Barbara Radziwill: Biography, Portrait, ngano

Munhoroondo Europe kuverenga hapana vanopfuura gumi nevaviri zvechokwadi munhoroondo, ane zita kunobatanidzwa chete nhamba nengano akafanana nemudzimai Mambo Sigismund II Augustus.

Barbara Radziwill, ane Biography rinotaurwa pazasi, rava chimiro chikuru dzakawanda ballads, nhetembo uye mitambo. Gare gare, muzana remakore rechi20, nhoroondo womuvenga Polish mambo kakawanda akafuridzirwa firimu kuumba kudanana firimu pamusoro njodzi "Omani Juliet."

makore Early

Barbara akaberekwa muna December 1520 uye aiva mwanasikana simba Lithuanian tycoon Yury Radziwill. mhuri yake yakanga zvokuti akapfuma kuti aiona yaanofarira Bass aizomuroora yakaenzana chii namadzimambo mazhinji European akasiya nhaka Dauphin.

The vabereki vakatora vatarisire dzidzo musikana. Zvikurukuru, zvinozivikanwa kuti anazvo mitauro 6, kusanganisira chiRatini uye nechiGiriki. Uyezve, Barbara akadzidzisa kupenda, masvomhu, mabhiza pakufamba, jogirafi, kuridza zviridzwa, dzidziso, uye zvichingodaro. D. Saka, panguva apo zvaionekwa musikana wezera rokuroora, Barbara Radziwill aiva mumwe wevakadzi vakadzidza zvikuru nguva yake, nezivo, ichiita zvose zvinodiwa European Renaissance.

wanano yokutanga

Muchirimo 1537, aine makore 17, Barbara Radziwill akava mudzimai Count Stanislas Gashtold. Murume wake aiva mwanakomana mamiriro chanzera kwoumambo Poland uye Lithuania, uye pamusoro pake, kunyange vachiti kuti akanga ane simba kupfuura mambo wavo.

Mukati 5 Makore, apo muchato dzakapfuura, mukadzi wechiduku vaidavira kuti murume wake akanga chandakukanganisira kwaari, kunyange zvazvo iyewo vakamuitira zvikuru chando. Ivai kuti hazvo, vana haana kubereka, saka norunyerekupe pamusoro wake kushaya mbereko uye kuti aiva muroyi, nei Jehovha haapi vana varo. Uyezve, kana makore mashoma takakwanisa baba vomurume, uye ipapo pakarepo uye zvisingatarisirwi akafa uye murume Countess Gashtold akava guhwa dare kuti iye ndiye poisoner.

Mudare Sigismund August

Maererano nemitemo iyoyo, chirikadzi aifanira kurega nyika uye oga kuti kuchema murume wake. Panguva iyi, vakawanda kufarira mubvunzo kupi uye naani Barbara Radziwill akararama, vachiviga Stanislaus Gashtold. Somugumisiro, iye akasiya imba uye mudzimai akaenda Vilna, uko iye ndokugara munhare mukoma wake - Nicholas Ginger.

Pashure 5 makore kohuchirikadzi Barbara Radziwill akatanga kupinda manheru uye balls uye ndikabhabhatidzwa vaiziva mwanakomana Mambo Polish Sigismund Augustus. Grand Duke kamwe aiva wechirume pamusoro yakanaka uye Barbara akaita murandakadzi wake kukudzwa kwake mukadzi Elisabeth Habsburg. Young akanaka refu kudziviswa uye nokukurumidza akava tenzikadzi wake, kunyanya sezvo akanga zvikuru nekuona tsika dzake uye kugara zviratidzo kutarisirwa. Kuti chiitiko kusangana kakawanda pamwe Basey, Mambo vakakomba pachake kwete chete hama chirikadzi, asi yake hama - Nikolai Radziwill ari Black.

mhosva

Ndivanzei nyaya kubva pameso dare kwaisava nyore, saka Barbara asiya Vilna nemurume wake yemauto iyo chinofanira nayo kodzero yokugara. Check out chaunofarira haana dzaserera kuti shungu pakati Sigismund, uye akatanga kubuda pamusoro yemichindwe, achipedza maawa akawanda vari Chigaro, pasinei nemamiriro okunze uye nguva yegore.

