Pangea (yakaoma): inotungamirwa uye nekupatsanurwa Supercontinent

Pangea - huru, pamusoro zvatinoziva, kuvimba chete fungidziro uye kufungidzira remasayendisiti. zita iri rakapiwa iripo kubva pakazvarwa yedu yacho, iyo, maererano pfungwa yacho Geological kare Nyika, ndiye chete uye okumavirira kumativi ose nenyanza rinonzi Panthalassa. Chii chaitika redu? Uye tine anozivikanwa makondinendi? Pamwe chete hypotheses masayendisiti kupindura mibvunzo iyi, uchadzidza zvimwe nyaya.

Sei makondinendi kuputsa?

Zvose ino unochinja - kunyange makondinendi, izvo, sokuti, zvakasimba chando panzvimbo, vanogona kuchinja nzvimbo yavo.

Shoko "Pangea" rinoshandurwa kubva muchiGiriki rinoreva "nyika yose." Masayendisiti akaverenga kuti Pangea - huru, iyo vakadonha uye yakakamurwa dzikava munyanza Mvura anenge mamiriyoni 180 apfuura.

Pane kufungidzira kuti chiitiko ichi pamberi makondinendi akanga akasiyana. Masayendisiti anoti pasi pokudzora zvimwe zvinhu munyika uye nzvimbo ine mvura zvavo munyika iri zvisingadzoreki kuchinja. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pashure imwe nguva zvaizivikanwa kwatiri nzvimbo ano makondinendi, zvakare, zvichava zvakasiyana.

Age ariko makondinendi, maererano nenyanzvi vanodzidza Geological nhoroondo yedu - makore anenge mamiriyoni 80. Nokufamba kwenguva, makondinendi achifuridzirwa kupisa kubva huru panyika chinoumba uye vachishandisa kutenderera nyika pachayo, iva nechokwadi kuti aputse uye kuumbwa patsva. Uyu cyclical chichiitwa, ndiro chokwadi kudzokororwa.

The kwaita Pangea

Yakakura nzvimbo Continental goko yakaumbwa panyika anenge mabhiriyoni 2,7 akapfuura. Land Earth akabatanidzwa kuva chete superkontint, achiumba kondinendi wokutanga - Pangea. Yakanga paumbwe kondinendi, apo crustal ukobvu yave kufanana mune ano makondinendi rokutanga - 40? Km.

Panguva Proterozoic STRUCTURAL urongwa Nyika akatanga kuchinja. Makore anenge mabhiriyoni 2,3 akapfuura, kutanga Pangea vapera.

New (wechipiri) Pangea akaumba pakupera of Early Proterozoic, anenge mabhiriyoni 1,7 akapfuura. Ipapo vakaparadzana nomumugwagwa nzvimbo zvakare welded kupinda imwe supercontinent.

Nokupesvedzera siyana zvinokonzera goko Continental pasi akatanga zvakare kuchinja nzvimbo yavo. Akazviratidza Pacific Ocean vakatanga kubuda kuti hurukuro yacho North Atlantic Ocean rave kumumvuri pakati Tetris, izvo akatsemura kondinendi iri kumaodzanyemba uye kuchamhembe boka. Zvino nguva Paleozoic Pangea paakapedza paumbwe wechitatu.

Laurasia uye Gondwana - uyo anokunda?

Pane shanduro Pangea - huru, yomuka panguva kudhumhana pamusoro makondinendi Gondwana uye Laurasia. At nzvimbo kudhumhana chiitiko akaumba maviri kupfuura kare Midungwerungwe yemakomo: yacho Appalachians uye Urals. Panguva iyi zvose haisi pamusoro, lithospheric ndiro rakaramba kutamira mumwe kusangana, zvichiguma loop aimbova kondinendi wokumaodzanyemba kwakaita pasi chikamu nyika, yakanga iri kuchamhembe. Izvi masayendisiti vanodana kuzviremekedza Absorção de Água.

The kurwisana vaviri supercontinent simba kwaiva kwaita guru kunetseka pakati Pangea akasika navo. Nokufamba kwenguva, makakatanwa ino chete awedzera kuti akaita chimwe vagadzirisane. Dzimwe nyanzvi kuisa mberi dzidziso kuti Pangea haana - waivapo Gondwana uye Laurasia, izvo akakiyiwa mumwe nokuda zvakawanda 200 miriyoni makore uye apo pose akaputsa Zvaparara zvakare.

Features Paleozoic

Yakanga panguva Paleozoic supercontinent Pangea akava chete. Ya nguva - makore anenge mamiriyoni 290. Iyi pakataurwa chidzoke dzakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu, uye dzakaguma zvavo vakawanda kutsakatika.

All matombo kuti akaumbwa panguva iyoyo, akataura Palaeozoic boka. Tsanangudzo iyi yokutanga yokusuma inozivikanwa geologist Adam Sedzhvik England.

Pangea - huru ine tembiricha pasi, nekuti kwemasayendisiti kuti vakatora nzvimbo panguva yayo mavambo, zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti musiyano iri kutonhora yamatanda uye neequator raikosha.

