Alexandrinsky Theater: kare, photo, wongororo

Mumwe mukuru kuRussia, wokutanga State Theater Alexandrinsky nguva dzose kufarira kuruzhinji uye pedyo pfungwa vatsoropodzi. Kwaari nhoroondo inokosha: chinofanira dzinoenderana mukuru pachinzvimbo chevatatu Imperial Theater, uye zvizivikanwe nokuripisa nokukudzwa kumira kwemakore anopfuura 250.

chizvarwa

mwanasikana Peter rekutonga Mukuru Elizabeth Kunoonekwa nokuva sefungu upenyu nemagariro muRussia. Zvikurukuru kana zvinoratidza nokukurumidza kuwedzera zvaiitwa maindasitiri, akasika chaizvo private dzemitambo, kuenda kutenderera troupe vokune dzimwe nyika vatambi, playwrights akanyora Mitambo vokutanga Russian. Mumwe anopiwa kudiwa uye pakusikwa State Theater muenzaniso mamwe makuru European. Uye August 30, 1756 Empress Elizabeth Petrovna chirevo pave yokutanga Imperial yemitambo muRussia. Saka ramangwana Alexandrinka anowana rayo yepamutemo hweHIV.

yemitambo Russian First anonzi, inoshandiswa kumirira mutambo uye njodzi. Hwaro troupe vanobva Yaroslavl: Fyodor Volkov, uyo akazova mutungamiriri troupe uye vatambi Demetrius, Volkov uye Popov. Munyori wemitambo uye mitambo mukuru anova Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov, anonzi baba Russian mutambo. Hwaro repertoire rine French dambe kuti Racine, Beaumarchais, Voltaire, Molière, uyewo mabasa nevanyori Russian: Fonvizin, Sumarokov, Lukin Knyazhnin. Huru kusimbiswa kuti taifanira inoshandiswa pakutsigira comedies.

kuvakwa kwezvivako

Theater akanakidzwa incredible kukurumbira muSt Petersburg, asi nzvimbo yake akanga iye vakadzungaira kune nzvimbo yakasiyana, zvinokosha kunge chivakwa chaiyo. Asi makore chete pashure 76 pashure pakuvambwa akazviratidza Alexandrinsky Theater, kero iyo yava kuzivikanwa kuti chero yemitambo-goers. Panzvimbo pakutanga yaiva yemapuranga chivako vaishumirwa Italian troupe Kazassi. Asi gare gare yemitambo yakadhirika, nenzvimbo atenga zviri papfuma, uye ipapo zvakaipisisa damage moto 1811, zvinetso ake kutsauswa nehondo pamwe Napoleon.

Asi pasinei kushaya mari, muna 1810 Carl Rossi anosika chirongwa nharaunda kugadzirisa. Yakanga chete 30s, pasi Nicholas I, zvakakomba kunomutsa mubvunzo yaivakwa yemitambo. Carl Rossi anova musoro kwacho, akatora chikwata chake ezvivako uye Galberga Tkachev. The kuvakwa yave paakapiwa mari yakawanda, uye basa atanga kubika nokuti mujinga chivakwa vave Akarovera muvhu 5000 mirwi, asi zvemaoresa sei kusarudza kuponesa. Asi, mhangura uye ndarira akashandisa mufananidzo nehuni kuvesa.

The mamiriro yakavakwa mumakore 4 chete, uye August 31, 1832 Alexandrinsky Theater, vane kero - Ostrovsky Square, 6, akawana chivakwa zvakavakwa mukuru mapurani nguva yedu. Carl Rossi akatungamirira kwete chete kune kuvaka, pasi noutungamiriri hwake, akanga mudzidziso upenyu chirongwa nzvimbo uye yomukatikati kushongedzwa mumba. Alexandrinsky Theater, iro nhasi ane pikicha iri Album nzvimbo dzose vakashanyira St. Petersburg, ndiyo shongwe yacho akitekiti kukuru.

Architecture uye mukati magadzirirwo

Alexandrinsky Theater akava nhengo hombe-pamwero madhorobha budiriro chirongwa muRussia. The France pamberi akatarisa Neva prospectus, rakagadzirirwa sezvo rakadzika balconies 10 mbiru riri pamusoro atiki akakurumbira quadriga Apollo. Maererano frieze kuti ndandanda building, yaiva welaurel nezvishongo uye chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo Masiki. The divi pamadziro vari yakashongedzwa porticoes 8 pembiru. Chivako chiri Empire manyorerwo ndiyo chindori chaiyo St. Petersburg. Side mumugwagwa unoenda yemitambo ikozvino unobereka zita Rossi, yakanga yakagadzirirwa nokuda mapurani mitemo yakaoma yekare. Yakafara akaenzana pakakwirira zvivako uye vakawedzera kureba chaizvo 10 nguva. Street chakagadzirirwa nenzira sezvo kusimbisa zvokushamisira uye ukuru mapurani nemamiriro mufananidzo.

Richienda mambo aigona chete kuona yakatsvuka, asi chinokosha haana yakakwana kwazvo, uye kuti rayo raizoparadzwa kunonotsa zvikuru buri. The mapurani akakwanisa mutongi vabvume - sezvo yemitambo akapiwa kwayo yebhuruu upholstery ikozvino yakakurumbira. The Imba inogona kutakura vanenge 1770 vanhu, vakanga 107 mabhokisi, zvidyiro zvamabhiza, maberere uye nhurikidzwa, kupenya magadzirirwo anohupa zvinoshamisa acoustics.