Kana nganonyorwa kubudikidza Barbara uye mugari wenhaka pachigaro akatanga kutaura, kunyange kupfuura kure zvikamu umambo, vakadzi muri hama vakasangana naye anoda uye akakumbira vakaramba kusangana naye, sezvo ivo kukuvadza kuti mukurumbira wayo uye rukudzo mhuri dzavo.

Sigismund akamanikidzwa kupa pauriri kudzivisa zvinopesana Barbara, asi asingachadi kudya uye zest upenyu. Uyezve, zvisati vanzwa runyerekupe pamusoro wake enganonyorwa, zvaakanga akaedza haana kuzvitenda. Kana Barbara, iye aitya kutsamwa-simba rose uye ngozi Queen Bona Sforza - mai Sigismund vake, aizivikanwa somunhu poisoner uye wezvakashata.

Mamiriro acho ezvinhu chinotonyanya kuoma kana zvakazivikanwa kuti mudzimai wake achiri mupenyu apo Grand Duke ramai vake vakatanga kutuma nhume kunotsvaka mudzimai mutsva kuti mugari wenhaka, sezvo mumba pamwe Elizabeth Habsburg, akanga asina vana.

Barbara akataura manzwiro ake pamusoro Sigismund hama, uye ivo akamunyevera kuti kana aizova kurwira wake waaida, achimirira wake unorwadza.

Rufu Grand Duchess

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti muchato Sigismund Elizabeth Habsburg akanga dynastic, asi hama romwenga panguva chikasazikamwa naye kuti mwenga - epileptichka. Harusati yakasimbiswa kuti ichi chaiva masanga kana nokungwarira vakaronga aurayirwa chigaro kuedza, asi rimwe zuva musikana dzadonha bhiza uye akafa kwapera mwedzi mishomanana. A mujenya zvakataurwa kuti rufu Elizabeth - ndiwo mugumisiro nemanomano vamwene.

Zvino, hapana kwakatadzisa Sigismund akaroora kechipiri uye vanoramba Jagiellonian hwedzinza, sezvo aiva mumiririri wayo wekupedzisira vanhurume. Panguva iyoyowo, aiziva kuti amai vomudzimai wake hariguti sezvinoita nomukadzi akadaro, Barbara Radziwill, izvo haana kusiyana kupfava uye chido kuteerera kuda ani zvakanga, asi murume aida.

muchato

Kusunda Sigizmunda Yagellona kuita matanho, akapindira nyaya yake nehama. Ivo zvichipomerwa akaenda pakuvhima uye akaita nechokwadi kuti zvaakadzidza nezvazvo. Vada Grand Duke akakurumidza musi kuna Bass, uye ipapo akaputsa muimba yokurara Radziwills maviri minondo yakavhomorwa. Urutakure kuti akabva amuwana, uye vakauya mukamuri womupristi. Sigismund aifanira kuteerera, asi iye aida kuchengeta muchato muchivande.

Zvisinei kare vaviri vasingagoni kuviga chokwadi muchato. dutu iri yakatanga apo mwanakomana muchato vakadzidza Bona Sforza. Iye vakanyengetedza murume wake, mambo achiedza ashaise muchato Sigismund. Izvi zvakateverwa chii nevabereki havana kutarisira kubva mwanakomana wake, akaramba pasi zvavanoda, uye akati akanga achienda akakwegura, Barbara Radziwill.

