Louis-Nicolas Davout. The chete Marshal pamusoro Napoleon, uyo akanga asisina hondo chete

Lui Nikola Davu - mumwe yakanakisisa vemauto ose Napoleonic Wars. Ndiye chete Marshal pamusoro Napoleon, havana kurashikirwa hondo chete. Ngatitorei Ukanyatsotarisa Biography nebudiriro ichi vakakurumbira weuto.

Childhood uye Education

The ramangwana vakawanda akaberekwa muna Burgundy, May 10, 1770 mumhuri chakanaka. Lui Nikola akarerwa rechiuto chikoro Tauriranai Brienne-le-Chateau. Zvinofadza kuona kuti gore isati anopinda chete chikoro akapedza kudzidza Napoleon Bonaparte. Kuva wechokwadi tsika mhuri, muna 1788 Davoust akatanga basa rake muna vamabhiza chemazana chehondo, izvo vamboshanda sezvo baba vake uye sekuru.

The chimurenga French

Panguva French Revolution, kutanga nemauto, pasina kufunga kaviri, ndakasarudza kudzivirira nzvimbo echimurenga vanhu. Sezvo hondo akatiza kana akaisa kure vatsigiri vazhinji Bourbons, sokuti vakawanda shama mbiru. Vakatora vaduku navatariri, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko, kunyange vanhuwo masoja pamwe utungamiri zvaisazogona. Louis-Nicolas Davout aiva mumwe wavatariri vakawanda akavapa kuwedzera pokuchinja uye kukunda Bourbons. Kubva 1794 kusvika 1797 Davoust ari chinzvimbo Brigadier General akanga vakarwa panhengo hondo Rhine. Zvisinei, zviripo pamukwidzwa Olympus mutungamiriri Vakakurumbira Davoust akatanga pasi pomureza pamusoro Bonaparte.

Egyptian rwendo

Munguva kubva 1798 kusvika 1801 pamwe chinzvimbo Major General Davoust vaiitawo Egyptian rwendo Napoleon vake. Akanga agamuchira nokurayira emauto French. In hondo Aboukir, kwakaitika musi June 25, 1799, wechiduku warlord kunyanya anokudzwa. Pazuva iroro, 7000th Uto French akakunda 15 kuzviuru Turkish wehondo ainzi Mustafa Pasha. Zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu mauto muvengi dzakawira muhondo, uye vakasara, pamwe Mustafa Pasha, mapfumo. A duku kuchengeterwa Corps, ane mutungamiri aiva Lui Davu, akaita nomupiro hombe kuti kukunda uku. Vazhinji dzekare vanowanzomuitira kudavira kuti muhondo iyi, Bonaparte vaiona gamba kukurukurirana kwedu, asingatyi uye vanokwanisa wavarwi.

Pasinei nokuti muIjipita rwendo akanga korona kukundikana zvakakwana nokuda France, izvozvo akazarura yakawanda mazita matsva, izvo mune ramangwana uye kubwinya wakaitwa uto Napoleon. General Lui Davu panguva hondo iyi yakanga iri pedyo Bonaparte kuti boka racho, uyo nechivimbo akatamira kurutivi pamusoro hurumende.

pachinzvimbo chevatatu yokukunda

Pakarepo mushure muEgipita rwendo Dawa vakabudirira akatungamirira vamabhiza hondo Italian pakati Bonaparte, vakanga akarwa Austrians. Muna 1804, gamba yomuIjipiti rwendo uye Emperor of Italian boka rakanga paakavapa pachinzvimbo chevatatu Marshal wokuFrance uye Napoleon kuti chipangamazano nzvimbo.

Kubudirira yokutanga nokurayira Corps

Munguva kubva 1805 kusvika 1814 inotungamirirwa Marshal Davoust Corps. Muna 1805, chikwata chake vakaratidza pachavo zvakanaka pana Ulm, apo mauto yamambo akakunda hondo yeAustria. Baron Von Mack Layberih - Chief of Austrians, pamwe 30-zviuru mauto akamanikidzwa azvipe muvengi, nokuti icho akatongerwa makore 20 ari mujeri pedyo remauto.

October 9, 1805 mawadhi Davoust vakabudirira akayambuka Danube, anenge Gunzburg uye kuyambuka nzvimbo. Austrians uyo akadzivirira Danube guta, vaifanira shure pashure rinorema kurwa.

