Pilot Stepan Mikoyan: Biography, mapikicha

Stepan Mikoyan - bvunzo Soviet mutyairi wendege, ndege, Hero of USSR, anaro mumwe mirairo Lenin uye Dzvuku Banner, hwose aishamwaridzana ndege. Ndiye aiva nebasa pakushandisa akakurumbira "Buran" - Space Shuttle, iyo anoedza achibudirira zvikuru muna November 1988

udiki

Mikoyan Stepan Anastasovich, ane Biography chinorondedzerwa munyaya ino, akaberekwa muna Tiflis (zvino Tbilisi) 12 July 1922 Baba Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan aiva mutungamiriri inozivikanwa Soviet bato uye mamiriro, uye mai vake Ashkhen Lazarevna Tumanyan. muchato wavo aiva refu uye kufara. Mumashoko Stepan Mikoyan, aisagona kurangarira chimwe chiitiko apo vabereki vake kupopotedzana kana vakashevedzera. Vachingoita zvakaipa mumwe chete rukuru uye ruremekedzo.

The mhuri Mikoyans aiva nevanakomana vashanu. Mukuru wavo Stepan. vana vake vatatu muduku ainzi pashure yakakurumbira Baku commissars - Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Alekseya Dzhaparidze, Stepan Shaumyan uye Ivana Fioletova, uyo Anastas Mikoyan agara vakaramba noushamwari. mwanakomana wechipiri ainzi Volodya, sezvo iye akaberekwa ari gore pashure pokufa VI Lenin. vana vose vakapedza pazororo panguva koteji "Zubalovo". Maererano Stepan Mikoyan, yaiva nzvimbo huru, akanyudzwa ne refu wall. Uye kumwe mumwoyo maro mune mumwe koteji "Zubalovo-2", apo Stalin taigara yake.

Sezvo Anastas Ivanovich aiva akakurumbira yokutungamirira, aiva shamwari nevanhu vakawanda boka racho Iosifa Stalina, vakazochinja vakanga vaidzvinyirirwa. Stepan akavaziva zvose, uye pauduku shamwari mwanakomana mutungamiri Vasiliem Stalinym.

chitandadzo denga

Mune 30s remakore rapfuura, anenge wechiduku mumwe aida kubatanidza upenyu hwake pamwe ndege. About mudenga kurota mazana ezviuru vechikoro Soviet. Ndaiva asingasiyi uye dangwe Stepan Mikoyan. Uyezve, chitandadzo ichi chakabatsira babamunini vake Vanya Ivanovich, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva muduku ndege.

Muna August 1940, Stepan Mikoyan, pamwe shamwari Timurom Frunze akanyoresa muKachin ruchibhururuka chikoro. Kwapera gore, muna mangwanani September 1941, iye vakabudirira kudzidza chikoro mutaundi Krasny Kut (Saratov mudunhu.). Pashure paizvozvo akatumwa rechi8 yokutsiva hondo yakamira mumusha muduku Sennoy, chete kuchamhembe Saratov. Pano, aifanira kukurumidza kuzodzosera kudzidza ndege "Yak-1." In pemwedzi December wegore iroro riri kuparadzirwa Stepan Mikoyan (Photo flyer akurukurwa munyaya) anopinda 11 fung Fighter chemazana chehondo, chikamu 6 IAK PVO uye kudzivirira dzedenga pamusoro Moscow.

Great Patriotic War

Kusvika panguva kwavaienda, vaduku mutyairi wendege vakaona kuti hondo yake isati nendege kurwisa German mauto pasi. Zvisinei, nokuti vose December uye chikamu January 1942, akanga asina kukwanisa kumbobvira kubhururuka parwendo, sezvo akanyanyisa mamiriro okunze haana kubvumira kuita chero basa akavhiyiwa mudenga. Pakatanga mazuva akanyorova Stepan Mikoyan vakaita basa iri mundege wake "Yak-1" iri ndege, chinangwa rakanga rakafukidza mauto eSoviet mutaundi Volokolamsk dzoruwa uye, chaizvoizvo, vatasvi vemabhiza kuti General L. M. Dovatora dzaiimba nguva nenguva vachirwisa vane German-inogarwa mundima.

Hapana chakavanzika kazhinji, ndege Soviet akauya pasi moto pamuvengi antiaircraft pfuti. Saka zvakanga rimwe remazuva January 1942, pfuti muvengi Anti ndege akazarura moto ndege yedu, kunze kunze akatendeuka akaipa zvikuru uye paiva rinorema rakanaya chando. Asi, pasinei neizvi, dzechikwata akakwanisa zvakarurama nyika runway yakafanira Stepanu Mikoyanu, uyo aiziva nzvimbo mumigwagwa Moscow, yakabatana Central Aerodrome muMoscow, apo akagadzirisa ake 11 fung Fighter hondo.

