Elizabeth Tudor 1: Biography, zvipfuwo uye dzimwe negwaro. Muratidze 1 Elizabeth Tudor sezvo wezvematongerwe enyika. Ndiani anotonga pashure 1 Elizabeth Tudor?

1 Elizabeth Tudor (Makore oupenyu - 1533-1603) - Queen kweEngland, vane mabasa kubatsira paumbwe mufananidzo Golden Age. Iye akatenda kuti varove nayo mundege yayo. Domestic uye vatorwa Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 mupfumi chaizvo uye hunakidze. Munyaya ino tichataura pamusoro wake ushe, kuuya kwake Biography. Munoziva, chii chaiva Tudor Elizabeth 1 sezvo wezvematongerwe enyika. Uyezve, isu tichati mashoko mashomanana pamusoro anotonga pashure pacho.

Origin Elizabeth

mambokadzi The ramangwana akaberekwa muna Greenwich Palace, iri muLondon nhasi. Ichi chiitiko chinokosha kuti nyika yakanga 7 September 1533. baba vake aiva Henry VIII Elizabeth, King wokuEngland, uye mai - Anne Boleyn. Mukadzi uyu aiva murandakadzi nokukudzwa pamberi mukadzi Henry wokutanga. Kuti kumuroora, iye akarambwa wake, Ekaterinoy Aragonskoy, akanga asingakwanisi kumupa wenhaka, uye akauya kubva pasi pesimba papa. Muna 1534 Henry VIII akazviti musoro wekereke Chirungu. Anne Boleyn (hunomirirwa pazasi Portraits naye uye Henry) muna May 1536 vakaurayiwa, achipomera ake upombwe. Asi mhosva chaiye mukadzi waiva kuti aisakwanisa wobereka mwanakomana, Henry, mugari wenhaka chigaro.

Fate Elizabeth paitonga Edward VI

Elizabeth munguva pakati pokufa kwababa vake, kwakaitika muna muna 1547, uye yake accession kuti chigaro aifanira kuenda kubudikidza nhamo, izvo, chokwadi, zvinoratidzwa hunhu waro. Panguva yaitonga Edward VI, ake hafu-mukoma, uyo akatonga kubva muna 1547 kusvikira 1553, Mambokadzi ramangwana rakanga nokusaziva kubatanidzwa rangano, Ishe Admiral Thomas Seymour. Godo Eduardu Seymuru, munin'ina wake, uyo panguva vashoma pakati Edward VI aiva mudziviriri umambo, Thomas akaita zvisina kutsarukana kanoverengeka. Zviito izvi zvakatungamirira kudavira kuti ane urongwa nevapanduki d'pokupidigura hurumende nechisimba. Plan Thomas akaroora Erizabheti akava pamusoro kusangwarira. Chikomba akakundikana muna January 1549, akanga asungwa.

Paitonga Mary I uye Erizabheti dambudziko

Paitonga Mary I Tudor, kureva munguva kubva 1553 kusvikira 1558, Elizabeth akarembera pamusoro pangozi huru. Mary anouya hafu-hanzvadzi mambokadzi nezveramangwana. Apo Henry akarambana Catherine, amai vake, iye akanga atova zvakakwana mukuru kuziva nyadzi chokuita nayo. Maria akava hwokunyanyisa Catholic, akaita proispanskih tsitsi uye nehasha panguva mwanasikana Anny Boleyn.

Mushure akwira choushe, Maria airidza muchato kuna Firipi, uyo akanga ari mugari wenhaka kune Spanish choushe. Izvi ndozvakaita kuti pave vazhinji wokuronga. Chinonyanya kukosha kwavari anogona kunzi sezvo chiitiko mukupanduka January 1554 Thomas Wyatt vake. Kunyange zvazvo zviri pachena Elizabeth akasiya chitendero Catholic, zvakare kwakamboitwa rehurumende, Mapurotesitenzi haana kurega kuisa tariro yavo yakanga naye. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, ariko chaizvo chaiva kukanganisa Elizabeth Mary (wake asian unoratidzwa pazasi).

