The kubhomba Yugoslavia (1999): zvinokonzera, migumisiro

NATO mashandiro muYugoslavia muna 1999, waiva mugumisiro emakore yevagari iri yakakura muBalkan Peninsula. Kamwe payo vakadonha imwe mugovanisi mamiriro, munzvimbo payakatanga pamberi akachengetwa kurwisana kwemarudzi. Chimwe chikuru manyuko kusawirirana kwakanga Kosovo. nharaunda iyi yakaramba kutongwa Serbia, kunyange akararama pano zvikurukuru vokuAlbania.

prerequisites

Mutual ruvengo pakati pavanhu vaviri yakatowedzera kubudikidza nyonganyonga uye mhirizhonga iri pedyo Bosnia uye Croatia, uyewo akasiyana chitendero. VokuSerbia - Orthodox, kuAlbania - vaMuslim. The kubhomba Yugoslavia dzakatanga muna 1999 nokuda madzinza, akaronga chakavanzika mabasa munyika. Vaiva mhinduro kutaura wokuAlbania separatists, uyo aida kuti Kosovo vasingatungamirirwi kuBelgrade uye pamurume nayo kuAlbania.

Bato iri yakaumbwa muna 1996. The separatists ndakasika rokuKosovo Rorusununguko. Mauto aro akatanga hwesangano kurwisa dzokuYugoslavia mapurisa nevamwe vamiririri chehurumende mudunhu. The dzakawanda akamutsa apo uto kupindura kurwisa vakarwisa misha inoverengeka Albanian. Kuuraya vanhu vanopfuura 80.

Panyaya vokuAlbania uye vokuSerbia

Pasinei akaipa yemarudzi maitiro, reYugoslavia President Slobodan Milosevic akaramba kutungamirira vakaoma policies ake pamusoro separatists. Muna September 1998, chisarudzo rakagamuchirwa panguva United Nations, vaidana zvose mapato kunetsana kuisa pasi zvombo zvavo. Panguva iyoyo, NATO vakashinga kugadzirira anobhomba Yugoslavia. Under yakadaro miviri pressurized Miloshevich vakadzokera shure. Mauto akanga wakasuduruka nemisha rugare. Vakadzokera nezvigadziko zvadzo. Pamutemo, iri nguva yekumbotaurirana yakanga yakasainwa October 15, 1998

Zvisinei, munguva pfupi zvakava pachena kuti daka iri rakadzika uye simba kuti aigona kumisa kuzivisa uye magwaro. Chibvumirano nguva nenguva anetseka vose vokuAlbania uye Yugoslavia. Muna January 1999, paiva kuponda mumusha Racak. mapurisa reYugoslavia akaurayiwa vanhu vanopfuura 40. Gare gare, zviremera raiti vokuAlbania avo vakaurayiwa muhondo. Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi ichi chiitiko chaiva chokupedzisira chikonzero achigadzirira pokuvhiyiwa, izvo kwakaguma kubhomba Yugoslavia muna 1999 gore.

Chii chakaita kuti hurumende US kutanga kurwisa izvi? Pamutemo, NATO anorova pana Yugoslavia kumanikidza hutungamiri munyika kumisa kuri nomutemo pamusoro vokuAlbania. Asi uyewo zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti apo enyika mumhuri kwamakuhwa yakagundika muUnited States, nekuda iyo President Bill Clinton kuti impeachment uye akatyisidzira yezve muhofisi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, "hondo diki nokukunda" raizova rinoshamisa akakwana kuti mafambire voruzhinji pamatambudziko wokumwe yokumwe.

asati avhiyiwa

Wokupedzisira runyararo hurukuro akadonha March. Pashure pokupedza yavo, kubhomba Yugoslavia muna 1999 gore. In Nhaurirano idzi akatora chikamu, uye Russia, ane utungamiri akatsigira Milosevic. Britain uye US kunge aronga chirongwa nokuda kusikwa rakafara kuzvionera kuti Kosovo. Panyaya iyi, remangwana mamiriro ari Territory anofanira chinorondedzerwa maererano migumisiro akakurumbira kuvhota makore mashomanana. Yakanga vaifungidzira kuti kusvika nguva kuKosovo chichava NATO anochengetedza runyararo simba, uye hondo reYugoslavia Interior hwoUmambo uye hondo akasiya nharaunda kuti ichengetedzwe kusawirirana. VokuAlbania akatora chirongwa ichi.