Imperial kumwedzi

Vachikudza mukadzi Nicholas I, yemitambo ainzi ari Alexandrinsky. Anova musimboti kwechikuva upenyu Russia. Pano yakatanga Russian theatre tsika, iyo gare gare ndichava kubwinya munyika. Alexandrinsky Theater pashure zvakawanikwa inotsigira zvatinosiita repertoire mutemo: nayo kufanorongwa kunyanya mutambo uye nziyo dambe. Asi pashure repertoire hunowedzera chakakomba, vari pano premieres Griboyedov Comedy "Nhamo kuna vaiti", "Inspector" N. V. Gogolya, "mabhanan'ana" Ostrovsky. In yemitambo basa iri nguva mukuru vatambi: Davydov, Savina, Komissarzhevskaya, Svobodin, Strepetova nevamwe vazhinji.

Pakazopera remakore rechi19 Alexandrinsky Theater anoenda nokuti simba kambani uye zvesimba ayo pamusoro ndima nezvakanakisisa mutambo dzemitambo mu Europe.

Early remakore rechi20 pakataurwa dambudziko, vakakoniwa kunzvenga Alexandrinsky Theater. Muna 1908, akatungamirira chikwata anowana V. Meyerhold, inotsvaka pave repertoire idzva, asi panguva imwe chete yakanyatsoita anochengeta aivapo tsika. Iye kumutsa rakasiyana zvesimba: "Don Giovanni", "anoedzesera", "Storm", izvo ounyanzvi ane mumutambo chikoro chitsva.

kweSoviet

Pashure October Revolution muna 1917, yemitambo akapomerwa mbiri youmambo simba, nguva dziri oma. Muna 1920 zvakanzi zita rokuti Petrograd Mutongo Drama Theater, uye iye anotanga vachishingaira kuisa mutambo mutsva, "The Lower pakadzika" uye "vaFiristia" Gorky kutamba Merezhkovsky, Oscar Wilde, George Bernard Shaw, Alekseya Tolstogo uye kunyange Lunacharsky (commissar of Education).

In boka, nokuedza mukuru mukuru Yuriya Yureva, akachengetedzwa renyeredzi vatenzi akare, vakabatana vatambi chechikoro chitsva: Yakov Malyutin, Leonid Vivien, Elena Karjakin. MuHondo Yenyika II, yemitambo yakanga akatizira Novosibirsk, apo vatambi vakaramba kuridza zvinoratidzwa. Muna 1944, boka vakadzokera Leningrad.

The post-hondo uye makore akazotevera kwaisava nyore tsika zvavo uye Alexandrinka kusanganisira. Asi achiri kuonekwa anozivikanwa zvesimba akadai "Upenyu ruvara" kwakavakirwa Dovzhenko, "vakundi" pamusoro BN Chirskovu.

MuSoviet basa nguva kunoshamisa vatambi: V. Merkur'ev, A. Freundlich, V. Smirnov, N. Marton, N. Cherkasov, VI Gorbachev uye penya vatungamiriri: L. Vivian G. Kozintsev, N. Akimov, G. Tovstonogov. Yemitambo haana kurasa kushanda kwayo, pasinei nematambudziko pfungwa.

Back to zvinokosha

Muna 1990 akadzokera zita rayo yepakutanga, uye nyika anooneka zvakare Alexandrinsky Theatre. Makore perestroika apiwa hakusi nyore, asi yemitambo zvinogoneka kwete chete kuti vararame, asiwo kuchengeta troupe uye rakasiyana wemabhuku zvemaoresa uye zvokushandisa. Nemhaka kuitwa academician D. S. Lihacheva, munhu aiziva National pfuma anova Alexandrinsky Theatre. St. Petersburg hazvibviri kufungidzira pasina sangano iri tsika. Iye chiratidzo wokuRussia yemitambo, sezvo mukuru Mariinsky Theater.

nhasi

Alexandrinsky Theater, izvo akaongororazve vari dzinenge nguva dzose kunyorwa anopenya nemashoko, kuedza kuchengeta muchiso nhasi. Kubvira 2003, anomira musoro wekambani Valery Fokin. Ake kuita zviri Alexandrinsky Theater Festival ndakaiswa zita chete. Achitungamirirwa Fokine vakabata mukuru rokuvakazve yemitambo. Iye akava nechokwadi kuti yemitambo yaiva chiitiko chechipiri, wakaisa experimental zvesimba. It inoshandisa akanakisisa vatambi uye directors. Theater anoona basa raro kuchengetedza tsika Russian chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo chikoro, mukutsigira dzinokura itsva uye kubatsira matarenda.

Famous theatre nezvinobvamo

The repertoire Alexandrinka nguva dzose aiva akaisvonaka kutamba, akaisa pano ose Classics Chekhov, Gorky, Ostrovsky, Griboyedov. Nhasi, mabasa ose Alexandrinsky Theater ndivo yakanakisisa mabasa playwrights: "Nora" Ibsen, "The Living Corpse" by L. NdiTolstoy, "Marriage" Gogol, "The Double" by Fyodor Dostoevsky. mashoko nechimwe chiitiko pose kukosha. Fokin ane mutsa chaizvo kune repertoire mutemo, anoti hapana netsaona nezvinobvamo. Mission Theater - manyepo Classics, uye yokupedzisira ine aitungamirira chinzvimbo Billboard Alexandrinka.

The troupe of Alexandrinsky Theater

Alexandrinsky Theater (St. Petersburg) anozivikanwa munyika yose. Nhasi mune boka kushanda vakamborwa zvakadai zvaiitika, sezvo N. Urgant, N. Marton, V. Smirnov, E. Ziganshin, uyewo matarenda vechidiki: S. Balakshin, E. Belov, Alexander Bolshakov, Alexander Frolov.