Mambokadzi ramangwana pashure kumukirawo Wyatt akasungwa uye ndokubva aisa muna Tower. Ikoko iye aifanira kupedza 2 months. Elizabeth zvino gore yave pasi pedyo pokudzora muna Woodstock, iri pedyo Oxford.

Entry chigaro. The mubvunzo muchechi mamiriro

1 Tudor Elizabeth akasvika choumambo 17 November 1558. Pamusangano yeParamende, yakaitirwa January gore rinouya, mubvunzo akamutswa pamusoro chechi mamiriro. The Queen yakagadzirira kuparadzana kwebasa raPapa veRoma uye Chechi England, asi mune zvimwe achizoita kuita kumwe mweya, nokungwarira zvikuru. The House of Commons vakataura pamusoro kudiwa yakakura uye asingabvumi kuchinja zvinhu. Elizabeth anoda episcopal sangano chechi uye basa, vakatanga kushandisa dzinonzi mukuru-chechi. Pakupedzisira, mumwe musarudze akanga asvika, yainzi Via nhau, iro rinoshandurwa kubva muchiLatin rinoreva "nzira pakati." Elizabeth zvokuchinja akaratidza zvinhu Chechi England, izvo zvakachengetedzwa kufambidzana. Kunyange zvakadaro, havana chamuita kuti kusagutsikana nevaPurotesitendi, uye nevaKaturike.

The mubvunzo yokugara

Parliament, uyewo vakuru vehurumende vainyanya nezveramangwana Protestantism munyika. Chokwadi kuti Queen Elizabeth 1 Tudor ndiye wekupedzisira Tudor dzinza. Sezvo zvinhu enyika uye zvatinozvisarudzira zvakakonzera chokwadi chokuti akaramba kusvikira parufu rwake mhandara. Mapurotesitenzi handidi kubvumira muKaturike chigaro. Asi Mary Stuart, Mambokadzi Scots, vane kodzero korona England, chete Catholic. Kutaura zvazviri, Elizabeth ari oga. It akasarudza kumbosendeka mubvunzo yokugara. It akasimbisa yakarurama pamusoro refu-yakamira ushe (anenge 45 years). Zvisinei, mukuoma Mambokadzi kokutanga akatungamirira takagumbuka pamusoro chikamu Paramende, uye kurutivi yepedyo mazano. Izvi zvakanga kunyanya yo 1566.

Relations muEngland pamwe Scotland

Yakatsviriridza panguva ino achibva England Rara Scotland, apo muna 1559 nokukurumidza vaisimbirira pachayo Reformation. It akabata chinhu kumukira regent French, Marii Giz, aitonga muzita Mary Stuart, mwanasikana wake. Mariya Giz panguva iyoyo sezvo mubati Scotland uye mukadzi Mambo France. To vapanduki vaigona ndokudzinga French kubva nyika, zvaida kupindira Elizabeth. Muna 1562 uye kwenguva refu pashure kuti Queen akapindira munyaya dzomunyika enyika France. Iye akatsigira rwaipandukira Protestant (Huguenot) bato. Papera nguva, Elizabeth aitsigirawo Mapurotesitenzi muNetherlands, uyo akataura pamusoro King of Spain Philip II.

The ukama Mary Stuart

Muna 1561, akafa François II, murume waMaria Stuart. Pashure Mary uyu vadzokera kunyika yokumusha kwavo. Zvakatanga muzvinhu zvakawanda nharo uye kunzwisisa nhoroondo ukama naye Erizabheti. Kusiyana vapedzisira, Maria akanga asiri yokutungamirira. Akabviswa pashure chigaro Genriha Styuarta, mudzimai wake wechipiri. Mary mujeri, asi iye akakwanisa kutiza. Paakarasikirwa kune vavengi uyo akakunda mauto ake, uye ipapo dzakaguma England, vakayambuka muganhu.