Yaiva rekupedzisira mukana kuti kubhomba Yugoslavia muna 1999, zvose zvakafanana havana kuitika. Zvisinei, vamiririri kuBelgrade ari Nhaurirano kubvuma zvinhu kuisa mberi. Vazhinji vavo havadi pfungwa chitarisiko NATO mauto muKosovo. Panguva iyoyowo, iyo Yugoslavs akabvumirana navamwe chirongwa. Hurukuro akaputsa. Musi waMarch 23, NATO akasarudza yakanga nguva kutanga kubhomba Yugoslavia (1999). Musi pokupedza kuvhiyiwa (aionekwa muna North Atlantic Treaty Organization) raiva kuitika chete kana muBelgrade anogamuchira basa racho.

Nhaurirano akanyatsotevera muUnited Nations. Sangano haana kupa go-mberi nokuda kubhomba. Uyezve, nokukurumidza pashure kutanga remapazi panguva Security Council akatora achipokana pairi zvinganaka kuziva US murwisi. Chisarudzo ichi chakatsigirwa Russia, North Korea uye Namibia chete. Zvose zvino uye ikozvino kushaya UN mvumo nokuti NATO kubhomba Yugoslavia (1999), vamwe vatsvakurudzi uye nevesangano anonzi uchapupu kuti hurumende US aregeredza yatyora dzemunharaunda mutemo dzakawanda.

NATO mauto

Kwakanyanya NATO kubhomba Yugoslavia muna 1999 aiva chikuru vemauto kushanda "omubatanidzwa Force". Pasi airstrikes vakawira inokosha rehurumende uye vemauto huru, vaiva pamusoro Serbian munharaunda. Dzimwe nguva vakatambura dzinogarwa dzoga, kusanganisira iri guru - Belgrade.

Sezvo kubhomba Yugoslavia (1999), migumisiro mufananidzo iyo vakapararira munyika yose, vakanga wakashamwaridzana chiito mavari, pamwechete United States, wakapindwa 13 dzimwe inoti. Pane yaishandiswa vamwe 1,200 ndege. Kunze avhiyesheni, NATO zvaisanganisira uye wengarava mauto - vatakuri ndege, kurwiswa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, sevatsvaki vemapuranga, vaparadzi, frigates uye Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika ngarava huru. The oparesheni yakanga wakapindwa 60,000 NATO nemauto.

mazuva 78 kubva akaramba kubhomba Yugoslavia (1999). Photos vakaurayiwa maguta Serbian zvinonzi nevakawanda kudzokororwa pachaunga. In zvachose munyika akasangana 35,000 sorties, NATO ndege, uye vanenge 23 zviuru zvombo uye mabhomba vakanga akadonhedza panyika yake.

Start kushanda

March 24, 1999, NATO ndege vakatanga danho rokutanga kubhomba Yugoslavia (1999). mukushanda musi kwave vakabvumirana pachine vatsigiri. Kamwe hurumende Milosevic aramba mubve mauto ayo kubva kuKosovo, NATO ndege akanga akapfeka takamuka. Yokutanga furidza waiva reYugoslavia mhepo kudzivirira hurongwa. Kwamazuva matatu akanga zvachose mitezo. With ichi vawana omubatanidzwa ndege isiyo ukuru mudenga. Serbian ndege akapotsa haana kusiya hangars dzavo, chete sorties shoma rwaiitwa kuti nguva makakatanwa.

On wa27 March akatanga kurwisa dzayo rehurumende uye uto kwezvivako, kusanganisira zviri zvikuru vanogara nzvimbo. Harare, Belgrade, Uzice, Kragujevac, muPodgorica - pano ari mazita maguta dzakawira kubhomba Yugoslavia rokutanga. 1999 akaona mumwe kunhivi ropa muBalkans. Pakutanga pokuvhiyiwa, President Russian Boris Yeltsin mune voruzhinji mashoko akakurudzira Bill Clinton kumisa mushandirapamwe uyu. Asi akasimba zvikuru vomunguva vakarangarira mumwe pechiitiko. Nomusi apo ndege vakatanga kubhomba Yugoslavia, kuRussia wehurumende Yevgeny Primakov vakamhanyira pamutemo kushanya kuUnited States. Tadzidza zvakaitika muBalkans, iye vakashinga akatendeukira bhodhi ake pamusoro kuAtlantic uye vakadzokera Moscow.

chirongwa

Mukupera March, Bill Clinton musangano pamwe NATO ake vatsigiri - vatungamiriri Germany, France, Great Britain, uye Italy. Pashure pomusangano ichi, uto kuramwa zvakawedzera. Guta idzva yakabhombwa Cacak. Panguva iyoyowo dzokuYugoslavia inokosha mauto akakunda mauto matatu NATO (vakanga zvose America). Vakazosunungurwa.