Rubhabhatidzo neropa

In nhamba mumwaka wechando 1941-1942. muduku mutyairi wendege sechikamu hondo yake akaita 10 vanobudirira ndege, asi maminitsi 11 aigona kuva nengozi kwaari. January 16 panguva chifukidziro Istria, ndege yake vamwe musoro tsaona yakarohwa ne yechipiri refutenendi 562 vakasuwa hondo Mihailom Rodionovym. Stepan Mikoyan, uyo Biography chingava ichi magumo uye, achiri vakakwanisa kunyika motokari yake nokutsva, kuti vezvikepe vanoti, nedumbu kurudyi. Kuwa ndege eSoviet akanga aona musha kuyaruka. Vakazvuzvurudzira chipiriso, pamwe akatyoka gumbo mutyairi wendege ari mumugwagwa, uye ipapo, yokuwana Sled, akaenda naye kumunda kuchipatara.

Mikhail Rodionov mutadzi achapa pedare, uye mutevedzeri Mikoyan kubata pashure kupora kwake. Asi ichi, hazvina kumbobvira vakauya kudare. Mukutanga June 1942, Senior refutenendi Rodionov akaurayiwa mumamiriro mumhepo kurwa pedyo Kaluga, yaakanga paakanga afa paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union. Uye Stepan aifanira kurapa maronda avo kuti zvimwe mwedzi mishomanana.

ndege itsva

Muna August 1942 muna Lyubertsy pamusoro wayo kutendeuka kare wechitatu akauya 434 fung Fighter Aviation chemazana chehondo, izvo akazova 32nd Guards. Hazvina inozivikanwa kuti chokwadi chokuti kamwe vakarwa 26 vezvikepe, uyo akapiwa zita Heroes Soviet Union. Pamwe chete, akapfura pasi ndege kupfuura 520 muvengi. Zvadaro muna 1942 regimental wehondo aiva makore 24 gamba of Soviet Union Ivan Kleschev, uye akanga ari mutariri chikwata pacharo Vasily Stalin.

Mwanakomana mutungamiri kubva pauduku wakaziva hama Mikoyans - Stepan uye Vladimir. Chokutanga, chehondo akatora vaduku, uye gare gare akanyoresa uye wechipiri. Pashure pehondo yerusununguko vaibata navo parutivi, takaudzwa kuti vaviri hama dzakanga vakarangwa chaizvo, vanoshingaira uye anozvininipisa, saka anenge pakarepo vakabatana nemhuri regimental ushamwari.

Pakutanga September 1942 KUPEDZISWA vashandi chehondo, akagara pamusoro zvekufambisa ndege nendege Sennoy. Pano, kuti vezvikepe vaifanira kuva itsva Ndege ndege "Yak-7b", achangosvika zvakananga kubva Saratov Aviation Plant. Mazuva mashoma gare gare kwakazouya kuti vatame mumwe Banga, iri pedyo purazi "Stalingrad", inova 60 chete? Km kubva muguta. Kleschevsky hondo yakanga pakarepo aigona kupinzwa rechi16 Army.

Dogfights pamusoro Stalingrad

Wokutanga revarwi basa rekuUnited hondo akarayira pachedu Ivan Kleschev. Kuona wokutanga Stalingrad kubva mumhepo, vatsva vakakundwapo chiseko yakadaro. Stepan Mikoyan akazotaura nezvenguva maziso ake akazviratidza unopfuta guta. Black kweutsi moto akasimuka wandei makiromita kumusoro, uye akatarira kuburikidza kuburikidza zvitema mvura Don uye Volga. Mudenga aiyangarara mazana ndege, vakawanda vacho vaiva varwi German uye Ndege.

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, mukuru regimental mutungamiri Kleshchev nguva dzose akatanga vatsva kuti dogfights zvishoma nezvishoma. Uye, pasinei nokuti Stepan Mikoyan akanga atova zvimwe revarwi ruzivo mumatenga pamusoro guru, izvozvo asi tsunga kuti vateveri vake. nzira iyi zvinobatsira vaduku vezvikepe kukurayira wana rwisana ruzivo pasina rakawandisa ngozi.

Suspension kubva ndege

Zvisinei, chechipiri hafu September akanga akaipisisa, vhiki nhatu chete dogfighting hondo vakaparadza anopfuura 80 vanodzima muvengi. Asi Nokurasikirwa akanga zvikuru mapoka: 25 ndege uye 16 vezvikepe. Pakati akafa aiva munun'una Vladimir Stepan Mikoyan. regimental mutungamiri Ivan pachake Kleshchev akakuvadzwa zvakakomba.

Pakafa mukoma wake Mikoyan Stepan Anastasovich akanga ambomiswa kubhururuka nokuda zvarayirwa murayiro. Pakuyeuka Vladimir vezvikepe pamusoro vakawanda ndege vakauya rakanyorwa "Nokuti Volodya!". Mukutanga October, dzasara chemazana chehondo vakatumirwa necheshure. vakuru vanoverengeka vakanga paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union, uye Vladimir (paakanga afa) uye Stepan vakanga paakavapa mirairo nevarwi Red Banner.