Marshal Davout aiva mumwe vanoshingaira vechikamu kurwiswa hondo Bonaparte Vienna. November 8 kumusoro muviri wake pedyo netaundi Mariazell, akakunda hondo kuzorwa yeAustria Corps, akatungamirirwa General of Meerfeldom. Muhondo iyi, iyo French akakwanisa kutora vasungwa 4000. Kukunda yaiva zvaraireva chiitiko muVienna kuti dambudziko.

Hondo Austerlitz

December 2, 1805 pana Austerlitz hondo kwakaitika, akaburuka munhau sezvo "Hondo Matatu Madzimambo". Pazuva iroro, uto French wakunda uto Russian-yeAustria ari sungano. Austerlitz kukunda aiva magumo mubatanidzwa Anti-French, uye Mutsvene hweRoma. Franz II - mambo wokupedzisira hweRoma, chinoguma Napoleon norugare kwaingova Roman Emperor Francis wokutanga. Enhoroondo pokuwa kamwe simba umambo akaita basa rinokosha, uye French wavarwi Davoust.

The Yen-Auershtedtskoe hondo

Muna 1806, mutungamiriri Biography Davoust kukasawedzerwa pamwe pakukunda itsva. The Yen-Auershtedtskom hondo kwakaitika pakati Napoleon nemauto Prussian musi October 14, yokukunda mumwe mukuru vatambi. Hondo yakakamurwa kupinda maitikiro maviri. Wekutanga ndokutora nzvimbo panguva Auerstadt, uye wechipiri - pa Jena. Corps Marshal Lui Davu scored pakutanga danho.

Marshal akapiwa murayiro pamusoro Bapiro youmambo mauto ekutanga. Under ake murayiro paiva nezviuru 26 varume 44 pfuti. Davoust akaita pamusoro rworuboshwe parutivi wehondo Prussian vanotungamirirwa nomudzimu Duke pakati Brunswick, izvo zvinosanganisira 54 000 mauto uye 230 pfuti. Imwe ukama mauto rwakakwana zvisingarevi zvakawanda kuongorora kugona vemapato. Kunyange zvakadaro, hondo dzakawanda kwazvo Davoust vaisagona chete kukunda mauto muvengi, asi kuuraya mutungamiri wayo.

In hondo Jena, hondo reFrance Napoleon pachake vakakwanisa. Iye zvachose akakunda hondo mutungamiri Prussian Prince Hohenlohe. Zvisinei, muhondo iyi pakuenzanisa simba zvainge zvakaenzana. Vose, Yen-Auershtedtskoy kurwa, hondo French akarasika 11 zviuru vanhu, 7 navo Auershtedtskoe pakurwa.

revatongi rokuremekedza

Uyewo 1806, Louis-Nicolas Davout akamanikidzwa kutarisana mauto eRussia. On December 24, muviri wake, pamwe nehondo Napoleon kwakaita akayambuka rwizi steepening, uye usiku pasi Czarnowo vakarwisa uto 15000th Russian. Muhondo iyi, iyo French akarasikirwa pamusoro hafu zvikuru Russian.

The kupenya kukunda pa Auerstadt Davoust asingagoni kwaunoita, uye Napoleon akaremekedza zvavo, kwete chete murayiro asiwo honorary wenyaya Duke Auershtedtskogo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Napoleon Bonaparte, ari chizvarwa murombo Corsican-Italian vanokudzwa mhuri, akava mambo France, norupo akapa misoro vateveri vake, saka kuedza kuumba vapfumi mutsva hurumende.

Hondo Ekmyule

April 22, 1809 Napoleon nemauto kamwe zvakare chete yeAustria hondo, vane murayiro akapiwa kuna Archduke Charles. Austrians akakwanisa kutora dzakakwirira Ekmyulem pasi zvikuru zvakanaka nzvimbo. Napoleon akatuma taramba muvengi munzvimbo muviri zvavanokwanisa, kusanganisira muviri Marshal Davoust. Chete pashure hondo yaityisa, kwete kamwe kuchinja mune melee, French akakwanisa dislodge muvengi dzakakwirira. Manheru, ivo Archduke Charles akatora mauto ake kuti kuRegensburg. kurasikirwa vake Hondo Ekmyule vakasvika 11 zviuru vanhu kubva 76 mauto kuzviuru. The kukunda muhondo iyi, Napoleon akavhura zvakaisvonaka tarisiro - yeAustria hondo razchlenilas migove miviri. The vehondo, vakanga vakaita inokosha pakuita kukunda iyi, vakanga zvikuru. Saka, Louis-Nicolas Davout akatambira dukedom, uye achiri muchinda - Prince akava Ekmyulskim.

