Bashkir chishongo. Bashkir zvishongo uye mapatani

Bashkir zvishongo uye mapatani vari chikamu chinokosha zvokunyama nemagariro uye panguva imwecheteyo rimwe marudzi okugadzira zvinhu pakati vanhu Bashkortostan pakunamata. Mupfungwa iyi, chevarwere uri mugumisiro emakore okukura: iri ornamentation, mune zvimwe mapatani, namavara, mune mubatanidzwa pevairwara vemifananidzo zvakajeka zvairatidza upenyu vanhu uye kunzwisisa kwavanoita zvakatipoteredza chokwadi panguva dzakasiyana zvokukura kare.

Chishongo sezvo ukama netsika

Zviitiko zvikuru munhoroondo Bashkirs, vamwe dzinokanganisa muupenyu hwavo nguva dzose kana zvinenge nguva dzose kuwana unyanzvi mashoko ari Arts, kusanganisira decoration: muna ornamentation ari Nzira ose vaurayiwe, kukura zvitsva kana zviripo kutsakatika okugadzira zvinhu.

Bashkir chishongo ornamentation unyanzvi, mavara, mapatani vari kuramba mazwi hunoratidza interplay nhoroondo dzemadzinza pakati Bashkir vanhu. Izvi zvinoshanda ayo mavambo, kwemadzinza pezvakaitwa kuMiddle Ages, zvekare uye zvemazuva ano nhoroondo netsika aiita marudzi pedyo. Fine iwe nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka, pakutanga kwezvose, anoonga kutsiga guru chishongo, zvakazara uye zvakajeka kupfuura mamwe marudzi akawanda zvokunyama tsika, achitobereka kungoda siyana eras uye kudyidzana pakati Pave.

National zvishongo uye mapatani zvinogona kuwanika hunenge mhando dzose zvigadzirwa kugadzirwa nemaoko ose chevarwere vemifananidzo hanya:

• pamakapeti, zvipfeko, matauro, maketeni, mubhedha yomucheka;
• matehwe nhumbi, decoration nyaya akaita dzinongoerekana nezvinhu;
• nezvirongo, midziyo;
• unyanzvi mifananidzo, vanodhirowa, rinodhindira, kudhinda, uye zvichingodaro.

Carpet kurukiswa

Chishongo of Bashkir vanhu kunonyanya kuoneka makapeti kurukiswa. Hwakarongwa nemakapeti ndivo fanira chikamu roora yacho musikana. Carpets hwakarongwa neshamhu akaparadzirwa munyika kumaodzanyemba Bashkiria uye Bashkir vanhu pakati kuKurgan nharaunda. In kumaodzanyemba-wokumavirira, nechokumadokero uye chinokosha Bashkiria, mu nembiya dzenzizi Dema uye vaIri, uyewo pakati uye ezasi kunosvika rwizi White rakarukwa nemakapeti kunyanya ne geometric mapatani.

Sezvo pezana remakore rechi20 zasi-kumavirazuva nyika hombe kupararira chishongo nemakapeti vakapiwa maruva motifs muchimiro curls uye matavi nemaruva, mashizha, michero, maapuro uye zvichingodaro. D. Kutaura zvazviri, ichi chitsva, ano dariro-shanduka zvishongo uye mapatani pamusoro munharaunda Bashkortostan.

Carpets vane mitsetse muenzaniso

Carpets vane muenzaniso namavanga vari yakarukwa machira 20-22 masendimita pahupamhi. The longitudinally-mitsetse muenzaniso akasikwa hwaro Tambo gwai kana mbudzi bvudzi. Palace muenzaniso zviri nyore - zviri longitudinal, toothed kana kumeso mitsetse multi-mavara. Very nyore nemitsetse Bashkir chishongo kunoratidza kuti kupfuura kare mhando makapeti.

Carpets vane geometric uye maruva mapatani

Ivo vasonanidza maviri, dzimwe nguva machira matatu dzakarukwa pamusoro pahupamhi 40-60 masendimita uye nhema rakamanikana pomukombero. Bordure kazhinji rakarukwa yoga zvinhu dandemutande uye ane muenzaniso siyanei aiita nechepakati munda. Dzimwe nguva kapeti asina muganhu.

