Lydian umambo kare

Ancient Lydian umambo raiva pakati kumadokero chikamu Peninsula Malaya Aziya. At dzoro II uye ini zvemakore yaiva chikamu chimwe mamiriro simba - kubva veFrigia. Mushure kwakaderera uye disintegration wekupedzisira Lydia akava yakazvimirira sangano. Its guru raiva guta wokuSadhisi, riri pamahombekombe erwizi Pactolus.

upfumi

Kuwedzera upfumi Lydian umambo akasungwa kukudziri- zvokurima upfumi. Nzizi Asia Minor isa fotereza ivhu rake silt uye zvinoita chaizvo yakaorera. Dzinoburukira mujinga vagari munyika akadyara muonde, mazambiringa uye nezvimwe zvirimwa zvinokosha. In mipata enzizi kaiva achikura zviyo.

The nenzvimbo nzvimbo Lydian umambo yakanga kumutsigira kuti mombe uye bhiza maberekero, riri basa pamafuro rakakura. Imwe nzvimbo inokosha rekare mamiriro hwenyika - simbi. In Asia migodhi Minor akaramba nouchapupu reserves zvesirivha, simbi, zingi uye mhangura. Pactolus River zvachose kunzi "ndarama" (pamusoro dzarwo zvakawanda mhiri zvinokosha zvinokosha). VokuRidhiya havana chete vanatenzi vapfumi panyika. Vakadzidza Kusvina ndarama kubva pamatombo uye kuchenesa pamwe zvemberi panguva iyoyo, unyanzvi uye nematurusi.

Trade uye Crafts

VokuRidhiya vakakwanisa kuita mbatya makuru, umbozha neheti neshangu. Ceramics dzavo yakakurumbira akapoteredza Mediterranean (kunyanya rusvingo usina kukonekita uye dzakapendwa nemidziyo). OmuSardhisi akaita zvikukutu nezvidhinha, uye dzimwe inozivikanwa ocher nependi siyana mavara.

Zvayaiva pamharadzano dzenzira kuti Eastern uye rechiGiriki rekare nyika, kuti Lydian umambo akatungamirira chinoshingaira uye mari kutengeserana. vatengesi varo vaiva nomukurumbira pamusana solvency yavo, iyo yave kakawanda kutaurwa vanyori vekare. In Lydia akauya vatengesi vatorwa - vakanga avakirwa hwomutambarakede hotera. nyika iyi rakagara richidudzirwa zvakurukurwa kuti nzvimbo yechizvarirwo of mari - itsva yakakodzera nzira kuchinjanisa kurapwa. Yakagadzirwa mari kubva siyana simbi. Somuenzaniso, munguva yaMambo Gyges vaiva mari kubva dzinongoitika chiwanikwa nendarama nesirivha - nesirivha. VokuRidhiya mari hurongwa rwakapararira zvose kunyika pedyo. Raishandiswa kunyange mumaguta Ionia Greek.

vanhu

The nesimba zvikuru rukoko Lydian vanhu vaiva nevaranda, uyo waisanganisira yevapristi uye uto vepamusoro, vanatenzi vakapfuma, vatengesi vakapfuma. Somuenzaniso, Herodotus ataurwa imwe aristocrat Pythia. Akanga akapfuma zvokuti akapa mutongi wePersia Dhariyasi I chendarama muzambiringa uye emitsamvi. Zvakafanana Jinda akaronga zvemaoresa kugamuchirwa Xerxes, kuenda nehondo nechiGiriki guta-inotaura.

Lydian umambo chichiwanikwa kuburikidza nemitero, akasuma kune papfuma youmambo uye temberi. We nokuigadzira zvikurukuru vafudzi, zviduku varidzi, nyanzvi dzokugadzira. Pazasi evanhu manera dzichengeterwe varanda - nezvimwewo voga, temberi, ...

enyika

Ridhiya ari chaiwo umambo the Ancient World. State akatonga mambo. Akavimba hondo uye vachengetedzi vakavimbika. The Lydian Uto kunonyanya inozivikanwa ngoro dzavo uye vamabhiza. Dzimwe nguva madzimambo akareva varanda varwi kubva pakati vavakidzani vakanga Ionians, Carians, Lycians. Pakutanga, basa rinokosha muupenyu munyika akabatanidzwa nevakawanda gungano. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, simba iri centralized, uye madzimambo vakarega kuteerera voruzhinji.

