Unyanzvi Gzhel: kwakatangira uye kukura hove ano. Sei Swederai gzhel?

Munyika dzakakurumbira inopenya uye akasiyana, risingakanganwiki uye enhetembo uri Gzhel. Mifananidzo inobva upenyu hwezuva nezuva uye upenyu hwaAbhigairi hwaizova vatambi, maruva mazano, chinoitwa yakasiyana noruvara rutema ruvara on chando-chena nechekumashure, kukwezva ziso nokuroya. It haapo munyika mbiri dzakafanana Gzhel zvinhu, kana mukombe, shuga mbiya kana dhishi, nokuti mumwe nomumwe wavo kupendwa noruoko by the artist. Nyaya ino achaedza kuudza nezvenhoroondo Fisheries kukura, kunyanya kupenda, riri inozivikanwa gzhel sei kuzochera yake mapatani uye apo yakanakisisa kutanga.

Kwokuuwana?

60 chete chete kubva Moscow, pamahombekombe erwizi Gzhelka, chinhu chekare musha Gzhel. zita kwayo akagashira kubva kare Russian shoko "zhgel", iro rinoreva "kupisa." Vatendi anogara idzi, akakwanisa kunyange muupenyu ano kuchengetedza yavo netsika mararamiro nezvavanotenda.

Matangiro Ayakaita

Clay ndiye pokutangira, kuburikidza iwe Gzhel yakatanga uye kubudikidza emakore. Zviri munzvimbo idzi dziri Gzhelian-Kudinovskoe dhipoziti pamusoro refractory nevhu. Veko mined nayo uye kuti midziyo zvakafanira pamba, akajeka kuti kuzvifadza nevamwe.

Gzhel C XVII remakore ivhu vanhuwo zvavo vakatumirwa Moscow Pharmaceutical maodha ehurumende zvinodiwa. Muzana XVIII remakore ivhu kubva munzvimbo idzi dzakabatsira kukanganisika chirahwe kuti porcelain uye akashandisa kusika wokutanga zvigadzirwa Russian kubva pairi.

Muzana XIX remakore zvinova zvishoma uye zvishoma vemifananidzo, achishanda oga, vakabatana papurazi, uye zvikuru kubudirira rakazaruka yavo, kunyange zviduku, fekitari.

The yaifamba 1917 akaparadza papurazi uye chitoro, vakasiya pasina basa vanatenzi Gzhel. Chete muna 1933 hwakagadzwa musha Turygin Gzhel Ceramics Factory, izvo akatanga kubudisa uye zvitema-chena, kwete mavara sapakutanga, mugs, ndiro nezvimwe zvinhu zvinodiwa Hurumende yeSoviet.

Mumakore pashure pehondo, chevarwere raanoziva ari kushingaira kukura. In mabasa panguva iyoyo takanga kare kuona sei uri Gzhel, kwakatangira uye kukura Fisheries ano, chichinyatsobatanidzwa tichibatanidza, rinounza kuvandudza unyanzvi nenyanzvi.

Muna 1972, kurimwa kushamwaridzana "Gzhel", kuunganidzwa zvose zviripo panguva kugadzirwa.

Sei chinoitwa?

Gzhel muri chinotanga gadzira nezveramangwana chigadzirwa. Maererano naye, inokosha tenzi modeller muforoma kubva nevhu wokuenzanisira yagadzira purasita yezvidhinha. Kana ichioma, hunodzurwa lengthwise munzvimbo mbiri dzakaenzana zvikamu, imwe neimwe rinoteurirwa kuti pitikoti nomukombiyuta rabha hosipaipi - the Yakanatswa nevhu, rakasanganiswa nemvura. Kana dzaomeswa of Foroma rubanzu chigadzirwa pamwe residual kungoda connectors kuti nguo opravschitsami. Nokusunungura nyaya anoenda muchoto ane tembiricha kuti 900 ⁰ C.

Sezvo Gzhel akapendwa?

Pashure rinopisa chitofu inguva painting, unotanga rokushandura muenzaniso, yakagadzirwa yokudhirowa, pamusoro chigadzirwa, akapa pamusoro wokurarama turnetku. The tenzi ane chete mukana recreate chaiyo kufamba pamuviri muenzaniso, nokuti porous zvinhu absorbs kuti ingi pakarepo. Spatula, brushes, palette uye girazi nechirongo dema oxide pamusoro cobalt - ndizvozvo zvose zvokushandisa. Cobalt - rinokosha pendi kuti kupenda pamusoro Ceramics. Panguva Chikumbiro zviri dema, kuchinja ruvara kuti yebhuruu chete pashure vachiridzira. Painting mumwe chete, asi yakajeka vakaparara zvitema apedza - zvizhinji! kusiyana Izvi zvinoitwa chaiwo nzira Gzhelian tsamba.

Features

Gzhel uri ndohwaJehovha vanonzi underglaze painting, kuti rinoitwa pamusoro vanogumurwa shards asati kushandisa kuri pachimedu pairi. Mushure muenzaniso parinoshandiswa, zviri dzichinyikwa kuri pachimedu, ipapo vanogumurwa zvakare, asi panguva imwe tembiricha kuti 1350 ⁰ C. The chikuru nzira kupenda vari yakafara sitiroko, vachibvumira kusika kuchinja kumeso kubva nerima yebhuruu kuti zvishoma rwebhuruu. The muenzaniso unoumba chinoramba zodzera zvose yakakura uye yakatetepa, achiumburuka kuva mutete mutsetse.

Nhasi tinogona kutaura pamusoro hurongwa wakadenha Gzhelian tsamba uye kuti akasika munhu anokosha uye rakasiyana manyorerwo - Gzhel.

mhando

All siyana Gzhel kupenda airarama rokusika kushandiswa kwayo mhando inokosha zvitatu:

• Plant, kuratidza stylized uye generalized miriwo, michero, rekushongedzesa, mashizha, nezvishongo uye akasungwa. Most kazhinji tenzi vakarondedzera Roses uye daisies, maruva uye carnations, poppies uye dahlias, asters uye peonies.
• Sora. Anosanganisira siyana "checker", "tunonzwa", "droplet", "maparera" uye "muzinga" - yepasi, kushandiswa kuzadza womukati nzvimbo huru zvinoriumba, akadai denderedzwa kana nyeredzi.
• Story. Izvi vatambi mifananidzo kubva rengano, yokudhirowa akati kuburikidza ezvinhu hwemazuva dzomumaguta uye kumaruwa upenyu, dzakasiyana inoti zvakasikwa uye nharaunda.

Uye sei kurudzosa?

Kana iwe vade gzhel sei kurudzosa tichasangana kukuratidzai. Chokutanga, regai chete kuedza kuzochera hombe uye kunzwisisa sezvamunoita. Kupfuura zvose, vachigadzira chena uye zvitema gouache, tsindi bhurasho nechirongo chemvura, edza ruoko rwako nemufananidzo nyore kururamisa mitsetse, mutsinga uye pfungwa, kupfuura madzinde uswa uye swirls, arcs. Zvadaro, kana izvi zvose zviri nyanzvi, unogona kutanga kudzidza dzinokosha Kurohwa inoshandiswa kupenda. Edza kuita mwanakomana wake kana mwanasikana ari mufananidzo unyanzvi kuti "Gzhel". Nokuti vana, haisi kufara kuti mabiko makuru anodzidzisa! Izvi vagari muviri kwete chete dziite mhuri uye ichapa mukana kutaura, asiwo kubatsira mwana wako akure wakanaka injini nounyanzvi maoko, kutsungirira, zvatinoona uye ndangariro.