First State Duma yeRussian Empire

Russia somunhu nyika ine zvetsika vaaigarisana kwenguva refu nguva akaita pasina zakonosoveschatelnogo muviri - Parliament. First State Duma akanga kuunganidzwa chete muna 1906, pasi chirevo Nicholas II. Chisarudzo ichi chaiva zvakafanira asi kunopera, kunyanya kana iwe kufungawo makore chimiro dzomuzana ayo mune dzimwe nyika. MuEngland, Somuenzaniso, Parliament vakadzoka mukunopera Middle Ages muFrance - panguva imwe chete. The United States, iyo dzakaumbwa 1776, akasika yakafanana simba anenge pakarepo.

Uye zvakadini Russia? In nyika yedu tagara wakaitwa nzvimbo yakasimba nechepakati simba amambo-baba, uyo pachake akanga kufungisisa zvose vashumiri kuitwa mitemo. Nokuda First State Duma haana kuzviratidza mushure Troubles, pasi Peter I, kana kunyange pasi Catherine II, uyo akaronga convening muviri, zvakafanana basa kune executable Parliament. chete collegium dzakavakwa.

Mumazana XIX remakore, vatsigiri ane yepamutemo umambo (sezvo muRussia vaiva Dime gumi nevaviri) vaiva nyasha yeparamende hurongwa. Maererano naye, mambo uye nevashumiri vaifanira kukudziridza zvikwereti, iyo Duma kuti kukurukura navo, kuchinja, uye izvozvo anotuma vakapiwa magwaro kuti nemasaini kuna mambo.

Zvisinei, nokuda mutemo vamwe vatongi, kunyanya Nicholas I, 1, State Duma kubvira XIX remakore kuRussia uye haana kuzviratidza. Mumaonero mutongo vepamusoro kuti chaiva chiratidzo chakanaka, nokuti aigona zvachose haafaniri kunetseka kuzvicheka-kuda pakuita mitemo - the shinda zvose rakaitirwa mumaoko amambo.

Chete kukura kunyunyuta moods munyika akamanikidza chevaux Nicholas II akasaina Manifesto pamusoro pokugadzwa Duma.

First State Duma akazarura muna April 1906 uye akava rakanakisisa mufananidzo enyika ezvinhu Russia panguva yenhoroondo. Sokunge nhengo varimi kunyika varidzi, vatengesi, vashandi. The National Kuronga Duma aivawo heterogeneous. Vaiva mairi, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Russian, Georgians, Poles, vaJudha uye vamiririri mamwe madzinza. Kazhinji, yakanga wokutanga State Duma muna 1906 akava mwero chaiwo enyika yakarurama, iyo yaizova godo muUnited States kunyange nhasi.

Zvisinei, Sad, chokwadi chokuti Duma First akanga zvachose sagona enyika chikara. Zvikonzero ichi vari vaviri. Chokutanga ndechokuti State Duma rokutanga ungano kwaisava zakonosoveschatelnogo muviri, asi rudzi enyika mamiriro yaitonga. Chikonzero chechipiri - iri boycott of Duma nokuda kuruboshwe-bapiro mauto.

Nekuda izvi zviviri, kutanga State Duma muna July wegore iroro "kwasvika" asati disbanding. Vasingafari kuti paiva nerunyerekupe dzakawanda nenzanga renyaya pamusoro okupedzisira abolition of Duma, izvo, sezvinei, havana nekusimbiswa. Wechipiri Duma akanga kuunganidzwa nokukurumidza, waiva zvishoma hunobudirira rokutanga, asi zvakawanda pamusoro kuti yakasiyana nyaya.

Duma wokutanga ungano raiva kare Russian, rudzi kutanga achitandadza Democratic Change. Kunyange zvazvo rakarongwa gare gare, basa rake kukura parliamentarism yokutanga Duma airidza.