Rakaitirwa May 1568 kusvika Stuart England akasika zvimwe zvinetso heroine ino. 1 Elizabeth Tudor sezvo wezvematongerwe enyika akanga ezvinhu akaoma. Hurumende ine Mariya ari musungwa, saka akatanga kukwezva kushorwa. MuEngland, nokukurumidza akatanga distemper, mumwe zvikonzero iyo yave chokuita pamberi Stuart. Vapanduki pakupera 1569 vakapandukira kuchamhembe. In February 1570 pakava nzombe akakamukana, panguva iyo 1 Elizabeth Tudor akanzi pachigaro, uye vagari vayo asunungurwa kubva mhiko kuna Queen. VaKaturike kutizira kunze. Vari inobva kondinendi seminari vakawana apo paumbwe uye kukurisa nevakomana Catholic uye akatuma semamishinari England. Chinangwa kwebasa raPapa raiva akudubure Erizabheti tichibatsirwa rechiFrench vebato achinyepera uye masimba yeSpeini. Pachigaro choushe akanga akaronga kuzomisa Mary Stuart.

Paramende uye vashumiri Queen vakatanga vanoda mitemo yakaomarara pamusoro vaKaturike kunyanya mamishinari. Ridolfi rangano Elizabeth rakaonekwa muna 1572. Zvakanga zvaisanganisira uye Mary Stuart. Pashure rangano iyi vashumiri uye muParamende aida mhosva Mariya hurumende. Zvisinei, Elizabeth akasarudza kupindira, saka nechivimbo haana zvaitika. Pakafa chisarudzo kushayisa Stewart chaipo choumambo England, Elizabeth rinorambidzwa kurambidza ake.

Panhengo vapristi seminaries kubva 1580 vakatanga kusimbisa vaJesuit. Spain mugore iroro akanga yakatora Portugal. Kwenguva refu, Elizabeth vakabatsira kupanduka Netherlands kuzorwa Spain. Izvi, uyewo akenda British vachirwisa pamusoro Spanish dzaitongwa zvakazoita kuti kunetsana.

William ari Silent Murder. chibvumirano Association

Nguva pfupi pashure rangano akanga pachena Throckmorton, muna 1584, yakasvika pakuzivikanwa kuti muNetherlands, akaurayiwa naWilliam Yakanyarara, aiva muKaturike. Chirungu VaPurotesitendi akaumba anonzi Treaty Association. Chinangwa chake chaiva hwokuuraya M. Stewart panyaya chichava kuedza pamusoro mambokadzi yavo.

Chinotsigira Dutch rokumukira. The kuuraya Marii Styuart

Kufa William Yakanyarara kwakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti Dutch rokumukira yakarasikirwa mutungamiri wayo. Izvi vakasundira Dutch Queen Elizabeth atume kubatsira British mauto, akaraira kuti Graf Lester. Zvino mumatsutso 1585. Uyu Kupindira rakashama akanga kwakangofanana nokunzi hondo.

The vatorwa Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 haadi zvienderane wose. Babington rangano akanga akafukunurwa 1586. Chinangwa chake chaiva kuuraya Queen Elizabeth uye yokutonga Mary. The yokupedzisira akatora chikamu mairi. Iye akaisa achitongwa. Maererano chisarudzo chakagamuchirwa neParamende mumakore 1584-1585, iye akatongerwa rufu. Mumatsutso 1586 kwakaitika pamusoro convening yeparamende. Aigara akadzokorora rakapa chinodiwa haasiyi sarudzo Elizabeth. Mary aifanira kuuraya February 8, 1587.

The Spanish armáda

Kufa Mariya aiva riwedzere kune inonzi Catholic zvebhizimisi pamusoro England. Summer Spanish armáda muna 1588 akapinda mugungwa kuitira kuputsa Chirungu rengarava uye kufukidza kumhara pamhenderekedzo nyika iri Spanish Army. maawa anopfuura 8 hondo inokosha rwakatora. Asingakundiki armáda somugumisiro payakanga. Rakanga vakapararira, uye munzira kuenda kuSpain nemhaka yemadutu, akatambudzika inorema kurasikirwa.

