Sezvo Cossacks akararama. History of Russia: Cossacks

Akadaro Chiitiko munhau, sezvo Cossacks, fanned ari hana ano murume chiedza chifukidzo chakavanzika, Puzzles uye kunyange mhando zvitendwa. vanhu ava nerunyerekupe ose hwokunyengetedza - kubva nomusoro zvigadzirwa kusvikira dzakawanda ngano idzi.

Hatigoni kutaura kazhinji sei Cossacks aonekwa mapeji mabhuku, mafirimu kuva magamba. Mumwe vakagarwa dzakatevedzana pamusoro adventures dzavo kunokosha chinhu!

Pakupedzisira, guru uwandu chenhau tsvakurudzo zvainanga kusarudza kuti Cossacks akararama, zvavari vakatenda, sezvo vakarwa idivi.

Ndavapiko

Pane chete shanduro hunhu uye kwakabva vamiririri ichi revarwi mhando havana kuwanikwa kuti nguva chokuvapo kwavo yaro yepakutanga chimiro uye pashure pacho. Vamwe vakati Cossacks vokutanga vaiva chete serfs mupoteri uye Old Vatendi, kuda kutora mweya nguva uye aenda pamusoro kumucheto hurumende haina kuita.

Vamwe, nokuongorora kuti Cossacks akararama, absented kuti vanhu vakasununguka kuti tibatane nevamwe munharaunda uye vakasarudza yakananga chaizvo, kujairika nokuda nguva basa. Vakadaidzwa "nagaechnikami", uye pakupedzisira kuti maziso akanga akatsunga chete se "Imbwa yacho autocracy."

Kuedza kuona kuti Cossacks akararama, chii zvavanoita uye sei yakabuda, kare akatendeukira adzidze hunhu upenyu hwavo, mune imwe duramazwi kuedza kuona kwakabva vanhu ava, akadzidza manyoro zvavari vanotaurwa umo. izvi zvose, zvisinei, haana kupa mhinduro yakajeka - mafungiro, somunhu kuti kutarisira, vakakamura. Vamwe vaongorori vanoti mavambo Cossacks of wechiTatar dzinza, uchiteterera yezviri kushandiswa mabhiza. Other (somuenzaniso, muna Oxford) vakatenda zvavo Russian akanga atiza vanhuwo zvavo uye nyore vanhu vanotambudzwa nokuda yezvavanotenda.

Kubva mitauro nemaonero,

More zvichidzika pedyo achiongorora zvaive zvakavanzika kwakabva Cossacks kubvumirwa, oddly zvakakwana, nyanzvi dzemitauro. Vakaita vakatsunga kuti mashoko akazviratidza mumutauro wokuRussia pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu Cossacks, etymologically chinhu chokuita Turkic midzi. Mukupesana, ivo ndeyemunguva tumitauro yekare, unhu Sarmatians uye vaSitiya. Typical munhau iyi ndiyo nzvimbo mazita zvaisanganisira mumutauro Russian pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu Cossacks: Don, Danube uye mamwe mazita nzizi.

Kukosha kweshoko "Cossack" ndakatsungawo. In ayo mamiriro vakaisa semantics: mamirire mudzi ", az" inogona kuenzaniswa ano shoko "vakasununguka" uye suffix ", ac" anodaro nezvemavambo enyika chipauro kubva pazita. Saka, shoko rose inogona kutsiviwa nekuda kunzwisisa wemishonga "murume akasununguka".

Chii chakanga basa ravo

Sezvambotaurwa, kune Cossacks pakutanga vagara kumucheto nyika, zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro achiri shama nyika. Achigadzira diki uye nokusingaperi kuwedzera munzanga, vakaumba yavo chaiyo mararamiro, maonero, hukama zvakatipoteredza. Kuti tinzwisise kuti Cossacks akararama pakutanga, kubhadhara zvakakwana kuteerera chokwadi ichi kare.