Bashkirsky decoration kapeti pamwe geometric mapatani zvinganaka rectilinear, pamwe chaiwo nenhamba. The chikuru zvinhu izvozvo zviri yakabatana siyana ngoda, dzinoungana, masere zvakajeka nyeredzi nezvimwe zvitarisiko, kururamisa pemitsara achizadza akavezera makapeti munda. Ivowo, yakatanga mukati chete, asi vashoma nenhamba. Chishongo okunze, vaiona oga, inowanikwa ornamentation vemamwe marudzi mazhinji. Zvisinei, pamwe chete, zvachose akafanana iri kunyanya panguva akasarudzwa mavara, vanoumba mumwe muenzaniso chitsvuku, icho rinopa yakasiyana chishongo Bashkir National ruvara imwe mhando.

Kana chirimwa kurapwa dzinotsanagura kwakajairika geometrical muenzaniso pepa rhombus tora manyoro mashizha, uye masere rwakavakwa nyeredzi iri sevanhu masere-ruva.

ruvara chakarondedzera

Bashkir National chishongo pamusoro mavara -siyana. Color mitsetse - red, yero, mutema, nezvakarukwa zvitema, zvitema, nezvishava uye mamwe mavara ari zvakadzamisisa pamwe semhedziso predominance pamusoro madder ruvara. Mukuedza kusazvidzokorora mumwe Varuki vari kusiyana rinokosha mune mavara. In nyore Pfungwa romubati vakasarudzwa uye mubatanidzwa mavara vanozadzika dzakakwirira uchenjeri chishongo.

hwakarongwa micheka

Bashkir zvishongo uye mapatani vanogona kuwanika pamusoro pamberi National zvipfeko. Nemicheka yaigadzirwa chirimwa fibers mu Bashkirs vakapfuma uye luscious mapatani, zvakasiyana-siyana Decorating nzira. Kusona mbatya zuva nezuva, zvinhu zvezuva nezuva vakanga kugadzirwa zvinonzi pestryad - kanivhasi ruvara mune keji kana zviuno. Pamitambo uye pakuzvichenesa mbatya, zvinhu, Decorating dzimba, akavezera mapatani mortgages kana Bran Textiles (rakarukwa jira).

Of siyana yokusonesa vakadzi Shirts, namaapuroni, vakadzi uye mudhebhe dzevanhu. Nokuti akaita tablecloths, matauro, napkins, maketeni, uye saka siyana nehombodo. D. Pestryad checker muenzaniso achiumbwa kubudikidza mharadzano kurohwa chitsvuku. Kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu Bashkortostan ari Urals uye pestryad rakarukwa masero makuru. The koshesa Mavara matsvuku, uye dema mavara. nharaunda National chishongo siyana wokumusoro muenzaniso duku masero siyana uye mavara zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana. Kazhinji plaid pestryad rakagadzirirwa namaapuroni, tablecloths uye maketeni, yakashongedzwa zvishongo uye yakashongedzwa Bran-kufanana medallions nehoro.

Mhando zvishongo

Kuisa Whitehead Textile mapatani akashongera chete zvinhu yokushongedzwa nokuti musha; machira, matauro uye tablecloths. Mune ornamentation zvipfeko chikwereti unyanzvi haina kuiswa. Nyore zvenyaya chishongo, akaita Bookmarks vane hombe yakabatana mutsetse - iri chaiwo Bashkir chishongo. Edza mitsetse iyi yakaoma, vari interconnected chokuumba X-zvakaumbwa, 3-zvakaumbwa, nedhaimani serin'i, 8-zvakaumbwa nechipi, uye dzimwe mhando zvikuru kunzwisisa. Very chakanangana masere rwakavakwa nyeredzi, pamuchinjikwa, mumwe swastika, nedhaimani pamwe kuenderera mapato kana mapatya curls panguva pamakona, hornlike chimiro.

nezvakarukwa

Pachivanhu Bashkiria dzinamavara zvakanga chinotokosha kupfuura hwakarongwa micheka. Chikonzero ndechokuti munhu nyore nzira inoshanda, uye iwe unogona kuita kuedza zvikuru okusika. Weaving zvaida feedstock uye kuenda apa, uye kupararira apera micheka mugadziri wayo aiva anachronism. Asi nomusoni ari kudiwa nhasi. A-siyana siyana mapatani nezvishongo Bashkir. Figures kuvimba nomusoni michini uye nzira kuti kushandisa mifananidzo iri ine penyika kuitawo.

