kuAlexandria, uko Antony akanga atizira pamwe Cleopatra vakazviuraya uye apo kuzviuraya yake. Gare gare, mwanakomana Cleopatra kuti Caesarion akaurayiwa. Saka ari kuenda simba remangwana weRoma wokutanga.

Principate

By '27 Octavius wakasara weSeneti chete vanhu vave ake pachena vatsigiri, uye akazivisa kuti hurumende inofanira kuva vanhu uye Seneti.

MaSeneta "akakumbira" iye kutungamirira umambo, uye Octavius akava mubati ose enyika umo maiva mauto, iri mutariri vose vehondo. Akagamuchira musoro princeps - Seneta of mamiriro wokutanga. Izvi chaizvoizvo zvinoreva kuti iye - mambo wokutanga kuRoma. Uyezve, akapiwa honorary zita. Saka mambo weRoma yakatanga muna August ( "Mwari"). Gare gare, akava nomupristi mukuru, Pontifex Maximus. simba rose munyika iri kusimbiswa mumaoko August: muchiuto, vehurumende uye rouprista. mambo rokutanga Roma akava autocratic wepabasa.

Foreign negwaro pasi Agasto

kukunda ake aiva rombo uye kukundwa, asi yose hwacho yakanga yawedzera zvikuru. Pasi pesimba Roma vaiva Alps, rworudyi kumahombekombe Danube, rose Gaul uye ichindosvika kuPyrenees, North Africa, Greece, Judhiya, Siriya, umambo Bosporus.

izvi zvose vakava zvichibvira pashure mambo weRoma wokutanga akaita kuchinja weuto, saka kuti yokupedzisira akava nyanzvi. Navy akanga kudzorwa. Avhareji pamusoro muchiuto akaenda 2/3 mitero zviunganidzwe.

upfumi

Apo Augustus Vakaronga zvakanyatsorongwa kudzingana mari. Vakarufahli ukama chete vaionekwa ufuza. mambo wokutanga Rome vekare kunowedzerwa zvikuru kutengeswa - iri guta akatakurwa muumbozha nhumbi, uye mumaruwa ndakawedzera wezvokutengeserana zviyo, mafuta omuorivhi, waini. Rakanga yakapedza piracy, uye nepagungwa kutengeserana raibudirira.

Emperor Roman Pride

Brick mutongi Roma zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kuchinja kupinda machena. Carrara machena akaenda pakuvaka temberi Apollo - wokutanga hurongwa guru. Forum (Square) iri August kubva mutemberi dzimire yaro Mars Ultor aiva nezvivakwa chinokosha yechitendero.

On pachivara pane chidhori Augustus mengoro. Atari Peace yakavakwa kukudzwa nokukunda muGaul uye Spain. Uyezve, mashoko okutanga inorwadza mambo akatanga kuitisa pachavo uye hama dzavo kuvaka mausoleum ari pachikoro Martius. Padenga guva mambo akagadza nhamba.

All wakagadzira uye akavaka tsvene uye masere nemaviri muRoma. Zvino yekudyidzana kukudza zivikanwo yake, uye pamwe kuderedzwa urovha.

Pane zvave chinhu nyanyisa vehurumende kuvakwa zvakadai migwagwa, migwagwa, pamisika, dzokuchengetera, aqueducts, namatsime, madhorobha sewerage, paruzhinji dzokugezera, raibhurari.

Chii chakanga August

Augustus akanga akaroora katatu, asi aiva mwana mumwe chete nemudzimai wake wechipiri - mwanasikana Julia. Zvisinei, murume libertine maitiro akamanikidza mambo kutumira musikana kuti kubatana.

Kunze maonero yakakurumbira Emperor zvinozivikanwa kubva asara zvivezwa.

Aiva murume richisimuka anenge 1 mamita 70 cm raiva kupfuura avhareji kukura yavanhu iyoyo. Asi aiita kukwana kuti mambo uye saka Augustus vaipfeka bhutsu pamwe pachikuva. Akanga blond bvudzi uye meso uye meno dzakashata isingawanzowanikwi, uye mutongi weRoma ganda ane yendarama Hue.

mutambi

Mashura, kutenda kuti mashura uye zviroto uye kutakura mashoko uye zvinokosha zvikuru - vamwe chikuru zviri munhu muna August. Ndiye kutya zvikuru kurwiswa, saka kana Octavian akagara weSeneti, pasi hembe akanga dzokurwa.

Mutongi akavata zvakaipa, uchimuka kazhinji, ndokusaka kumuka nokunonoka. In yechando zviri kuoma nechando uye akapfeka inodziya nguo, akamonera nemakumbo ake. Nokudya handina makaro. Akadya nyore chikafu uye zvishoma akadhakwa. Mambo akada mutambo wenyika mijenya, kushandiswa kutamba mari, uye iri kuwedzera, Aifarira hove. Exercise kunosiyana inosiyana kunzwisisa kutarisira youth. Augustus, mambo weRoma wokutanga, aiziva chiGiriki, asi haana akanyora izvozvo.

utano

Octavian aiva munhu kunorwadza, asi upenyu akararama kwenguva yakareba - makore 76. Haana kushivirira zvose kupisa nokutonhora. Runny mhino vaimuperekedza anenge dzose nguva uye kuchembera akunda rheumatism.

Sezvineiwo, zita mambo wokutanga Roma vaipfeka uye mambo waro wokupedzisira, uyo akararama panguva nokuzvidza rinonzi harisi zita rizere, asi inongoti Avgustenkom.