Ethnonym - chii ichi? tsananguro

Rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki ethnonym - zviri chaizvoizvo "zita vanhu." Kubvira kare, mazita amarudzi vakatakura mumwe nechinangwa. ethnonymic Science zveBhaibheri mazita aya, kuwana midzi yavo uye tsanangura nechirevo dzavo.

Mazita wakapa vakundi

Kare, kwakabva ethnonyms anogona kuva akasiyana zvikuru. Mazita vamwe vanhu vakagamuchirwa panguva vanopinda nechisimba munyika yavo. Somuenzaniso, muna VII remakore iri muBalkan Peninsula yakapamba neboka mhirizhonga pamusoro Turkic vaitaura vokuBulgaria. Khan akava mubati mutorwa South necheSalvic mamiriro. Vashoma vokuTurkey zvishoma nezvishoma anyangarika pakati vomunzvimbo.

Slavs havana vakanyangarika, asi ivo vakagamuchira zita pachavo vakundi dzavo, achiva namesakes of Volga vokuBulgaria, uyewo Caucasus Balkars. Muenzaniso uyu unoratidza kuti ethnonym - a modifiable chakajairika, uye ayo kugutsikana anogona ichishanduka.

Saizvozvowo, sezvo vokuBulgaria, muna XIII remakore, zviitiko yakatanga muna Central Asia. On muganhu Uzbekistan ano nechisimba nokuda eMongolia. Mazita amarudzi avo uye dzavo dzakanga yairatidza mazita mapoka vemo (saka ipapo manghud, Barlas uye zvichingodaro. D.). Panguva iyo pedyo ethnonym "Kazakh" ndiyo chete Turkic mavambo. Maererano neimwe shanduro nyanzvi dzemitauro, shoko iri riri akarondedzera shoko "Cossacks" (zvose rakashandurwa se "free, free vanhu").

Kana vakunda uye akakunda vane pakatarisana muenzaniso. Dzimwe nguva yakakunda vanhu pachavo kupa zita vakundi dzavo. Muenzaniso nyaya Hutts. Vanhu ava vaigara Anatolia pakupera kwezana rechitatu uye chechipiri zvemakore BC. e. Gare gare, panzvimbo Hutts akasvika Indo-vokuEurope, rwakazokura seshanduro vaHeti.

Nenharaunda uye marudzi

Mumwe ethnonym - imwe mhando rondedzero. Pachirehwa kwete chete kune vanhu, asi munyika yaanogara. zvidzidzo Ethnonymic dzinoratidza kuti mune zvimwe zviitiko zita nzvimbo akapa zita waachangoroora kuvanhu.

The kunozivikanwa muchiuto mutungamiri Aleksandr Makedonsky akaberekwa kuMakedhoniya - nyika kuchamhembe Greece yekare. KuMiddle Ages munharaunda ino isu kupedza South Slavs. Vaiva chinhu chakafanana rwekare budiriro uye kunyange kukundwa naye kubva kuti kare kare anyangarika. Asi zita Macedonia akaramba zvivepo. It akasiya zvakakanganwika kumaodzanyemba Slavs. Zvakafanana zvakaita kuBaltic vanhu Prussia. Muzana XIII remakore, nyika yavo yakanga aizokundwa vokuGermany. Mune ramangwana, hurumende German munzvimbo iyi aimbonzi Prussia, uye navageremo, vokuGermany dzainzi Prussians.

dzemadzinza kubatana

Kazhinji ethnonym - nhaka rimwe rudzi, aichimbova mukuru pamwe kana mubatanidzwa. Kutozosvikira IX remakore, Czechs regai kugara chikuru ndima. Around vaiva West necheSalvic dzakawanda mamwe madzinza. Zvisinei, zvishoma nezvishoma, raiva Czechs vakaungana kumativi kwaaigara.

Union Polabian Slavs bodrichey akawana zita kubva rimwe amarudzi mubatanidzwa. Zvikasadaro zvinhu vari lutici vavakidzani vavo. Ivo vakaenda zita idzva mhuri, hauna ukama mamwe marudzi. Ethnographic Tungus mapoka vane tsika anodana chikuru boka mhando.