Hondo Mikoyan akapedza ari chinzvimbo mukuru uye paakavapa maviri hondo chinokudza. Panguva ruvengo, aifanira kupedza mashomanana hondo kuzorwa ndege muvengi, asi, maererano nemagwaro, kusanganisira 6 boka akahwina nhoroondo yaro pakurwa.

Kudzidza ari Engineering Academy

Muna 1945, ivo Mikoyan kukunda anowana shamwari yake yekare Eleanor, mwanasikana yokuedzwa mutyairi Petra Lozovskogo, uyo akanga zvinosuruvarisa akaurayiwa apo kubhururutsa murwi ndege "Ini-4". Muchato, jaya akapinda Air Force Academy. NE Zhukovsky panguva rorusununguko Engineering. Vateereri avo vaitova makore ruzivo, aibvumirwa nendege ndege panguva dzinoshandiswa Academy. Training hondo raiva mumusha. Belopesotsky pedyo Kashira. Zvadaro, vatatu vavo vaifanira tenzi Newest murwi jets.

Nokuti chikoro chirongwa Mikoyan Stepan Anastasovich akasarudza zvakaoma uye nani ushingiwo nokuda nguva dingindira. It kunetseka munhu supersonic tactical murwi. Ungangove, ose mashoko pamusoro kukura ndege ramangwana "third-19" agamuchira kubva babamunini vake Anusha Mikoyan.

Stepan chikoro chirongwa rinotungamirirwa yakakurumbira VF Bolkhovitinov kuti kunyange asati hondo yakanga mubasa rokuvaka inorema Ndege "db-A", uye gare gare pakusikwa wokutanga muSoviet Union chombo nemuparadzi "Bi". Saka, tinogona kutaura chokwadi kuti Mikoyan pamwe navo kuburikidza vezvikepe nyanzvi uye zvemaziso mainjiniya vakanga pakutanga kwezvisikwa kwendege.

basa rakaoma

Muna August 1951, Stepan Ananstasovich akaenda ndege bvunzo nezvenzvimbo NII Air Force. Pano akapedza 23 refu makore muchizviedza yakasiyana kurwisana ndege enzvimbo Yakovlev, Mikoyan uye Sukhoi. Iye, kupfuura ani zvake, iye kukunda aibatanidza basa mutyairi pamwe nezvenzvimbo SRI vatungamirire injiniya.

Sezvo 1975 Stepan Mikoyan - the Hero of Soviet Union. Iye akawana chinhu zvepamusoro kuti azvino ndiedze interceptor "third-25". Nokuti nguva basa rake akakwanisa tenzi 102 rakasiyana-siyana ndege, une panguva iyoyo iri mumhepo vanopfuura zviuru 3.5. Hours.

"Buran" chirongwa

Muna 1974 Stepan Anastasovich nemijenya vanachiremba bhodhi abviswa nomuedzo muhondo motokari, asi iye aibvumirwa kushanda helicopters uye yokufambisa uye mutakurwi ndege. At makore 56 okukura akanga asingazivi kuti aizokwanisa kuita kamwe zvakare zvinobudirira vakapfuura imwe ongororo yezvokurapa, saka taifanira kubvuma chikumbiro kutamira kune imwe basa.

In April 1978 akava Mutevedzeri Mikoyan "Mheni" NGO mukuru wakachenjera. Pano GE Lozino-Lozinsky akasika orbital chikepe "Buran". Under izvi ezvinhu, panguva imwe yakakodzera nguva akauya vaunganidza kwemakore akawanda basa ruzivo Stepan Anastasovich pamusoro sangano iri ndege bvunzo, apo kwakasarudzwa kuti uvhure mumhepo analogue muchikepe, ainzi "Product 002". Flight nekuongororwa, bhenji uye hwokugadzira pakurovedza vezvikepe munyaya Mikoyan. Aiva nebasa basa uye chaivo "Buran" wake wokutanga uye pakupedzisira ndege muchadenga.

netsamba

Nokupfupikisa, tinogona kutaura chokwadi kuti refutenendi General Aviation Stepan Mikoyan dzinenge upenyu hwake hwose kuti ndege, kana pane yavo piloting. Uye kunyange somunhu-makore 70 ndachena vhudzi mukuru, akaramba akadzinga motokari pachake, "Yak-18T".

Pasinei nekuwandirwa kwavo nebasa, iye achiri awana nguva kunyora bhuku. Oupenyu zvakasikwa, netsamba zvakarurama kuratidza upenyu muSoviet Union uye zvose zvaakanga akararama sei vakashanda munyori wake yakakurumbira Stepan Mikoyan. "Netsamba reuto bvunzo mutyairi" wakauya pakutanga muna UK, uye gare gare Russia. Bhuku rino vafarire zvikuru kwete chete nokuda vezvikepe asiwo vanhuwo vane hanya nhoroondo mamiriro.