Zvachose hapana mubvunzo kuti kuitwa "vakadzingwa" pamuganhu neimwe nyika, vakanga vasina imwe sarudzo, asi kudzivirira kunharaunda yayo pamusoro kwokunze chipingaidzo. Pakutanga, zviito zvakadaro zvaikoshawo, uye ipapo akava mhando basa, izvo hurumende aida kubhadhara.

Nei zvichibatsira kuti pamwe navo

Sezvambotaurwa, iyi rusununguko-rudo vanhu kurarama kwazvo pamwe kudzivirira yavo nzvimbo. Uyezve, Cossacks muhondo uye kumba vakaratidza pachavo zvikuru chaizvo - Ivo pakugona inowanzorimwa, zvishoma nezvishoma kuva zvechokwadi simba kuti riripo. Kuwedzera simba ravo aisagona kubatsira asi kunetseka bhodhi, uye kudzingirirana kudzvinyirira, kuparadza uye kukundwa akatyisidzira guru nekufirwa zvakakwana. The chete mhinduro, zvinobatsira mativi ose, akanga kuitwa pakati Cossacks munzvimbo rinoitirwa, izvo wakakodzera kosi zvaitwa, sezvo nhoroondo inoratidza.

chokutanga muchiuto

Facts Kutsigira ngwizhingwi, rusununguko-rudo uye vanodada vanhu vamiririri bhodhi yakawanda. The chinoratidza yezwi wokutanga muhurumende anonzi chata, rakanyorwa Ivanom Groznym, maererano iyo, kuti Don Cossacks vakava rutivi wehondo yamambo.

Hazvina kubva pano, kubva chokwadi ichi, kwenguva itsva yakatanga iri nyaya pamwe nemauto. The Cossacks Pamutemo vakaripira kudzivirira kumaodzanyemba kumiganhu kwenyika. Kubvira ipapo, uto rava kukura nokukurumidza, kuwedzera Holdings dzavo, zvichiumba misha itsva vane kodzero varidzi mukuru-mugiredhi dzinounzwa nyika. Don Cossacks dzatora pamhenderekedzo yakazaruka dzezvimwe Seversky Donets, Bear, Buzuluk nevamwe vabati vechibharo.

Mararamiro

Pakutanga, vamiririri ichi revarwi mhando akapiwa rusununguko anenge mhedziso richiratidzwa kuzvidzora kuzvionera chidzore chitendero chavo, peculiarities zvoupenyu, mutauro uye upenyu. Cossacks Russian zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga kurasikirwa neropafadzo dzavo, akatendeuka kubva varwi rehurumende iri varanda vakanga vanosungirwa kuteerera murayiro wamambo paakaenda upenyu.

Reform pakati 1798 kusiyana navo uye vakasara vemauto vakanga rakapotsa richaparadzwa. Cossacks yeRussia vakatosikwa kuenzaniswa varwi, uye pamisara uto kuwirirana kazhinji kugamuchirwa. Saka, panzvimbo Kaputeni akazviratidza vehondo uye Khorunzhiy chakatsiva Kunyatsoziva nyika anoridzwa.

Kutanga kubva 1835, nhoroondo Cossacks ane idzva, zvikuru jeko jana. Kudivi rimwe, chikamu ichi revarwi ruoko kuzvionera kwave akatorazve tichitarisa upenyu mudziyo. Cossack nemisha akava vorudzii namahwindo nevokunze kundima. Ukuwo, rokumanikidzirwa rechiuto kubvira panguva ino kubvira 18 kusvika 43 makore asi nokuda kwake youmambo chirevo anopa nyika muridzi kwete chete, asiwo zita kwamachinda, uye kunyange zvavo serfs.

Kubvira ipapo, nhoroondo Cossacks pakanga paine kuchinja akanaka kana akaipa mirayiridzo. chinzvimbo kwavo dzichichinja, kuwana zvose zvitsva zvinhu. Chimwe chinhu anoramba kuzochinja - basa reDare varwi izvi munhoroondo Russia.