Action pamusoro Spain

Zvisinei, The hondo pakati England uye Spain haasi aimbonzi yaiva, kurwisana akazaruka pakati States mberi. Henry III, mambo France, akaurayiwa muna 1589. Pashure paizvozvo Elizabeth azvuzvurudzirwa kuva nebope itsva mberi. The Catholic League wokuFrance, vachitsigirwa Spain, vaishora ushe Henry IV ose, akakodzera mugari wenhaka. Aiva mutungamiri webato iri Huguenots. Koroleva Elizaveta akabatsira Henry kurwa.

Izvi pfupi vatorwa mutemo 1 Elizabeth Tudor. Netafura, Chokwadi, ingadai chakabatsira kupa ruzivo muchidimbu. Zvisinei, Queen ari mabasa inonakidza zvokuti havadi kuenda nzira iyi kutaura mashoko. Tinotenda kuti nenzira inofanira kudonongodzwa uye dzomunyika Politika Elizavety Tudor 1. The tafura pano zvichange pasiri ipo. Chinhu pamusoro pezviri enyika Queen, hatina dudza. Very kuziva ukama vashumiri vake uye courtiers. Tinopa iwe kuzivana navo.

Vashumiri uye courtiers kuna Elizabeth

The Queen akaratidza kuvimbika kukuru boka racho yake, iyo, zvichida, haana kuratidza chero mambo. 1 Elizabeth Tudor, ane Biography ndiyo testamendi ayo anoshamisa unhu, kuzvidzora vakanonga zvose vashumiri vake. Uilyam naVaSesil aiva mumiriri wokutanga. Elizabeth vaivimba naye kupfuura munhu. Mune zvimwe varairiri Queen vaiva: Walter Mayldmey, Frensis Uolsingem, mwanakomana William - Robert Cecil, uye Thomas Smith. Ava vaiva varume vashumiri zvinoshamisa. Pasinei neizvi, Elizabeth akanga agara mudzimai wavo uye vatenzi. Ichi chinhu chinokosha kune avo vanofarira hunhu 1 Elizabeth Tudor.

Mambokadzi akanga kunze vashumiri uye courtiers. Nhamba dzepamusorosoro vaiva: Christopher Hatton, Graf Lester, uye Robert Devereux, Earl pamusoro zimbabwe. Elizabeth akaramba zvishoma ushamwari Francis Bacon uye Walter Rayleigh, nekuti havana kuvimba nounhu hwevanhu, asi aiva mukuru pfungwa nezvavaikwanisa.

Noukama Elizabeth Earl pamusoro zimbabwe

Burley, uyo akararama kusvikira 1598, aida kuratidza simba nenzvimbo Robert Cecil, mwanakomana wake muduku. Akanga vaikwanisa, asi aiva akaremara. Earl pamusoro zimbabwe, muduku aristocrat (asian ake anopiwa pamusoro), akataura achipikisa izvi. At kubatwa pamusoro Cadiz, iyo yakaitika muna 1596, iye akawana kumeso kupima nokubwinya kukuru. Zvisinei, apo amira kuti achingopiwa vavariro zvechiuto, kuwedzera mutemo, aifanira muhondo pamwe Cecilia.

Elizabeth akaita kufarira pamusoro zimbabwe, murume ane runako rukuru. Aiyemura unhu hwake. Zvisinei, Mambokadzi haina kudaro anonakidzwa pamwe zimbabwe, kumutsigira mune ngozi kuedza enyika. Iye nemaune kusimudzirwa yapamusoro Roberta Sesila, panguva iyoyowo counteracting zimbabwe pakuvavarira kwemwoyo chokuunzira soro panzvimbo rwevamiriri vavo. Dzakadaro Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 pamusoro iyeye.