Lydian umambo kare, uchigere ndikabvisa yacho zvekare munzanga uye enyika vakasara: tsika dzemadzitateguru, musi dzokumaruwa chikonzero kuparadzanise, kutonga yekare wemadzitateguru mutemo, etc. Asi kunyange zvikanganiso izvi havana chakatadzisa nyika vakapinda ayo yendarama zera iri VII-VI emakore BC .. . e. Panguva iyoyo umambo mitemo Mermnadov dzinza. Its muvambi aiva Gyges. Iye akatonga yokutanga yezana VII remakore. BC. e.

mambo Gyges

Gyges aibva anokudzwa, asi kwete pamusoro imba youmambo. Akabata simba ari mumuzinda nevapanduki. Mambo uyu Lydian umambo chainyanya simba yose vatongi, kufanana vamutangira uye ake vatsivi. Gyges akawedzera kuna Simba rake pakatarisana neMisia, muTroasi, uyewo chikamu Caria uye veFrigia. Nokuda kwaizvozvo vokuRidhiya vakatanga kudzora kuwaniswa inokosha vezvokutengeserana nepagungwa migwagwa uye Gungwa Black dzamushore.

Zvisinei, kunyange kutanga kubudirira Gyges kuramba kukwana pasina zvimwe kukunda. Nokuda kukura kutengeserana Lydian umambo, nhoroondo iyo odzokera emakore akawanda, kwaiva kuenda kuGungwa reAegean. Yokutanga kuedza kukunda mune mirayiridzo iyi echiGiriki mitemo yeSimina uye paMireto vakakundikana. Asi Gyges akakwanisa kukunda Magnesia uye Colophon, nhengo reIonia League. Kunyange zvazvo Lydian mambo navamwe policies vakarwa, akanga asiri muvengi vaGiriki vose. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Gyges akatuma rupo mari Delphi, uye akaramba noushamwari pamwe vapristi ndero mwari Apollo.

Relations neAsiriya

Western vatorwa Politika Lidii akabudirira. Asi kuMabvazuva izvozvo kuzonetseka nepfungwa kukundikana. In mirayiridzo iyi nyika yakakanganiswa aigara muKapadhokiya Cimmerian mapoka. Gyges akaedza remuSamoa tikurire vokuKirikiya kusvika pamhenderekedzo kweMediterranean.

Kuziva kuti ndoga muedzo anokumhan'arira vasingakwanisi kutsungirira, mambo vakanochengeta rutsigiro weAsiria. Zvisinei, akachinja pfungwa dzake nokukurumidza. Gyges akawana vatsigiri itsva - Babylonia uye Ijipiti. inoti Ava vakatsvaka kubvisa ari hegemony kuti pedyo weAsiria. Lydia akabatana wemasangano pamusoro umambo. Zvisinei, hondo, akarasika. Cimmerians vakava vatsigiri vakarwisa nevaAsiriya uye nhaka Gyges. Mune rimwe hondo akaurayiwa. MuArabhu akakunda Sadhisi, guta guru Lydian umambo. guta All (kunze haripindiki Acropolis) chakatsva. Zviri munhare akashumira mutsivi ichi Gigosa - Ardis. Gare gare, akanga ndikabvisa ari Cimmerian kutyisidzira. Price pa chibatiso yakanga yakakwirira - Lydia akava novimba nesimba Asiria.

Hondo Media

Kumabvazuva, Ardis kusiyana Gigosa akatungamirira kungwaririra uye mwero wokumwe negwaro. Asi iye akaenda kurwisa kumadokero. In yechipiri yezana VII remakore BC. e. Lydia akanga hondo pamwe kuMireto uye Priene, asi hazvina zvazvakabatsira. Pose guta Greek akakwanisa kudzivirira ayo rusununguko.

