The Chicago Stock Exchange: History uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Vanhu vakawanda mabasa zvikuru inonakidza pamusoro siyana wemari uye chinokosha exchanges. Vazhinji vanogara panguva imwe chete paiva anosimbirira chaizvo kufanana nevechiduku kuti izvi vanotengesa platforms vanofanira nguva dzose kuva vazhinji vari panguva imwecheteyo nguva dzose chinhu kudanidzira pamusoro chinhu vanongogara vachitaura pafoni. Zvechokwadi, makore mashoma apfuura saka akaita basa exchanges, asi nhasi mabasa avo mamwe vakashanduka. Munyaya ino tichatarisa kushanda dzakawanda dzaishandiswa mazwi pasi zita Chicago Mercantile Exchange CME.

Features

Vazhinji vakajairana vapfuwi exchanges apo kutengesa kuti migove uye kuchengetedzeka. Asi kana imi kudzidza kuti Chicago Mercantile Exchange, unofanira pakarepo anoratidza kuti kutengesa zvakasiyana zviwanikwa, zvokurima zvinhu uye neramangwana zvibvumirano pamusoro pavo. Muchiitiko chino, pane imwe yakafanana mukutsinhana muUnited States - New York.

Basa iri upfumi munyika

Chicago Mercantile Exchange ndiye wokutanga munyika chepamusoro kwenhamba mumisika dzakadaro. Pakarepo, tinoona kuti hazvibviri kuti zvakazara kuongorora kukura capitalization kana nhamba makambani, akadai Nehunde exchange. Zvisinei, zvinobvira kuongorora kukura kwebasa kutengesa kwayo, izvo zviri zvikuru. A mwedzi nezuva CME yaiitisa kwema munokosha kupfuura maviri anosvika tiririyoni US madhora, riri kanoverengeka yakakura kupfuura misika wemari. Uyewo, Chicago Stock Exchange ane zvakasiyana-siyana zvinhu. Riri dzakawanda zvokutenga pokugadzwa muimba, inova yakabatana skyscraper Willis Tower - kuvaka, ndicho chirefu kupfuura munyika kusvikira 1998.

chishongedzo

Oga ari conglomerate rinonzi CME Group. Chicago Mercantile Exchange Rinowanikwawo sezvamunoita wayo, izvo kunosanganisirawo New York Mercantile Exchange, nyika mutungamiri mumafuta kutengeserana. Saka, hanya pacharo - riri sangano hombe, zvakasimba kugara nzvimbo yokutanga munyika mune twa zvokutengeserana, kubvira mari nomukaka uye kupedza simba uye zvirimwa.

zvinokonzera

Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi19 muUnited States Amerikig Erie Canal yakavakwa. Its chikuru basa raiva nechokwadi kufambira uye chichiitwa chokufambisa pakati nechepakati uye nechokumabvazuva inoti. chiitiko ichi chakaita kuti simba kukura vaviri mumaguta makuru - Chicago uye New York. Uyezve, Chicago ariwo simba njanji Junction, izvo chaizvo musoro kuti chikuru unobatanidza chinhu pakati varimi Vehurumende papurazi nzvimbo uye mumaguta ose USA East. Chicago zvakare ingangodaro zita chikuru yokuchengetera zvinhu munyika, nokuda kakawanda kutyorwa namagwatidziro pakati kumatunhu paiva mubvunzo pamusoro kuchengetera kuparara zvigadzirwa, uye nokuti guta rinoreva "vashoma" yokuchengetera zvinhu chikuru uye akava chikuru dura yose simba North America.

Wokutanga okisheni

Pakupindura mubvunzo: "Kana Chicago Mercantile Exchange rakaumbwa," isu anoratidza kuti akanga 1874. Pakutanga iye specialized bedzi ari kutengeswa mishonga zvinangwa zvokurima uye akanga zita mafuta-zai yomukati. Nokuti kuti nhumbi dzakanga dzakananga chaizvo (izvo hazvibviri nguva dzose kununura), kubva pamazuva Exchange neramangwana vakatanga kushandiswa.

Muna 1895, kuti kutsiva bhodhi iri rakasvika Zvinhu Exchange Ruomba Egg Board, iro rine vasununguka uye yakajeka mamiriro ezvinhu chinoshingaira kutengeserana. Zvisinei, munhau yaizotangira yevagari kurwisana nezvombo zvakakonzera kuti akaumba munhu papuratifomu yakazvimirira inonzi Chicago Ruomba Egg Board, rwakazokura zvikabva chazvokwadi zvokutengeserana pakakwirira huripo nhasi.