April 12 NATO ndege F-15E aifanira anobhomba zambuko (kuburikidza njanji apfuura). Zvisinei, pasi nokurohwa yaiva chitima chakanga pedyo uye akanga akatakura vanhuwo zvavo (nhasi Serbia kuti Isita uye vagari vazhinji vakaoneka kugara nehama mune mamwe maguta). Somugumisiro kudonha anoshongwa vakauraya vanhu 14. Yaingova chimwe mapenzi uye inosuruvarisa Zvikamu mushandirapamwe.

The kubhomba Yugoslavia (1999), iri pfupi, kwave akatungamirira kune zvinhu zvakawanda kana zvishoma kukosha. Saka, musi April 22, yakarohwa ne kumuzinda nyika kutonga Socialist Party yeSerbia. Omubatanidzwa ndege wakabhombwa uye dzokugara Milosevic, uyo, zvisinei, panguva iyoyo pakanga pasina. April 23 rakaparadzwa Belgrade dzepaterevhizheni. It akauraya vanhu 16.

Zvokuyananisa akazviratidzawo nokuda kushandiswa kwezvinhu sumbu mabhomba. Paaiva May 7 kubhomba pamusoro NIS, kwaiva kwakarongwa kuti chinangwa yekubva kuchaita Banga, yaiva pamusoro kweguta. For kujeka zvikonzero, mudziyo mabhomba akazarura yakakwirira mudenga, nokuti izvo anoshongwa nendege dzinogarwa dzoga, kusanganisira zvipatara uye pamisika. Vakaurayiwa vanhu 15. Imwe Njodzi dzakawanda akamuka pashure pokunge zvaitika.

Pazuva iroro Ndege chikanganiso yarova Chinese Embassy yokuBelgrade. Waitirwa kuchaitwa nhatu vanhu. In China akatanga kutaura Anti-American. Nedzenyu mishoni muna Beijing, akatambudzika zvikuru kukuvara. Tikafunga zviitiko izvi muguta guru China kukurumidza akaunganidza vamiririri vaviri nyika agadzirise kwamakuhwa. Somugumisiro, hurumende US akabvuma kubhadhara inopfuura $ 30 miriyoni vari muripo.

Rova pasi rekupinda zvakaitwa nokusaziva. NATO akanga aronga anobhomba chaiva pedyo, yaiva dzokuYugoslavia kudzora maoko kunze kwenyika. Mushure chiitiko, aishingaira vakakurukura shanduro vokuAmerica vakagura nokuti vakanga akashandisa yechinyakare map Belgrade. NATO akaramba nokufungidzira izvi. Nokukurumidza pashure pakupera remapazi muBalkans deginamajai konoro muchengeti kubvunza pamusoro pasi batana ndege, akasiya panguva chikumbiro yake. zvikanganiso zvakadaro uye nenjodzi chakazadzwa kubhomba Yugoslavia (1999). Zvinokonzera vanhuwo zvavo Papera munyaya Hague dare, apo zvibairo nehama dzavo nyaya dzakawanda kumatare pamusoro United States.

Russian macha kuna Harare

Senzira UN anochengetedza runyararo simba muBalkans kuma1990 uye aiva Russian boka. Akazvipa chikamu mune zviitiko muYugoslavia wokupedzisira pavaipfuura NATO kushanda. Kana June 10, 1999, Slobodan Milosevic akabvuma mubve mauto ayo kubva kuKosovo, zvinobudirira kubvuma kukundwa, nzvimbo Serbian nemauto munzvimbo vaitofanira kutora paumbwe North Atlantic Alliance.

Kwasara zuva kwapera, pausiku 11 ndipo kusvikira 12 zuva vakasuwa kuRussia rechiuto akabatana kuenda neherikoputa mauto vakaperekedza kuvhiyiwa kudzora Harare International Airport - guta guru nharaunda. ari paratroopers vasati akaisa chinangwa kutora chokufambisa nomusimboti pamberi zvichaita kuti NATO vemauto. The oparesheni akanga zvapedza. Senzira peacekeepers akanga Major Yunus-bek Yevkurov - ramangwana purezidhendi Ingushetia.

kurasikirwa

Tapedza kudzidza kushanda muBelgrade kuisa kuverenga nokurasikirwa izvo zvaiva bombardment Yugoslavia (1999). nyika Nokurasikirwa vakanga chinokosha upfumi. Serbian Masvomhu vaitaurirana pamusoro $ 20 mabhiriyoni. Zvinokosha rehurumende kwezvivako dzakaparadzwa. Pasi anoshongwa vouta mabhiriji, painocheneserwa mafuta, hombe maindasitiri zvivako, simba dzakabatana. Pashure paizvozvo, panguva yorugare pasina basa vaiva 500 zviuru vanhu muSerbia.

