Wokumaodzanyemba Ocean

Chii gungwa? Ocean - pose mvura goko Nyika, iyo runopoteredza makondinendi uye zvitsuwa. Anopfuura makumi manomwe muzana (kuva munoreva, 71%) Nyika pamusoro rinosanganisira mumakungwa. Chii gungwa? Makondinendi uye zvitsuwa yakakura mumakungwa muzvikamu shanu. On mepu anogadzirwa Russian Federation, iwe Ungangove havazowani muna Southern Ocean. Zvisinei, muna 2000, International Hydrographic Union kushandisa chisarudzo pamusoro weboka mvura nyika nzvimbo iri mumakungwa shanu. Anozikamwa vakapoteredza Pacific, Indian, Atlantic uye Arctic akawedzera Southern Ocean. Nei akawedzera kuti pasi rino? Pasinei nokuti Muganhu worutivi yeAtlantic, Pacific uye Indian makungwa chaizvo kwakajairika, mvura, yakabatana Antarctica, vane zvakananga ehupfumi. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti International Hydrographic Union asarudze haina vakanyorerana.

Southern Ocean uye That ane muganhu wokuchamhembe, izvo vaiona Antarctic Convergence mapazi (mapazi ose convergence pamusoro pemvura dzenzvimbo). Mamwe oceanographers, masayendisiti anodavira kuti kumuganhu Southern Ocean mumuviri zvishoma kuchamhembe, kureva kuti arc kumaodzanyemba Tierra Del Fuego kuna South Africa. nzvimbo Its kunopfuura miriyoni 76 mativi makiromita, chikuru chakayerwa kudzika South Sandwich mugoronga anenge 8428 mamita.

Wokutanga akarondedzera Southern Ocean muna 1650. The chiDutch geographer B. Varenius. Gare gare, muzana remakore rechi18, zvakatanga kudzidza nharaunda.

Muna 1845, kuti London Royal Geographical Society zvakabayirwa pazvakaringana yose, iyo iri shoma kumaodzanyemba polar denderedzwa uye kunosvika kuna kondinendi Antarctic, yainzi Southern Arctic Ocean. Southern Ocean muna zvinyorwa International Hydrographic Organization oga muna 1937 kubva Pacific, Atlantic uye Indian Zvisinei, gare gare kuti kusiyiwa.

Kubva nhoroondo kudzidza Southern Ocean zvinozivikanwa kuti chikepe chokutanga, iyo vakayambukira muna 1559 kumaodzanyemba polar denderedzwa, aiva chiDutch chikepe pasi murayiro Dirk Geerittsa, nhengo dzechikwata Jakove Magyu. D. Geerittsa chikepe vari Strait of Magellan pashure yakasimba dutu vakanga varasikirwa pamberi dzechikwata, uye akaenda kumaodzanyemba. Vachidonhedzera kuti vanenge 64 ° rwezasi Latitude, murayiro akaona dzakakwirira.

Muna 1772, gore Great Britain nechikepe pamusoro rwayo gungwa rati kumaodzanyemba hemisphere pakati yakakurumbira aiongorora D. Cook, uye pakutanga 1773rd gore, zvikepe ake maviri kusvika kumaodzanyemba polar denderedzwa. Zvisinei, pashure nezano hondo pamwe chando, vakadzokera. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare Cook akaenda zvakare kuna Southern Ocean, uye December 8, 1773 yarova kumaodzanyemba kweArctic Circle, asi chikepe zatort chando. Zvisinei, iye vasunungurwa chando pakutapwa, uye akaenda mberi kumaodzanyemba. Asi zvakare zvakanzi nokupfuura ane kwegore risingapindiki rusvingo chando, izvo haabvumirwi kuenda mberi. In chechipiri rwendo kuna South Pole Cook kaviri akayambuka Antarctic Circle, uye aiva nechokwadi chokuti akawandisa icebergs kunoratidza kuti zvakawanda zvinodiwa kuti kuchikosha kondinendi Antarctic. Its polar gungwa adventures ari rwendo iye saka zvakajeka uye zvakajeka akatsanangura kuti kupfuura munhu, kunze apererwa whalers, refu nguva haana angatsunga kuenda kumatunhu avo uye kuongorora navo.

In June 1819 vatsvakurudzi Russian Bellingshausen uye Mikhail Lazarev akaenda sloops maviri hondo kubva Kronstadt akananga Southern Ocean. Vakwira mhiri rwezasi kweArctic Circle, vakapfuura kurutivi rwamabvazuva, muna January 1821 vawana muzvitsuwa Peter I, uye gare gare muna January 1820 - Earth Alexander I. The rwendo akarayira Bellingshausen akaita rizere rokutanga nechikepe chidiki chaienda matare akapoteredza Antarctica, akazaruka munguva nesayenzi rwendo urwu zvomumvura.