Vava kuda kuparara

Pasinei nokuti Chicago Mercantile Exchange - remasangano nemarudzi adzo munyika, asi kunyange hazvina kupunyuka vatarisana kusauka. Zvino Kuma1960. Vose mhosva vakashumira zvikuru richizvitenda kuedza pakatanga zvigadzirwa zvitsva kudare. Pakutanga, ava vaiva neramangwana zvibvumirano, akanga vakagumisa kuti kutenga chizi, maapuro, zvishoma pfungwa, asi bhuku zvibvumirano vakagumisa zvigadzirwa izvi zvaiva pasi kwazvo. Zvino kubva okisheni zvakabviswa zvachose mafuta uye mbatatisi nokuda kwavo kutenga kudiwa akatosvika razero. Historical nguva anogona kunzi uye kufarirwa pamusoro zvemitemo pamwero pamutemo chiito, iyo hakubvumidzwi chose wokutengesera nehanyanisi. Congressmen takarurama chisarudzo chake nokutaura kuti nenzira iyi achadzivirirwa ne kodzero vaburitsi, nokuti vanofungidzira pakuita kubiridzira ari wemari exchange. izvi zvose zviri nhamba iri uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. kwakaguma chokwadi kuti kushanda Exchange iri rinenge zvachose kurega. Zvinonzi pedyo rakwo kuvhara, asi kuguma kwayo haisi "kurarama", asi zvakare akatanga kuwana ayo tichimhanya.

resumption kuti kutengesa

Chicago Mercantile Exchange, kana pane vatungamiriri ayo, akatsvaka mukana kuramba zvakasimba. Uye basa kwakakomborerwa. Muna 1966, musi zvokutengeserana pasi rakanga neramangwana kuti nechando nyama yenguruve, pahwaro inova bhekoni. Yokusiyana chibvumirano ichi ndechokuti akava wokutanga munhoroondo wemari wokutengesera. Asi kuchengetera zvinhu zvavaida chaiwo mafiriza. Uye panguva imwe chete riri Stock Exchange ndiye mumwe chibvumirano kubudirira nokuti mombe kuti hamucharambi zvinoda okuchengetera. Vose zvibvumirano izvi uye zvimwe zvakagadzirwa dzinoverengeka vakabatsira kuti chokwadi kuti musika rakandiponesa. mukurumbira wayo akatanga kukura zuva nezuva, uye kuti ave nhengo kwava anodhura: zviuru zvitatu 1964 yakawedzera kusvika 8500 muna 1965. Muna 1968, kuti nhengo kadhi raiva chinyorwa mutengo - 38 zviuru zvemadhora.

budiriro ichikosha

Chicago Board Options Exchange muna 1970 ndine utariri itsva, iyo zvinoratidzwa kuti pakafunuka kuri kuwedzera zvokutengeserana sezvaari zvipire kusuma maturusi itsva inishuwarenzi pangozi nokuda mari. Somugumisiro, muna 1972, tiri akavhura chikamu chitsva rinonzi Exchange International Monetary Market (IMM). Exclusivity kuti danho iri ndechokuti chikamu ichi razova yokutanga munyika neramangwana papuratifomu kune yaivapo chawo mari. Zvakaenda pariri akabva chaizvo uye mari yakawanda. Range kuti midziyo vakakura nokukurumidza, uye nokuti Chicago Stock Exchange kuwedzera. Gare gare, zvakagadzirwa vanoverengeka vave akasuma: zvibvumirano nokuda Eurodollars rates, mvumo Mini-zvibvumirano, neramangwana riri indices siyana. Saka, nezvokupindira ane zvokutengeserana pakakwirira kwazova kufadza.

Electronic Kutengeserana

The Chicago Mercantile Exchange zvokukurumidzira vatanga yayo yokutanga yemagetsi zvokutengeserana wemuTesitamende kare kure nesu muna 1987. Panguva iyoyo, vatengesi vakawanda chokwadi chaizvo pamusoro asingashumbi ichi nokuti tinotenda (uye zvakarurama) kuti somugumisiro musika uyu muzvikamu zviviri, uye ivo acharasikirwa makomborero avo. Zvisinei, zvakanga aingova kuedza.

Modified uye zvizere pfungwa vanotengesa yemagetsi rezvebonde akazviratidza pamusoro Exchange chete pashure pemakore mashanu. Zvinonzi anonzi CME Globex. Pakutanga, zvakanga raishanda chete webetsero Kuwedzera kuvhura dzokutengeserana panguva apo vakanga mumuviri akavharwa. Muna 1998, urongwa uhwu hwakanga upgraded napo. Zvinoguma dziva mhere vatengesi, iri yoUmambo, uye vatengesi izvo zviri kuita application zvakananga hurongwa. Zvakanga pakarepo vakabvumirana kuti zvachose vechikamu vese rinoitwa zvakaenda vakaenzana mune kodzero dzavo. Zvisinei, vatengesi vakawanda vaimanikidzwa vachiri kusiya kutengesa imba sezvo vakanga vaibhadhara zvakarurama mukuru nhengo mari yechikoro, asi haana kugamuchira chero tibatwe mu kudzoka.