Zvichakadai, pakona nevavakidzani vayo akawira hweAsiriya. Lydian madzimambo akaedza kushandisa nayo kuratidza simba rayo riri kumabvazuva mapurovhinzi Asia Minor. Pano vane aikwikwidzana itsva - Midia. Chinonyanya kukuru hondo pakati poushe maviri akauya mumakore 590-585. BC. e. Tsika rokupedzisira hondo mushandirapamwe, anoti zvakanaka muhondo ratanga kuora kwezuva. Zvino vokuRidhiya uye nevaMedhiya vakanga mashura. Vaiti nyeredzi chaiyo sechinhu semhanza dzakaipa uye vakakanda pasi zvombo zvavo nokutya.

Nokukurumidza, akanga yakasainwa rugare chibvumirano, kudzorera Nezvagara Zviripo (muganhu pakati masimba maviri kwaiva rwizi Galis). The chibvumirano hwakasimbiswa nokuda dynastic muchato. EvaMedhia mugari wenhaka uye ramangwana mambo Astyages akaroora Princess Lydia. Around imwe nguva, kuti Cimmerians vakanga pakupedzisira vadzingwa Asia Minor.

Kuwa roushe

Chimwe nguva kubudirira uye kutsiga Ridhiya vakauya yaitonga Mambo Croesus mumakore 562-547. BC. e. Akapedza basa ravo vamutangira uye akakunda Greek nyika kumadokero kweAsia Minor. Zvisinei, pakazopera rokutonga mambo uyu Ridhiya akanga ari munzira kuenda mberi ibudirire kuwedzera wePezhia. Pausiku chinhu chisingadzivisiki hondo muedzo anokumhan'arira Croesus akapinda kubatana Athens, Sparta, Bhabhironi uye Ijipiti.

Kutenda pachavo, Croesus pachake yakapamba Persia raiva Kapadhokiya. Zvisinei, akatadza kumisa kutonga mudunhu. VokuRidhiya vakadzokera shure uye vakadzokera kunyika yavo. Mambo wePersia Koreshi II Mukuru vakasarudza kumisa hondo, uye nechisimba pedyo nyika. Akatora Croesus musungwa, uye guta guru Lydian umambo akawira zvakare, panguva ino zvachose.

Muna 547 BC. e. Lydia vakarasikirwa kwayo rusununguko uye akava nhengo itsva hwePezhiya. Aimbova umambo pakaziviswa satrapy. Lydian vanhu zvishoma nezvishoma vakarasikirwa kuzivikanwa kwavo uye akabatanidza mamwe madzinza muAsia Minor.

Culture, Arts, chitendero

Lydian tsika yaiva chimwe chezvinhu zvemberi nguva yaro. vanhu vayo makasika arufabheti yavo. kunyora izvi zvikuru zvakafanana nemashoko echiGiriki. Zvisinei, kungoti akakwanisa decipher vanochera matongo dzazvino.

Vagari Sadhisi nemamwe maguta poushe vekare vaida kutamba paRehi, uto gymnastic mitambo mitambo yebhora, cubes uye mijenya. Famous Lydian mumhanzi, kusanganisira chevarwere nziyo, uye Lydian zviridzwa zvinosanganisira makandira makandira, nyanga, nyere, rinorira uye polychord Lira. Nokuti kare budiriro yaiva mberi chinokosha tsika. VokuRidhiya kwete chete kuva noruzivo mifananidzo, asi vaivawo vanachiremba hunoshamisa.

Vatongi umambo yekare vakavigwa kumakuva. Zvisinei, unyanzvi kuvaka anodzivirirwa zvakanaka nhare yakazokudziridzwa. Vagere munyika vakanga vachivaka Dam yose. Lydian uri kumamwe iyoyo nyika matarenda jewelers vaishanda pamwe zvinokosha nesimbi, uye pamwe sekristaro. Kuti ave akatamisira zvimwe tsika dzechiGiriki tsika East.

Lydian pantheon yaiva vanamwari vakawanda. Kunyanya vairemekedza ndivo vakatungamirirwa chitendero rufu uye evocations (Attis, Sandown, Sabazios). Vatendi vakarongwa vachikudza chibayiro chavo. The kupfuura mukurumbira vakanakidzwa Great Amai kana Amai Vanamwari, rakanga chokuita kapoka chokubereka uye hondo.