Hondo Kopje

Muna 1809 Davout akanga zvakare mukana kusangana muhondo chete Archduke Charles. nguva ino hondo yakarwiwa pa Kopje. The usiku pamberi kurwa, Napoleon kwakaita hondo mhiri chitsuwa Lobau akayambuka shoroma of Danube. Mauto yeAustria, ane mauto vanopfuura zviuru zana namakumi 452 pfuti, akaenda kuna Vahram uye midzi ikoko. Manheru musi July 5 Kesari akarayira hondo yake Italy, iyo runogonesa kuti Saxon Corps, kurwisa muvengi. Nokuda kukanganisa vokuItaly uyo akatora Saxons nokuti muvengi, murayiro raifanira wacho.

Huru zvakaitika zuva raitevera, apo Napoleon kurongwazve mauto ake, ayo akanga ane nhamba ukuru pamusoro muvengi itsva kuitira rokurwa. Davout uye Oudinot kushanda pamwe chete kuzorwa rworuboshwe Bapiro muvengi chinzvimbo. The Austrians vakarwisa massively kubva mhiri French, asi kubudirira kwavo hakuna vakauya. Asi, pasi yakakuwandira muvengi wacho nepakati uye akasiya parutivi kweuto French aifanira kurega mu dzokera shure. Kutumira mauto kuti nechepakati chikamu chisimbiso ari muchimiro rokuItari Corps pakati MacDonald, kudhonza akadzosera atirari, Kesari akakwanisa kuponesa zvinhu. Simba atirari moto matsime yakakuwandira pakati Austrians. Louis-Nicolas Davout Zvichakadaro vasina vavabatsire uye, achirova rworuboshwe parutivi weuto yomuvengi, akatora nani naye. Marshal akakwanisa kupinda shure wehondo yeAustria uye dismember naye pamusoro Vesedele. Housing bhururu wake Vahram uda akakundwa. Mugore 11-awa kurwa, Carl akarasikirwa vanenge 50 zviuru vanhu. Somugumisiro, akamanikidzwa shure kuna Moravia.

Mukukunda Kopje mutengo French inodhura kwazvo. Chokutanga, mauto Napoleon raMwari akarasikirwa varwi 32.000. Chechipiri, mushure Hondo Britain Russian Empire akapinda pamusoro Napoleonic France muhondo.

Hike kuRussia

French Emperor haana vatye kusimbiswa pamusoro pake mubatanidzwa European madzimambo. Muna 1812, Russia akasara ari oga - vaimbova vatsigiri Anti-Napoleonic hondo, Austria uye Prussia, dzakamanikidzwa kuva vatsigiri rechiFrench Empire.

July 12, mauto Napoleon kwakaita akayambuka Neman River, vambotiza Russian Empire. Mauto Russian vasati zvinonetsa zvakakura vaifanira kumhanyira kudzivisa hondo. Kupa hondo chete, vari chinenge vaipa hwavo kukundwa zvizere.

Corps pakati Marshal Davoust akatumirwa kubatsira hondo Jerome Bonaparte vakatevera wechipiri Russian Western Army General Bagration, kuenda kuna Vaukavysk kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva. Kutungamirira rinoshamisa Mutungamiriri mauto Russian wakasuduruka pasi kaviri nokurohwa muvengi, zvichiguma zvose French Marshal vakanga uchibata kumusoro. Apo mauto Bagration vakatanga kuyambuka Niemen, yeFrance vemauto vakaita chimwe kundikana kuedza kutora naye kupinda zvakatipoteredza. Ruchifanoona muvengi zvirongwa, General Bagration akatendeukira Minsk.

In Mogilev Davout yakabonderana nehondo yakatevera, akasvika muguta pamberi muvengi. Wechipiri Russian Western Army akanga kamwe zvakare kubviswa kubva pakutanga Western Army pamusoro General Barclay of Tolly, kuenda kuchamhembe. Pakadaro, pakanga pasina chakasara Bagration, asi kunonoka mberi chinotangira nomuvengi. Ita izvozvo akarayira Corps pamusoro General Rajewski.

The chains-garde pamusoro chassis Dawa akasangana echiShinto pedyo nomusha Saltanovka Rajewski. In hondo Saltanovka Russian akakwanisa vasunge vari zvinotarisirwa rechiFrench, uye nehondo Bagration vake zvakare vaibva nokurohwa of Imperial Army. nguva iyi akatumira Smolensk.

Near Smolensk 1st nemauto 2nd Western akabatanidzwa Russian. August 4, vakatanga Hondo Smolensk (hondo vakasuwa 1812), umo muchirongwa Davout. Mumwe namapoka ayo, rinotungamirirwa Gudin, akakwanisa kusiyanisa pachake ari hondo Valutina Mountain, yakarwisa Boka Major-General Tuchkov-rechitatu. The yokupedzisira akakuvadzwa zvakakomba uye akabatwa.