kusvetukira mukati

Muna 2000, chinjanai vatungamiri akasarudza kuisa migove wayo New York Stock Exchange. Nokuda kwaizvozvi CME BOKA Chicago Mercantile Exchange akava wokutanga muUnited States, rwakazokura pachena kutengesa mugove wayo. Pakupera 2002 taiita chipiriso voruzhinji vari uwandu mamiriyoni 191 US emadhora. Sezvo conglomerate rakura dzimwe nguva, asi kuchengetedzeka chekambani vari vaitengeserana uye kusvikira nhasi. Mamaneja akakwezva mari kuti pave itsva ruzivo, pakatanga itsva features, kuwedzera okutengesa zvakarukwa zvakananga. Izvi dzinoruramiswa zvakazara pacharo, nokuti mune makore mashomanana kuti kutengesa kunge akawanda akatamira zvemagetsi platforms, uye vatengesi vakatanga kushanda zvose pfungwa panyika, saka zvakawedzera turnover pamusoro mukutsinhana pacharo uye mubereko boka.

Ezvemutauro

The Chicago Stock Exchange nhasi vanogona vatengi ayo sezvo zvinhu mhando ina huru:

• Trademarks, chinyakare makondirakiti (kunyanya mombe nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka).
• Kufarira prices. The chikuru zvinzvimbo euro emadhora.
• nyika mari kungova G10, uye kusimukira.
• Stock maindex.

The Chicago Exchange zvokutengeserana rinotakura dzakawanda matatu zvokusarudza uye neramangwana zvibvumirano panyika mari makumi mashanu. Saka pane kuparadzana currency "Big Ten" inodaro mari dzichiri kusimukira uye Mini-zvibvumirano. Yokupedzisira nzira inobatsira chaizvo kuti ayo pasi vhoriyamu uye shoma mari, uye saka yakakwirira charehwa avo vatengesi vaiuya mugotenga pamusika wemari pamwe "Forex". Verengai kwema pamusoro IMM chete zvikuru uye ari kuwanda $ 100 billion pazuva. Unotora ari kwema uye Russian Ruble, asi unorema inowira pasi dhora, euro, Yen uye British paundi.

Kana zvokurima zvigadzirwa, nzvimbo yokutanga muchikwata ichi ndezvaJehovha zviyo exchange. A zuva riri kutengesa pauriri ndee kumativi 600,000 zvibvumirano. The Vhoriyamu tsika kuri kuwanda 3b bushels (kana 100M cubic metres).

Kana gorosi, iyo iri Russia ndiyo tsika pane nhamba imwe, ipapo pamusoro Chicago Stock Exchange rokutengesa ayo yekudyidzana shure zviyo - katatu.

Interesting zvinhu nokuti paIndaneti vatengesi

Kana tikaenzanisa kuti chinhu exchange wemari, zvinokosha kuziva kuti chokutanga zvikuru dzokufungidzira, kusiyana wechipiri. Izvi imhaka yokuti chinhu Exchange rinonyatsotarira kupa chaiko kukurumidza zvinodiwa vatengi, uye kunyange yose nyika kuti simba, akasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu uye zvokudya. Share anogona kutenga, kutengesa kana kuzodzosera tengesa pakarepo kana kunyange kwemakore akawanda. Asi Upfu eparafini kana ngoro pamwe zvokurima zvigadzirwa kuti resell rakaoma zvikuru, nekuti mushure iwe anovagamuchira anenge pakarepo mutengi anodzishandisa kuti chinangwa chahwo. Uye nekuti vatengesi pomumbure vari kuratidza kufarirwa chinhu neramangwana uye zvokusarudza, vanogona kutengeswa sezvo sezvo siyana kuchengetedzeka. Zvisinei, wokuita zvemusika zvokusarudza uye neramangwana - zvinoreva kutora yakakwirira chaizvo ngozi tichienzanisa wemari wokutengesera. Asi panguva uye unodzokera tichitarisa mari zvikuru nokukurumidza.

kupinda mitemo

Iva nhengo Stock Exchange mu Chicago anogona kuva murume, ane zera riri makore asingasviki 21 kwete. Zvisinei, anofanira kunge mukurumbira wakanaka uye inokurudzirwa vaviri huripo nhengo exchange. Kwemazuva matatu kubva panguva kunyorerana dzaro mutsva Exchange nhengo vanosungirwa kubhadhara nhengo kubhadhara kuna Chicago kutengeserana nokuwadzana.

Conflict chisarudzo

Nokufamba kutengesa pamusoro Stock Exchange pane mukuru rinofanira kuti iwe tinganetseka kujairika ezvinhu, mhosva iyo kukanganisa inogona yokuedza kuti kuchinja uye zvichingodaro. Panyaya iyi, gakava riri kugadziriswa panguva Exchange kwazvakarerekera muviri - kuyananisa kana kuyananisa dare.

Tinovimba kuti nyaya ino kuchaita kuti kubata kana Chicago Stock Exchange rakaumbwa, ayo chikuru munhoroondo varipo uye zvinhu.