Guta guru Khazars, rakanga rakavakwa pamuromo Volga - Itil. Guta guru Khazar Khanate

The Khazars vaizivikanwa kubvira 6th remakore, kunyanya kurwisa yaro Georgia uye Armenia. Vakagara pasi Volga kusvika Caucasus, nharaunda Russia ano uye Ukraine.

Kubva mabhuku enhoroondo kuti guta guru Khazars, rakanga rakavakwa pamuromo Volga - Itil, iyo yaiva 8-10 remakore. About wake akanyorwa, somuenzaniso, mumabhuku Arab-Persian pamusoro kwavanogara tsvakurudzo.

Historians vachiri havazivi iyo boka kuti ndipe madzinza izvi. In inokosha shanduro ivo vanoonekwa vokuTurkey, kunyange pane mazano kuti vaiva Bulgars uye kuvaRungu kubva kuNorthern eCaucasus. Khazar Khanate akakodzera kuteererwa, sezvo rechi10 remakore, akakwanisa kukurira kuchamhembe Black Sea nharaunda, uye vakawanda nzvimbo muCrimea. With kuvapo Khazars hwakada chokuita nhoroondo Kievan Rus.

An nzvimbo chinokosha guru Khazar Khanate rakanga rakavakwa pamuromo Volga - Itil. Kuti guta iri yakatsaurirwa unyanzvi.

nzvimbo

Dhorobha raiva pamuromo wacho Volga River. Akanga amire pamahombekombe kweGungwa reCaspian, inova yakanaka chaizvo nzvimbo. Izvi akabvumira guta kuti vave muzinda wezvokutengeserana kuMiddle Ages.

Chaiwo nzvimbo dzekare uye matongo asina kutsunga. Izvi imhaka yokuti guta pacharo kwakaregwa chose. Mamwe masayendisiti anodavira kuti guta guru Khazars, rakanga rakavakwa pamuromo Volga - Itil - riri 15 chete kubva Astrakhan. Vamwe vanoti guta akamira kumusoro (pedyo Volgograd ano).

The chete kuvazivisa mumatongo Samosdelka murwi iri muna Astrakhan mudunhu. Rave vakadzidza kubva 1990 uye yakatanga kusvika 9-10 remakore. Masayendisiti akawanda kutenda kwake guru Khazars. Pane dzidziso kuti musha ikaparadzwa paGungwa reCaspian nokuda kuwedzera mvura pamwero.

Chii kubudirira chikonzero

Guta guru Khazar Khanate raiva guru gungwa uye rwizi zvengarava, uyewo rinokosha muzinda wezvokutengeserana. Rakanga nechokuita zvakanaka nzvimbo yeguta, kuburikidza icho chinokosha dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana nguva.

Huru yezvitoro nzvimbo kuMiddle Ages:

• China-Europe. VokuEurope vagara kufarira zvinhu zvinobva East. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha hazvo kuti izvo vaida mari nendarama, zvakanga sirika. Kuwedzera chengarava wake akauya nezvinonhuhwirira, zvomutambarakede. Mune imwe nzira, mugwagwa uyu unowanzonzi Great Silk Road.

• Biarmia-Baghdad Caliphate. Pamwe ichi nzira, vatengesi vaipanana sirivha iri mbava.

• "Kubva VaViking kusvika Khazars." nzira iyi yakazaruka kuna Khazars zvokutengeserana mikana muWestern Europe. The mugwagwa anomhanya kuburikidza muguta kuRegensburg, Prague, Krakow, Kiev.

Pane uchapupu, nokuti izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti vatengesi Russian voburuka kuti Volga muna Itil.

Ko zita Itil

Dhorobha raiva pamuromo murwizi, saka hazvishamisi kuti Turkic zita rayo rinoreva "rwizi". Pane shanduro yeMagwaro kubva muHebheru zita rinoreva "Tsika basa", riri kunyatsondinetsa kuenda unopfuura ngarava. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kuziva anenge rinoshandurwa kubva mutauro wokuTurkey.

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti Itil zita akazviratidza pachinhu guru chete rechi10 remakore. Saka Vatorwa vava kungotaura reguta, kunyange zvazvo Khazars taipedza kugarwa rimwe zita, uye tinoziva kuti raiva zita rwizi, kana mumwe zvikamu guta.

guta mamiriro

Masayendisiti vaigona kusvika vakiridza pakuonekwa guta. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti hwakanga zvikamu zvitatu riri kumativi maviri enyika. Kumadokero uye kumabvazuva nenharaunda vakaparadzaniswa ne Volga. Vakayambukira pakati pavo nechikepe.

Kumadokero kwerukova akararama mambo anofungidzirwa uye nehondo. Ndizvo zhinji misha uye akadana (kusvika kumadokero Volga River) Itil. It akararama kubvira 10 kusvika 16 zviuru vanhu. Divi rokumadokero chakaparadzaniswa mumusha pedyo parusvingo dzakavakirirwa, waiva outputs mana muchimiro pesuwo. Vaviri vakaenda chengarava, uye vamwe vaviri - vari inowanzorimwa.

Kumabvazuva cheguta waiva wokutengesera pamwe vanoda mairi pamisika, dzokuchengetera, namabhati.

Therebetween (anofungidzirwa pachitsuwa) riri chetatu pamwe dzamambo nevatongi. Vakanga vakaita chipiriso chidhinha. Vagari vanhuwo vaisabvumirwa kuvaka izvi zvinhu, saka misha yavo yakanga akanzwa yurts, emapuranga matende. Vamwe vanhu vaigara dugouts.

The guta racho vanogara

Guta guru Khazar Khanate vaisiyana zvikuru siyana kwevanhu. Pano murunyararo pamwe vaKristu, vahedheni, vaMuslim, vaJudha. The vemunharaunda wechiMuzirimu yaiumbwa vatengesi, nyanzvi dzokugadzira, varindi youmambo. Jewish - kubva vatengesi, vagari vakatiza kutambudzwa Byzantium. Vahedheni dzaiwanzova Slavs.

kusawirirana All pakati vanhu kusarudza mutongi uyo aitarisira chinokosha mukuru wamambo. Nokuti vaJudha, vaKristu nevaMuslim vaiva vatongi vaviri kuvahedheni - mumwe.

Guta guru Khazars, rakanga rakavakwa pamuromo Volga - Itil - vaifungidzira nzvimbo chete muchando. Kubva April kusvika November, vagari pachigaro chavo yemadzitateguru mapindu, uye varombo basa mumunda. Around guta chaimbova musha uye nyika arable, kukohwa kubva yakapiwa Itil panyika uye mvura.

Rufu guta

Vakaparadza guta guru Khazars (Itil) yaiva yechipiri yezana rechi10 remakore. Chiitiko ichi Rinobatanidzwa ne muchinda Kievan Rus Svyatoslav Chikareva. Vagari vapukunyuka kubatwa muguta, aigona kupotera pazvitsuwa zviri Delta erwizi.

Pakazosvika mangwanani remakore rechi11 zviri Rus akasiya guru, uye akakwanisa kudzoka Khazar yamambo. Zvisinei, guta raimiririra, maererano al-Biruni, matongo. zvimwe nhoroondo Its harizivikanwi.