Dzinozivikanwa mienzaniso neizvi. Ethnic munharaunda akawa voga, uye akaita dzakasiyana - kuramba zita chepakutanga. Zvisinei, izvozvo pasisina noenderana zvichiri (anonyanya). Kwakauya zita Zimbabwe Turk (vokuTurkey vakabva), vokuSlovenia, Slovaks uye vokuSlovenia Ilmen (vakaburuka Slavs).

yakakanganiswa ethnonyms

Kana ethnonym "Slavs" yagara rimwe rinoreva, vamwe ethnonyms aigona kuchinja kugutsikana, kunyange kana chinhu chinoramba zvakafanana. Muzana XIX remakore vokuMoldova vakadanwa nevaGiriki uye vechiGypsy. In pre-echimurenga Russia ethnonym "Kyrgyz" haaratidzi kuti Kirghiz (Karakirgiz mazita avo), uye Turkmens uye Kazakhs.

Zita romumwe rudzi anogona kupararira kuvavakidzani kana ruzivo commonalities aya Chidimbu uye kukwana. Somuenzaniso, mashoko ethnonym "Tatars" yava nenguva ichishandiswa Russian pachinhu chero East. Izvi tsika rwakapararira Western Europe. Saka akazviratidza pamepu iri Tatar Strait (izvo Anopatsanura yakaoma kubva Sakhalin), apo tevere kumbogara kwete chete Tatars, asi kunyange eMongolia. Uyewo muRussia kusvika XVIII remakore vokuGermany vachidanidzira vokuDenmark kana Dutch. Nokuti dzimwe ndudzi African 'frendzh "- hazvisi chete French, asi vokuEurope zvose.

Evolution mazita

Kuva ethnonym shoko rinotanga mutsva vasingatungamirirwi yapfuura ukama mupenyu. Ukrainians - kwete shoma, kunyange chiitiko zita rokuti uyu unorevei paakapiwa mariri. Saka, mazita avanhu angava matatu kwevari tsika. Chokutanga - vanzwisise asati paumbwe ethnonym, wechipiri - the ethnonym pacharo, uye wechitatu - akasimuka ethnonym. Muenzaniso: mu pre-echimurenga Russia, uye ani tarira murume yerima aigona kunzi ari wechigypsy.

Pakati vaizviita zita ethnicons vanomiririra chikamu duku. Zita vokuGermany kutanga kushandiswa kwete navo asi nokuda vaCelt. Sami madzinza, nheyo yeramangwana yeGermany, vaishora pachavo mumwe. Vakanga vasina rimwe sangano uye haina zita zvakafanana. Nokuti vaCelt, ivo Teutons hadzioneki guru, womukati nokupesana usingabereki kutamba chero basa.

mazita amarudzi vakawanda Native American European kunge vatora pamusoro kubva vavakidzani. Kupa zita, havadi zvavo, zvizvarwa zvemo vaishora pachavo vamwe. Saka, madzinza akawanda zvaizivikanwa nemazita kuti ivo pachavo kumbobvira kuzivikanwa. Somuenzaniso, weNavajo maIndia funga pachavo "adye" - ndiko, kuti "vanhu." No mazita avo pakati Papuans. Ava oga marudzi chakazozivikanwa vokuEurope akapoteredza nzizi, makomo, zvitsuwa, nemisha.

Miganhu uye totemic mazita

Mumwe dzidziso pamusoro zita Bashkir vanhu rinoti shoko 'Bashkort "rinoshandurwa se" nyuchi ". Kunyange zvazvo shanduro iyi kure zvinokosha, zvinoratidza mumwe mhando mazita emadzinza. Ethnonim garo kunogona kwete chete mashoko inotaridza hunhu basa, asiwo Munongedzo chitendero. Wandei marudzi ekare vakatora zita raro vachikudza rake totem. Akagadzawo guru mienzaniso yakadaro. Indian rudzi Cheyenne unobereka zita nyoka totem. Saka pakanga mazita avanhu Africa uye vaAborigine kweAustralia.

Kwakapararira miganhu ethnonyms. Buryats - the "dondo" (zita vakapiwa inowanzorimwa vavakidzani). "Vanhu nemiti" vakadanwa Bushmen. Zita necheSalvic Union Dregovichi rakashandurwa se "mubatanidzwa Bog" (dregva - deveteve, Marsh). Vachitaura muzita muBalkan Montenegrins.

Ruvara uye yechipiri ethnonyms

Color ethnonyms vanowanikwa munzvimbo dzose dzenyika. Kururama Hazvizivikanwi sezvo paiva shoko "Belarusian". Kune mhirikiro dzakawanda: kufurirwa sedare Shirts dzavo, chiedza maziso kana bvudzi. Most ruvara ethnonyms muna Turkic mitauro: tsvuku Uyghurs, chena gumbo dema Nogais. Pane shanduro kuti Kyrgyz vanhu - a "dzvuku Oguz".