The accession pachigaro

Hazvizivikanwi kuti mberi kukudziridza chiitiko, kana 1 April 1548 I. Sigmund akafa mazuva mashomanana gare gare mambo mutsva akauya musangano Omani Seimas uye akazivisa muchato wake, vachirayira kuti kuziva Barbara Radziwill Omani Grand Duchess. Vevatariri vakabvumirana nomufaro, nokuti zvaireva achisimbisa simba ravo Commonwealth, Sigismund wake vakaenda Poland kuti kugadzwa. Ikoko, rekuUnited mambo aifanira vabudirire kuziva mamiriro Barbara zvakare. Zvisinei, izvi zvakanga zvakaoma. Chokwadi chokuti nhengo Diet of Commonwealth vaiona muchato King zvisingaiti uye kuzvinyadzisa kuti Poland. Zvikurukuru, chisarudzo chakadaro vaishora guru tycoons matatu. Mumwe wavo kunyange kunzi Queen mhombwe, zvichiita nokutuka kumurume.

Zvino nhengo dzose Seimas vakapfugama uye akakumbira Zygmunt (Sigmund) muna August kusiya muchato. Simba uye ainyara King tisingatarisiri akaratidza akatsiga unoshamisa uye akaramba kuparadzana pamwe ake anodiwa.

Amai murayiro pamusoro wake mwanasikana

Rokurwadzisa kwemubatanidzwa vasingagoni kunyange Bona Sforza, uyo, sezvo nguva dzose, vakaruka anonyengera pamusoro mwanakomana mudzimai wake wechipiri wacho. Pasinei nezvose zvayo kuita, chete chinhu yabudirira - pakupedzisira akapamba ukama Sigismund Augustus.

Vaya vakaona mufananidzo Barbara Radziwill, vanobvuma kuti haina sokuti mukadzi simba. Zvisinei, pashure pokudzidza pamusoro kurwisa kwakaita vokuPoland vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata, iye vanodada akaramba kodzero chigaro. Nokufamba kwenguva, nhengo Seimas nevanokudzwa achidzivisa zvishoma, uye Barbara korona.

rufu

Sezvineiwo, kudanana nyaya Barbary Radzivill - haisi rungano ane nemagumo anofadza.

Pashure 5 chete mwedzi pashure kugadzwa, nemakore 30, iye akafa risingazivikanwi chirwere muna Wawel Castle. Sezvo mukadzi akanga akasimba uye akasiyanisa utano hwakanaka, zvose vakaedza kunzwisisa nei Barbara Radziwill akafa. nhengo Vazhinji kwamachinda vaiva pfungwa kuti nduru Bona Sforza. Shanduro iyi iine musoro chaizvo, kunyanya kupiwa kuti ekupedzisira aibva mumhuri paunhu kuItaly, aizivikanwa maererano rudo nhengo yayo chepfu uye zvinodhaka.

Uyezve, musikana mambokadzi akafa zvinorwadza rufu. Zviratidzo chirwere wokutanga akazviratidza kare 2 months pashure muchato, asi ivo raibva vanogamuchira mishonga mbereko. Ipapo chirwere akatanga kufambira mberi uye akagumisa refu marwadzo, urwo rwakatora maawa akawanda, umo iye mukurwadziwa pamusoro marwadzo akasimba. Mumazuva okupedzisira oupenyu muviri zvose dzamambokadzi akazadza unotyisa chinoda kugadziriswa maronda umo chaipenya kuvengwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, murume haana kusiya mubhedha Basenki unodikamwa, vachitarisira kwake kuporesa. Akadana rubatsiro zvose yezvokurapa Zvinovheneka Europe, asi hapana akakwanisa kwete chete kuponesa Barbara, uye kunyange aivabatsira utsinye kutambura kwayo.

kuviga

Asati afa, Barbara, akakumbira murume wake kuti muviri wake akavigwa Krakow Wawel Cathedral, uyewo mamwe madzimambo Polish nemadzimai avo. Ndokusaka rava utiziro wekupedzisira Chechi St. Stanislaus Vilna.

Spirit Barbary Radzivill

Mambo vaisagona kukanganwa ake kunokosha Basia uye shamwari naye hama, vaigara panhare iri Nesvizh. Legend pamusoro Barbara Radziwill rinoti kamwe akauya naye zvemidzimu Pan Twardowski, uyo akanga avimbisa kunodaidza mweya madzimai ake wemufi.