Nechekare mumazuva hwokushanda wokutanga yakazova vachiziva zvisingadzivisiki vanhuwo zvavo. Maererano Masvomhu Yugoslavia zviremera munyika vakauraya vanopfuura 1,700 zvavo. zviuru 10 vanhu vakakuvadzwa zvakakomba, zviuru zvakawanda vakarasikirwa nemisha yavo, uye mamiriyoni vokuSerbia vakasiya pasina mvura. In panhengo dzokuYugoslavia muchiuto yakauraya varwi vanopfuura 500. Kazhinji, vanogumburwa pasi nokurohwa kwakawedzera Albanian separatists.

Serbian mauto emuchadenga akafa mitezo. NATO rose oparesheni akabata nhamba mhepo ukuru. Vazhinji dzokuYugoslavia ndege chakaparadzwa haisati zvakohwewa (70 motokari). The NATO panguva yekutsvaga rutsigiro, vanhu vaviri vakaurayiwa. Yaiva vashandi pamusoro neherikoputa kuti yakadonha mumuedzo ndege pamusoro Albania. ReYugoslavia mhepo kudzivirira akapfura pasi maviri ndege muvengi, apo vezvikepe dzavo vabudiswa uye vakazopiwa akanhonga nokuda vanunuri. Zvakasara yakadonha ndege nhasi akaramba ari miziyamu. Apo yokuBelgrade akabvuma kuti zvichemo, vakazobvuma kukundwa, zvaiva pachena zvino kuti hondo yacho inogona kukundwa kana tikashandisa chete ndege uye kubhomba nzira.

kwezvakatipoteredza jabwanira

Ecological njodzi - mumwe migumisiro chakakomba, izvo kwakaguma kubhomba Yugoslavia (1999). Vakaurayiwa kuvhiyiwa - kuti kwete akafa anoshongwa, asi vanhu vakatambura kubva nomuchetura mhepo. Ndege wakabhombwa zvakanaka kunokosha kubva zvoupfumi nemaonero, petrochemical zvirimwa. Mushure yakadaro kurwisa mumhepo vaiva Panchevo chepfu ngozi. Yaiva kuiisa chlorine remubatanidzwa hydrochloric acid, alkali uye zvakafanana. D.

Oil kubva dzaparadzwa Matangi vakapindawo Danube, izvo zvakazoita kuti chepfu yendima kwete chete Serbia asiwo nyika dzose dzaiva pasi murukova. Chimwe muenzaniso kwaiva kushandiswa muchiuto kuti NATO zvombo pamwe kwezvinoshandiswa uranium exchange. Gare gare, muna nzvimbo chikumbiro chavo akanyorwa yaizotangira enhaka zvirwere uye kenza.

political nechirevo

Panopera zuva rimwe nerimwe ezvinhu Yugoslavia hwakanga huchiwedzera kuipa. In ezvinhu aya, Slobodan Miloshevich akabvuma nourongwa dzekugadzirisa makakatanwa, yakanga dzataurwa nokuda NATO pamberi kubhomba. Pakona zvibvumirano izvi kwaiva kushaya vokuYugoslavia mauto kubva Kosovo. nguva yose iyi, parutivi US vakasimbirira. Vamiririri Alliance yakati chete pashure tobvuma achibva kuBelgrade kuti kurega kubhomba Yugoslavia (1999).

UN Resolution # 1244, vakagamuchirwa musi June 10, pakupedzisira yabatanidza murayiro mutsva munzvimbo. The dzakawanda yave akasimbisa kuti anoona uchangamire Yugoslavia. Kosovo anoramba chikamu mamiriro, Akagamuchira paupamhi kuzvionera. Hondo Albanian akanga ndisunungure hudyu. In kuKosovo, paiva yemarudzi anochengetedza runyararo simba, waiva kuongorora urongwa runyararo uye kuchengeteka.

Maererano chibvumirano, hondo reYugoslavia akabva kuKosovo musi 20 Chikumi. Edge, tora ihurumende chaiyo, zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kupora pashure imwe hondo yevagari refu. NATO akabvuma kushanda kwayo zvinobudirira - kuti chinangwa ichi, uye vakatanga kubhomba Yugoslavia (1999). Madzinza rakamira, kunyange zvazvo yakawiriranwa nezvavasingadi pakati pavanhu vaviri hwaponeswa. Kwemakore akatevera, vokuSerbia akatanga kusiya chirwirangwe Kosovo. Muna February 2008, pamuuyo utungamiri akadanidzira wayo rusununguko kubva kuSerbia (Yugoslavia ane kwemakore asati pakupedzisira anyangarika kubva map Europe). Nhasi, uchangamire kuKosovo anoziva munyika 108. Russia, dzinozivikanwa Nokuchengeta aifarira-Serbian chinzvimbo, akati unopinza chikamu Serbia.