Secondary ethnonyms pavake ataurwa vokuMakedhoniya uye Prussians - zvinokoshawo, akapa zita Italy uye ano vokuItaly. Pamberi chidzoke pakati Bavarian vanhu munharaunda yavo vakagara Bavaria yekare, kudzinga pamberi vaCelt boyev. Saka etnonim vaimbova vagari anova ethnonym munyika, uye ipapo - hutsva nevanhu. Muenzaniso England rinozivikanwa - England - British, uye vaFrank - France - French.

Mazita ari nechitarisiko uye basa

Hwaro ethnonym aigona kuva kwokunze zviratidzo. VokuIndonesia akapa zita Papuans ( "rakamonana"). VeItiopia - "vanhu vane yakatsva zviso" Lombards - "mukuru". Britons vane tsika muviri kupenda. Zvichida ndizvo vakadaidzwa "variegated".

Uyewo ethnonym anooneka sokunoratidza tsika. Vagari vekare kweSisiri Siculo - "varimi" kana "kuvakohwi", Koryak - "vafudzi". MuArabhia mhuri dafir uye muntefik - "akaruka" kana "vakabatana" (nezve ironge kusangana).

ethnonym Russian

Pane maonero akawanda ari vezvesayenzi pamusoro pane yakatangira ethnonym "Rus". Varangian shanduro inoti shoko iri - Air, uye rinoshandurwa se "vakwasvi." Panewo dzidziso pamusoro Indo-wevechitendero (rakashandurwa se "chiedza") uye Proto-necheSalvic. Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi muna Ages shoko "Rus" raireva zvose vanhu uye mamiriro. Kubva iye waiva zita ano vokumabvazuva necheSalvic marudzi.

Ethnonym "Russian" kutanga rakashandiswa se "vanhu Russian". Panguva kwezana XVIII uye XIX emakore. pamwe kwaita ano mabhuku chipauro raishandiswa oga, uye rakavapo kuva pazita. Pamberi 1917 chimurenga, shoko "Russian" aigona kureva vatatu East necheSalvic marudzi (uye akaparadzanisa pedyo vokuRussia Great uye Ukrainians yaitanga).

seboka zita

Ethnonyms muchiRussia kureva yakatarwa ane seboka chimiro (Chud) kana muuzhinji (vokuGermany). Kazhinji, mashoko akaumbwa suffixes. Somuenzaniso -yata uye -ichi kumiririra zvizvarwa chete genus. In mutauro wokuRussia kunyange chikwereti ethnonyms vakagamuchira vakawanda kuvhara: vokuItaly, vanhu vokuGermany, Estonians, vokuBritain, ivo Estonians, vaIjipiti. suffixes izvi sezvo -ovtsy -intsy uye muenzaniso mumwe kuvaka mumwe suffix.

Risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi kungava nenzvimbo. Ethnonyms avanhu kusvikira kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kumabvazuva Slavs dzakaguma muna -ary: vaAvar, Tatars, vaBulgaria, Khazars, etc. Fani iyi Turkic uye Indo-Iranian midzi ... madzinza Finnish kuchamhembe Slavs nekusiyana, dzinonzi pamwe: Chud, Vod, rose, mbambaira, samoyad, kors. Mienzaniso iyi - kwete chete. Other seboka ethnonyms: Erzya, Meria, Izhora, Meshchera, Mordvinians, Lithuania.

nokumonyaniswa

Kana tama mashoko kubva mutauro kuti mutauro, kakawanda chaizvo kuchinja phonetics ayo. The Turkic mitauro Shoko 'Russian' unorira "Urus" kana "Oros" sezvo kune Turkic boka vatorwa pakushandisa inzwi "p" pamavambo shoko. Hungarians vanozviti Magyars. hama dzavo dziri kure kuSiberia - the Finno-Ugric vanhu Mansi. Vakagovera shanduro zvose ethnonym - tiri mumwe chete neshoko, doro dzakachinjwa phonetically (Meshchera ndowenyika chete boka, Mishari, Mazhar).

Vakawanda mazita avanhu Africa vakanga neramanyepo dzakadzidzvinyirira European uye chimiro ichi akazviratidza mutauro Russian (Togolese, wokuCongo). Cossacks vatsvakurudzi tanga akasangana Buryats, zvisina akapfupikisa zita vatorwa neshoko "mukoma". Nokuda kwaizvozvi, tsika yose. Buryats refu nguva inonzi hama (saka zita reguta Bratsk). Kuti tizive nezvekwakabva ethnonym nyanzvi "bvisa" nhoroondo kuchinja zvose uye kuedza kuwana yaro yepakutanga chimiro.