The chidzoke zvipenyu

The chikuru Chikamu zvipenyu inogarwa gungwa. Zvinenge Ugare zvose zvinobvira nzvimbo, achitora mvura yakachena uye mvura shoma. Pakutanga vakanga herbivores: tabulates, archeocyathids, bryozoans.

Panguva iyi, kwaiva zhinji makirasi siyana uye mhando zvipenyu. Pakutanga, zvose zvipenyu vakararama mumakungwa, uye zvemberi pakati pavo vakanga cephalopods.

Rini vekupedzisira - Perm - Paleozoic nguva, panyika yakanga akafukidzwa nemasango zhinji, vaitogara chinyakare mhuka. Panguva iyoyo yakatanga kubuda ropa rechiJudha chairo zveroreptilii.

Nguva mukuru kutsakatika zvipenyu

Panoperera ari Paleozoic yaitonga akauya kwayo chokupedzisira. - the Permian nguva. Panguva ino paiva kutsakatika kuti masayendisiti funga zvikuru chinzvimbo munhoroondo Pasi.

pasi uyu pamberi inogarwa noshamisa zvipenyu: pre-mifananidzo dinosaurs, Sharks uye zvinokambaira pamusoro husingagumi saizi.

For isingazivikanwi zvikonzero, vanenge 95% vose zvipenyu mhando zvinenge kuva nokutsakatika. Chinonyanya kukosha mugumisiro paumbwe uye kuparara Pangea aiva kutsakatika mazana mhando invertebrates, izvo kukonzera kuchinja vomunyika dzakasiyana-siyana matsva ezvinhu zvinomera uye mhuka.

Kuparadzana Pangea

Makore mamiriyoni 250 apfuura, Pangea akatsemura kamwe zvakare kupinda mumakondinendi maviri. Paiva Gondwana uye Laurasia. Paiva aparadzane nenzira yakadaro kuti Gondwana vakabatana pacharo: South America, reIndia, Australia, Africa uye Antarctica. The Zvinoumba Laurasia zvaisanganisira ino mundima Asia, Europe, Zimbabwe uye North America.

makondinendi All avanoziva kwatiri uri nenzvimbo mepu - vari zvimedu supercontinent yekare. Mamiriyoni makore munyika paradzanisa reba akaramba achikura, zvichiita kuti paumbwe makondinendi ano. Inoumbwa nzvimbo izere mvura munyanza, izvo pamusoro nguva rave akakamurwa kuAtlantic uye Indian.

Solid munda yakakamurwa North America uye Eurasia, uye prolih Bering Strait pakati.

nzvimbo yomugariro dambanemazwi

Kana iwe kunyatsotarisisa kune yose, makondinendi pairi muchimiro yokuvaraidza dambanemazwi namasirivha ane mhando. Nemaziso, unogona kuona kuti makondinendi mune dzimwe nzvimbo zvabatanidzwa zvakakwana.

Pfungwa masayendisiti kuti makondinendi vaimbova chete, zvinogona kuongororwa vachishandisa nyore evanhu. Zviri zvakakwana kutora mepu dzenyika, makondinendi uye richivezwa kuenzanisa navo mumwe.

Paunoisa pamwe Africa uye South America, uchaona kuti contours pamusoro dzarwo anenge kose enderana. Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana uchakwanisa kucherechedza uye kuNorth America, Zimbabwe, Africa uye Europe.

Muna 1915, kuti Alfred Wegener - meteorologist, musayendisiti, uyo kwemakore akawanda vakadzidza uye waongorora kuti paleontological uye nenzvimbo date - vakasvika pakugumisa kuti Pasi aimbova kondinendi chete. Ndiye ainzi yacho Pangea.

Pfungwa Wegner rwakaonekwa kwemakore akawanda. Makore 40 chete pashure musayendisiti German afa, kubvuma kwake kuti makondinendi kukukurwa nguva dzose, vave kuzivikanwa pamutemo nesayenzi. Supercontinent Pangea zvechokwadi uye kufurirwa zvokunze uye dzakawanda zvinhu Zvaparara.

Masayendisiti kufanotaura nezveramangwana

Yeuka kuti, maererano ano pfungwa, masayendisiti, pamakore mamiriyoni 500 vose huripo makondinendi vakaumba mukondinendi chete mune nedanho papi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti hafu nguva kubvira kuchinja nzvimbo makondinendi yakatobuda akapfuura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti makore vanenge mamiriyoni 250 Pasi richachinja zvakare kuratidza itsva Pangea Ultiama, iyo ichasanganisira: Africa, Australia, Eurasia, America uye Antarctica.

Kubva apa tinogona kugumisa kuti nhoroondo inotungamirwa uye kuora kwenyika yacho yekare - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha uye chinokosha matanho munhoroondo yedu. Izvi cyclic muitiro inodzokororwa pamakore mamiriyoni 500. Tinofanira kuziva uye kudzidza nhoroondo kondinendi Pangea kutanga kuva pfungwa ramangwana Earth.