Muhondo Borodino, maererano unhu chamambo, Davout akanga amire kurudyi pakati kuhondo. The Center akanga mhosva brunt hondo Napoleon raMwari. Aifanira mukudzidzire yokuRussia munda masvingo, dzakanga waisanganisira munhau muchiuto sezvo Bagration flushes.

Maererano netsika, yaizotanga Napoleon, pamberi hondo huru, varwi umambo hwake madhirezi zvizere kupfeka yunifomu. August 26, 1812, pamwe chete zuva mambakwedza, vakatanga simba atirari kurwisa kubva kumativi maviri. Around 6:00 am French yakatanga hombe dutu flushes. Two Mudunhu Davoust vakanga zvainanga wokumaodzanyemba chomumba. Pasinei kusanganiswa ukuru French, Russian achiri vakakwanisa dzinga kurwisa.

By 7 am Davout akazvipa ndokutangazve kurwisa. nguva ino iye akakwanisa andobata kumaodzanyemba chomumba. Zvisinei, mashoko bhayoneti nokuchengeta dzakawanda vaifamba battalions, izvo Bagration akatumira chomumba, akabvumira nekugogodza French kubva masvingo. Ipapo Napoleon akatuma kubatsira ari emauto kuti Murat, Davout, Ney kuti Corps nezvimwe mauto. The French akaputsa kupinda kurudyi uye akasiya chomumba, asi hombe Russian pakaunda-kurwisa akagogodza zvakare navo. Kurwisa Bagration flushes zuva vakatevera rimwe pashure perimwe ...

Munguva shure kubva Grand Army pakati Napoleon Louis-Nicolas Davout aaizoita rearguard kwayo, izvo kuramba aifanira usabatwa kubvisa Cossack Ataman Platov , uye vanodzima General Miloradovich. October 22 pa Vyazma muvengi Russian rearguard avhara mugwagwa kuna West. Pasinei nokuti hondo Davoust akagamuchira vavabatsire, Russian akaputsa naye. Pazuva iroro, mauto Napoleon vake vakarasika masoja anenge 8000. Pashure pokukundwa pana Vyazma mambo chakatsiva "Iron Marshal" (anonzi nyika yokumusha Davoust) sezvo wehondo vari varindi veshure Marshal Nehemiah.

Chimwe chikuru kurasikirwa Russian Army Corps pamusoro Davout vakatambura muhondo pedyo nomusha Red, yaiitwa kubva 3 kusvika 6 November. Kuenda kubva Smolensk, French aida kuputsa kubva kutambudzwa Russian uye mbudo kurwizi Berezina. Pashure muhondo iyi, muviri Marshal Davoust ipapo kunze rakanyorwawo.

Pokukundwa France

Davoust haana pakati achaunganidza kubva Napoleon, uyo akapa mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany kuParis. Muna 1813 uye 1814 akarwa nechokuchamhembe Germany, Hamburg achidzivirira kukombwa Russian uye Prussian mauto. Pasinei nokuti yokukomba akatora nzvimbo pasina kurwisana uye kubhombiwa, Hamburg ravarwi achiri yabvuma kuti.

Apo Napoleon France vakatambura yemauto uye enyika kukundwa, Louis-Nicolas Davout, ane Biography kwagara nechokuita Napoleon, uye vakaramba vakatendeka kwaari. Uye kunyange paaiva nhapwa pachitsuwa Elba, Davout haana kukanda mapfumo zvavanofunga. Apo Napoleon akasvika kumaodzanyemba kwenyika, akatanga kufamba anokunda kufora kuna Paris, Lui Davu akabatana naye. Panguva "mazuva zana", akagara pamusoro pambiru Minister Hondo muFrance.

Kana Bourbons vakadzokera simba, Davoust nomukurumbira chaizvo munyika, uye kunyanya muhondo. Iye, kufanana navamwe achaunganidza kubva Napoleon, akarasikirwa zvose pamisara ake uye mazita, asi kwete kwenguva refu - muna 1817, kuitira kudzivisa kutsamwa ari muvanhu, akadzoka ose akare madunhurirwa uye pamisara. Makore maviri gare gare, Davoust akakwanisa kwete chete kuti Woo kuzviremera, asi kuti kuva vezera weFrance.

June 1, 1823 Louis-Nicolas Davout akafa pulmonary tiibhii kuParis.