Basic zvenyaya chishongo - mufananidzo uyu sezvo peya nenyanga gondohwe, S-zvakaumbwa mitsetse, izvo, uwandu siyana kubudisa mapatani muchimiro tsamba X, kana dzinoumba swastika zvikuru stylized maruva motifs. Bashkir chishongo akaurayiwa nezvakarukwa pamusoro jira, vherevheti, kashoma pamusoro donje micheka nesirika, shinda kana donje shinda. The mapatani pamusoro Chigaro-jira inowanzopiwa vasonanidza iri dzvuku kana mutema yaipinda, uye pamusoro pouches uye decoration matepi achiri kunoitika uye dema background, zvinopa muenzaniso mukuru nokupenya uye inopa ruzha zvakajeka nomumwe ruvara ari muenzaniso. Nokuti mapatani pachavo anowanzoshandurwa vakasarudzwa mavara uye ushamwari mavara, asi kazhinji, achisiyanisa pamwe necheseri. Zvinowanzoshandiswa zvitsvuku, yero, girini uye mashoma chaizvo ebhuruu uye zvitema. Favorite ruvara dzvuku rinowanzoshandiswa kuwanikwa mumuitiro ane dzvuku background.

kuvesa

Kuveza, kushongedzwa pamusoro midziyo uye kupenda pamusoro pehuni haana sezvo kwakapararira pakati Bashkirs, akadai wakarukwa kana kurukiswa. Kusara ndiye mapurani kuvesa, kubva yechipiri yezana XIX remakore akaonekwa Bashkiria kwese. Yainyanya kushandiswa zvinoyevedza danda kuvesa yawana mugomo-divi kumabvazuva Bashkiria, apo pfungwa dzakawanda chaizvo taiga Masango weSouthern Urals, izvo zvakapa zvakasiyana-siyana mbishi zvokuvakisa "kugadzirwa huni".

Zvinodiwa dzinongoitika zvoupfumi uye Kuwanikwa masango kare akaita zvakafanira uye zvinoita kuti pave kubva huni midziyo siyana, zvemumba. Panyaya iyi, iyo Bashkirs kushanda, kwokugamuchirwa rave kwakabatana uye zvakanyatsobatana aesthetic manakiro. Mukugadzira zvinhu kushandiswa ose, Bashkirs vakaedza kuvaita kwete chete yakasimba, nyore kushandisa, asi chakanaka. Hapana tsaona kupfuura wakajeka, kunakidza aiva muenzaniso pamusoro midziyo uye zvinhu zuva, nguva kushandiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. In anogadzira zvinhu migomo kuti koumiss, ari ornamentation pakati midziyo, kupenda yematanda zvitsigiso pasi mubhokisi, pamwe chete mavara yenyika, aishanda pamusoro emakore, akachengetedzwa zvinhu mifananidzo kuti anowanzoramba amarudzi yekare kuti vaiitawo kamwe muna dzinza inotungamirwa Bashkir rudzi.

mhedziso

Chishongo of Bashkir vanhu - chete ngano. Ndiye zvinobikwa seboka basa zvizvarwa. Mumwe muenzaniso - mugumisiro seboka basa, nepo panguva imwe chete riri chigadzirwa romubati dzemwoyo wacho. vemifananidzo Vazhinji havaiti chete kuchinja avo vanozivikanwa mapatani, asi kuti pave vatsva. Uyewo, richangobva akasika mapatani havasi kunofambira mberi. Other Artists muchikuya navo kana kuvimba chinyakare mapatani, pakusika yako. Saka siyana uye kupfuma siyana kuti tinoonera netsika ornamentation pamusoro Bashkiria.