Magician vairambidza mambo kuti kubata zvipoko, kana ivo vanozviwana. Zvisinei mweya Barbara yakazviratidza Sigismund chokwadi, waiva murume akafara, pasinei kuteterera zvose muroyi vakaedza kupinda chiratidzo ake.

Maererano nengano, nokuda kutyorwa mweya unorambidza zvemidzimu nokusingaperi Barbara akava musungwa wenhare ari Nesvizh. Muchiitiko chino, Pan Twardowski akaudza mambo kuti kana akafa panzvimbo, mweya yavo vakabatana nokusingaperi. Akanga zvikuru vanofara uye vakatsunga kuti zvichava saizvozvo. Asi rufu ndokuwana pakarepo mumwe yemauto uye mweya yose Barbara, anozivikanwa somunhu Black musikana, uye vanhu vanotya nanhasi. Akasaonekwa akazorora uye mweya Sigismund Augustus, anorasika ari vakasurukirwa Castle Krakow, vachitarisira kubatanidzwa ake anodiwa.

King Fate

Sezvineiwo, amai vake Sigismund akakwanisa kuroorwa kechitatu uye vakasarudza hanzvadzi mwenga kuti Elizabeth Habsburg - Katerina. The muchato kwenguva duku uye havana kupa vana, kunyange zvazvo mumwe mukadzi akaedza kunyange vatevedzere pamuviri. Nokuda kubiridzira King akatanga kurambana zvekufamba, nokutuma wake kumba.

Mumakore achangopfuura, upenyu Sigismund August II vakakomba pachake pamwe nevachenjeri uye warlocks, uye akafa mumba, izvo kwaiva neminda jira dema, sezvo mairi akaramba kuchema kwake wandinoda, aida zvakare pashure porufu.

"Epitaph nokuti Barbara Radziwill"

Sezvo kare akataura, muzana remakore rechi20 kuti airamba firimu rudo nyaya Sigismund kuti kunaka basho. Chimwe chezvinhu yakakurumbira waiva mufananidzo, umo Barbara Radziwill akazviratidza pamberi vateereri ari muchimiro rimwe actresses ose Polish 80s akanaka kwazvo (mufananidzo kubva firimu, ona kumusoro.) - Anny Dymny. Firimu yakabudiswa muna 1982 uye ndiye pfupi firimu shanduro akakurumbira yepaTV "Mambokadzi Bona". The kupenda akanzi "Epitaph nokuda Barbara Radziwill" uye raiva rakabudirira.

vakwegura vakawanda vaidavira kuti mufananidzo akasikwa ari chidzitiro Smoky Anna - hakusi yakanakisisa Barbara Radziwill. The firimu, akapfurwa kuPoland muna 1936, muna Sokuona kwavo, wakange zvikuru kubudirira, sezvo mukuru mumabasa akaenda runako Jadwiga Smosarska uye Sigismund Augustus II airidza Witold Zacharewicz. Wokupedzisira akafira kuAuschwitz wakange kubatsira vaJudha panguva Holocaust.

Mufananidzo uri

Barbara Radziwill, mifananidzo kubva firimu yamakapikira kare kuona zvinopfuura 5 emakore, excites hwomoyo vemifananidzo, vadetembi nevanyori. Akanga akazvipira kwemabasa playwrights Polish Venzhika F. uye A. Felinskogo, mutambo J. Grinyusa uye Lithuanian prose munyori uye munyori wemitambo Yuri Grushasa.

Uyezve, miziyamu munyika dzakasiyana vari akashongedzwa mifananidzo Voytseha Gersona uye Yana Mateyko, nezvimwewo, uyewo busts kuna Barbara Radziwill zvisingazivikanwi vanyori, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa mumuzinda Ursynów muna Warsaw uye Olessky Castle.

Zvino kuti munoziva paaigara, Barbara Radziwill, uye sei akasangana youmambo mudiwa wake, uye munoziva mashoko dzorudo zvavo, izvo zvichiri kukonzera kunetseka vari nzwisisa hunhu.