Main migumisiro yokutonga Ivana Groznogo

Ivan Grozny aiva mwanakomana Grand Prince Vasily III. Uduku wemutongi nezveramangwana kwakaitika kugadzikana nguva mhirizhonga munyika Russian, yakanga rebei simba nezvechiratidzo yemberi Ivan IV basa rayo sezvo muchinda. Uye somugumisiro Ivana Groznogo rokutonga Vakazova kukosha kuti pakuzadzisa munyika kupfuura mamwe basa Russian Changamire iyoyo.

Maererano nenhamba dzekare, zvakanga ipapo kuti njodzi Russia yakavambwa sezvo chaiwo civilizational uye geopolitical paumbwe East West.

Mabasa muchinda uye chinonyanya kukosha migumisiro yokutonga Ivana Groznogo

Ivan IV akasvika chigaro vachiri vaduku chaizvo varume - muna muna 1547. chiitiko chinokosha gore rino raiva Moscow yemuna vanhu ndichirairira pamusoro peutongi hweudzvanyiriri boyars. The mhirizhonga vakasvika chokwadi kuti vamwe nhengo vakaurayiwa Rurik imba. Kunyange kwemakore gumi nemanomwe-Prince, zvakava pachena kuti hurumende inoda yakafara akagadzirwa kuchinja: kusikwa rimwe muboka revatungamiriri, Kushandurwa nezvakatongwa ino, racho mitemo itsva zvinodiwa nguva uye zvichingodaro. Chaizvoizvo, basa iri uye anozivisa chikuru migumisiro yokutonga Ivana Groznogo mune dzakawanda zvematongerwo enyika muchinda. Muna muna 1547 apo muchinda muchivanze yakaumbwa zvisina hurumende, inounganidzwa kubva kwamachinda, vafundisi uye navabati, chinangwa yaiva kunhaka makuru-pamwero kuchinja munyika. The chikuru mabasa ari akasarudzwa kufara (zita hurumende, kusimbisa mu historiography) vaiva zvinotevera:

• ari nokubatanidzwazve nyaya ino uye racho zvizere Sudebnik muna 1550;
• yechitendero kubatana pakati canons eKereke panyika Russian nyika uye kuzviisa pasi nekereke kuti hurumende;
• Kushandurwa weHurumende midziyo, izvo zvakazoita kuti kuchinja zvose machinda chaizvoizvo vakuru vakuru vehurumende uye makuru kutsamira nehurumende dzematunhu pamusoro hurumende nechepakati;
• uto kuchinja, kunosanganisira kutanga yunifomu muitiro basa munyika uye kwezvisikwa pakubhadhara itsva dzose mauto (uta, Gunners). Mugumisiro basa iri raiva chidzoke ane simba centralized mamiriro panzvimbo ichiparara kusvikira Mumakumi emakore apfuura, ukuru Russian.

Oprichnina uye vatorwa negwaro. zvabuda

Zvisinei, pashure 1560 pane kupesana pakati vatungamiri akasarudzwa paramende uye Grand Duke. Inotevera yenhoroondo Russian inozivikanwa se "oprichnina" umo Ivan IV pachake akaumba mumwe akazvitsaurira Corps wamapoka uye akatungamirira chaiyo pamusoro vakakwirira venyika Russian kutya. Kudivi rimwe, izvi zvakaita kuti kutaura mhedziso umambo, riri chaizvo wechisikigo mutoo kuEurope panguva iyoyo. Ukuwo, zviri oprichnina akaisa pasi nokuda pamwero mukuru dambudziko kuti rakamuka pashure hafu yezana remakore uye akazozivikanwa Mukuru Troubles. Zvakava kukosha chaizvo uye migumisiro rokutonga Ivana Groznogo dzomunyika nzvimbo Moscow State. Yakanga isingori simba enyika sangano iri Eastern Slavs pakati Kievan Rus wokutanga, pakati XVI remakore kunotanga kushingaira kuwedzera Moscow aiomerwa nokuda zvavo. Zvikurukuru muna reBaltic mudunhu uye kumabvazuva tichiregeredza aimbova nefuma ari Tatar Horde, apo machinda wokutanga Russian akatanga vanoshingaira kurwisa Ivan Grozny. Results bhodhi ipe nyaya nechidimbu vari patafura.

Main migumisiro yokutonga Ivana Groznogo. tafura

Zvisinei, zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti migumisiro anonyorwa pamahwandefa nani sketchy.