Kuona Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford - akasiyana, unyanzvi chaizvo uye kujairika musayendisiti. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chinonyanya kukosha zvakawanwa zvakaitwa kubudikidza naye agamuchira Nobel Prize. Muna 1911, murume uyu akanga ari kubudirira zvakaitika Rutherford (saka ainzi Papera), izvo akabvumira kutarisa mukati atomu uye kuwana pfungwa sei zvinoshanda.

Pane zvakawanda kuedza yaiitwa pamwe maatomu kare. pfungwa dzavo huru yakanga kuti panguva dzakasiyana pamakona ose Kutsauka nezvimedu kuunganidza mashoko yakakwana paiva mukana kutaura chinhu chaicho pamusoro nemamiriro atomu. Nechekwokutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, masayendisiti vaiva nechokwadi kuti rine mukati pachayo iri maerekitironi vari okusafarira mhosva. Zvisinei, kushandiswa yainyanya panguva kuti imwe pfungwa yokuti atomu akafanana mutete chokwadi mhosva afoot iyo rizere maerekitironi ane kunaka mutariri. muenzaniso uyu anonzi "yepasi ne akaomeswa."

Rutherford yaitova chiitiko. Scientific pfuti kuvakwa iyo akapa kwawakananga uye rinotungamirirwa danda kubva inoramba. Iye sechigaro leaden bhokisi, raiva rakamanikana mutswe. Inside yakaiswa mwaranzi inopisa. Alpha nezvimedu, ayo chaibwinya ne imwe radioactive fuma munzvimbo dzese kunze chete, vave yokuita zvinoitwa chidzitiro mutobvu, uye chete kuburikidza slots nendege yaingonangana PARTICIPLE danda. On nzira yake ipapo Anotungidza sefa shoma mutobvu pamwe cheap car insurance kuti anocheka zvacho tsaukai zvakanaka. Somugumisiro zviitiko zvakadaro Rutherford nendege kuti kubaya pfungwa PARTICIPLE danda, kubaya pachako waimiririra nhete chaizvo nesimbi foil. Ndicho raparadza yeAlpha-ray.

Pashure Alpha nezvimedu dhumhana pamwe maatomu ari foil, vakaramba vachienda, uye pamusoro phosphor chidzitiro kuti paakagadzwa shure kubaya pakupedzisira akawana pachavo. Apo nezvimedu vouta chidzitiro, ari kupenya zvakanyorwa pariri, iro ane experimenter anogona kutonga sei uye chii kwazvo yeAlpha-inoramba vari vakatsauka kubva yakatwasuka inofamba nokuda kudhumhana pamwe maatomu zvegoridhe foil.

Rutherford aiva yepakutanga nokuti chokwadi kuti hapana pamberi pake asina kuedza tarisa, kana zvimwe zvacho zviri vakatsauka takawanda pamakona. The Old muenzaniso afoot haana kubvumira kunyange kuvapo saka inorema uye gobvu zvinhu munguva atomu, kuitira kuti arambe kutsanya chaizvo Arifa nezvimedu pane imwe zvakakwana guru angled.

Zvakaitika Rutherford kwakatungamirira pakugumisa kuti vakawanda gobvu kusimbiswa gobvu chaizvo nyaya, riri mumwoyo atomu. Vamwe chikamu chaiva chokwadi ndoda gobvu pane zvaiita kwokutanga. Rutherford atomu raiva hyperdense centre, iyo yave kunzi musimboti, izvo, panzira, kupomera akanaka akanga dzichiitika.

Mufananidzo atomu, vachera musayendisiti, zvino tiri aitozivikanwa. Rutherford womuenzaniso iri ndechokuti pakati iri mu mwoyo uine nokuchengeta, iyo yakaomerera mukanyiwa yose atomu. Kazhinji, kusatsigira atomu. Naizvozvo, nhamba maerekitironi mukati, uyewo kupomera yenyukireya, akaenzana nokuwanda chinhu periodic ino. Zviri pachena kuti maerekitironi havagoni kuzorora mukati atomu, akangouya vangadai kuwira musimboti. Vanotanga famba pamusoro kufanana mapuraneti Anoisa zuva chiedza.

hunhu iri kufamba kutsanangura kuitwa Coulomb mauto kubva musimboti. Maatomu vari kugadzikana mune unexcited mamiriro, vanogona kurarama kwenguva refu nguva yakawanda, pasina emitting chero remagetsi mafungu. Asi ari yemapuraneti muenzaniso atomu, kunyange yaiva experimentally, havagoni kutsanangura nei akatsiga.