A nhamba pachake musazonetsanazve vakatevera pakati Elizabeth wake kufarira. Kamwe mambokadzi kuibata parutivi nzeve, sezvo iye kwazvo vakadzokera kwaari, achida kuenda (imwe shanduro, I akamupa nembama kuchiso). Kutyisidzirwa akatora munondo wake, achiti, kuti aisazobvumira kuvirima kwakadaro kubva munhu aiva pasi, kwete somuranda.

1599 ndopakaperawo munhoroondo pamwe zimbabwe. Ipapo Elizabeth akarayira kufarira vasaziva yemuna akatanga muIreland Tyrone. Pashure pokugamuchira zvakafanira zvose zvinhu kubva kuhurumende, haana kuteerera mirayiridzo London. Zimbabwe vari kuita mabasa vakundikana uye akaita chibvumirano ne vapanduki. Zvadaro, muna nokushorwa mirairo, akadzokera kuEngland. Zimbabwe kwakachinja hurumende kuitika pachena muna February 1601. Akaedza kusimudza yose London kurwisa Queen. Zimbabwe akanotongwa uye akaurayiwa February 25, 1601.

Pakurwisa puritanism

Domestic Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 kunoratidzwa nokuti Queen akaratidza nomukutsungirira pamusoro Puritanism. Iye akagadzwa muna 1583 mukuru weCanterbury, chavainyanya anokumhan'arira - John Vitgifta. Zvisinei, kushorwa haadi mapfumo. Dzimwe nhengo vafundisi takasarudza kuenda Presbyterianism. Rakanga nokukurumidza akasika sangano ane chinangwa chaiva kuparadzwa remabhishopu rakatanga. NevaPuritan vakavhura kushandisa simba Mumba Commons nezvimwe levers enyika. Elizabeth pakupedzisira aifanira kurwisana Mumba Commons. Kusvikira gumi okupedzisira ezana rokutonga Queen Kamuri iri tsitsi anenge chete nevaPuritan. Vari kunetsana pamwe Elizabeth nguva dzimwe nhengo dzeParamende akabatanidzwa. Uye vakagovana nawo pfungwa kwete chete panyaya yacho kuchinja Chechi yeEngland, asiwo vamwe: kutsivana kuda kuroorana, mukubata M. Stewart.

tsanangudzo pfupi rokutonga Elizabeth

Tudor ushe Elizabeth 1 waiva chimwe chezvinhu guru nguva munhoroondo England. Kubva pakutanga, VaPurotesitendi vaidavira kuti Queen rakaramba Providence. Aifanira kubata kukura nechomukati uye zvokunze kutyisidzira, uye vanhu kuda wake kuwedzera, uye akava chitendero pamusoro nguva. Domestic uye vatorwa Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 chakakurukurwa kwenguva refu pashure pokufa kwake. Uye mumazuva iwayo hazvirevi abate kufarira mutongi. Muratidze 1 Elizabeth Tudor sezvo enyika nhamba rinomutsa kuziva, kwete chete pakati dzekare asi pakati zhinji vanhu munyika yose.

Elizabeth afa

Koroleva Elizaveta akafa pana Richmond Palace, riri munzvimbo kuLondon ano. Iye akafa musi March 24, 1603. Ungangove, panguva yokupedzisira Elizabeth anonzi kana zvaimiririra amutsive. Vakava James VI, Mambo Scotland (James I wokuEngland). Ndizvo mitemo pashure 1 Elizabeth Tudor.

James I

Makore hwake - 1566-1625. Yakov 1 Chirungu akava wokutanga mambo England, achimiririra Stuart imba. Akauya choumambo March 24, 1603 James akava mambo wokutanga, aitonga vose umambo munzvimbo kuBritish Isles, panguva imwe chete. Sezvo simba chete, United Kingdom panguva iyoyo hariko. Scotland uye England vakanga Changamire inoti, dzakanga inotungamirirwa mambo. Nyaya anotonga pashure 1 Elizabeth Tudor, hapana muduku kunakidza pane nguva rokutonga Elizabeth. Asi kuti chimwe nyaya.