Ionizing nemwaranzi - ndiwo matambudziko ionizing mwaranzi ...

Pakati zvose zvinhu kukanganisa kuputika yenyukireya (kuvhunduka chinozunguzirwa, chiedza nemwaranzi, remagetsi kupomba, radioactive hutachiona, ionizing nemwaranzi), zvikuru ngozi runoonekwa kuti ionizing nemwaranzi. Ichi zvikuru wegamma nemwaranzi, anoteverwa Nyuturoni nekubudisa zviri chaibwinya kubva yenyukireya kuputika rwokushanyira kwenguva pfupi nguva - the zviumbu uye makumi ezviuru mumasekonzi. Ndicho chikonzero chikuru kuti kukura nemwaranzi kurwara.

ionizing nemwaranzi

Ionizing nemwaranzi, kana ionizing nemwaranzi - norwizi photons, zvokutanga nezvimedu, fission zvimedu maatomu iyo inokwanisa ionizing nefuma, i.e. unoponesa kwazvakarerekera maatomu kana mamorekuru kupinda ions - chokwadi mhosva inoramba. Somugumisiro "Kushandurwa" wakaputsika physico-zvemakemikari uye utachiona pezvakaitwa zviri zvipenyu nyama uye zvinhu, sekiristaro yekamuri raparadzwa, pane kuchinja mune samolecular marongerwo. Damage nharaunda pamusoro rakapinza mwaranzi dererei zvikuru kupfuura chiedza achine kana kuvhunduka wave. Zvikuru ngozi munzvimbo dziri mukati 2-3? Km kubva kwacho. Izvi imhaka yokuti zvokutanga nezvimedu runoyerera kuzviita yokuita zvinoitwa mhepo.

Nature of ionizing mwaranzi

Kuti tinzwisise kuti rakapinza nemwaranzi ane kuputika zvenyukireya, zvinokosha kufunga hunhu waro, uye kuti izvi zvinoshandawo kune urongwa atomu.

Atomu - zviduku PARTICIPLE ane kwemakemikari Kufananidzira randinogara rine neerekitironi orbiting maerekitironi. The tsanga, akavapindurawo, inoumbwa zviviri zvinoti - the protons uye neutrons. First takura kupomera akanaka, wechipiri - kwazvakarerekera. Nokuda vakawanda nhamba protons uye maerekitironi (isakarurama mhosva) kazhinji atomu iri electrically kwazvakarerekera. Somugumisiro yacho bombardment pamwe neutrons kunoitika fuma atomu neerekitironi kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri chete kusunungurwa yakawanda simba uye "chipping" kuti zvokutanga inoramba. "Banzurwa" neutrons, protons kunotutirwa dzimwe nuclei, uye ipapo kugovera navo hafu - rinotanga ane renyukireya kuita kusingadzorwi.

Saka, ionizing nemwaranzi - hakuna mumwe kunze yakatarwa "breakaway" zvokutanga nezvimedu (dzisina vasangana nevamwe nuclei), uye pakaitwa simba - remagetsi kana wegamma nemwaranzi.

Zvinokonzera kuchinja zviri mamiriro

Changing sechivako nyaya - chikuru chikonzero yakadaro inokanganisa kuti ionizing mwaranzi kurarama nyama uye siyana vasiri chaivo zvinhu. Izvi kunoitika pamusana bombardment fuma "breakaway" neutrons maatomu. Somugumisiro dzokuteerera kwakadai, sezvataona, pane makirisito kupesana migove miviri.

Asi ichi zvinoitika chaizvo kashoma, nokuti simba ichi chikuru chinofanira kuva rakapinza nemwaranzi. Ichi uye ichi bedzi anogona kugovera musimboti mudanga ezvinhu. Chikuru Chikonzero kuchinja chimiro nefuma ndiyo ejection pakati neutrons atomu. Somugumisiro, mukanyiwa pamusoro chinoumba ipfupi, kwakakanganiswa ari remagetsi nepakati, uye kuti kuidzosera, kuti Erekitironi anomanikidzwa "siya" muchadenga kwayo.

Zvakanyatsoenzana anodzorerwa, asi atomu anowana mhosva akanaka, nekuti nhamba protons haina ungaderedza nayo - iri ionized fuma. Zviri pachena kuti ions havagoni kuita zvakafanana mashandiro sezvo maatomu. Uyezve, mamorekuru kuva isina, ivo nekuwora kupinda monomers. Ndokusaka mugumisiro ionizing mwaranzi saka dzinouraya vanhu.

nemwaranzi chirwere

mishonga makuru ionizing mwaranzi kazhinji, nemwaranzi chirwere chinokurwadzai - kuparadzwa, kukuvara nokuda nemwaranzi tishu. Inogona kuva somugumisiro pfupi kuona yakakwirira mishonga kana mazhinji chokupfeka zvishoma zvikuru. Saizvozvowo, kukuvara kunogona inopinza uye pachivande. Chero zvazvingava, chirwere tigume dzemuviri. Nokufamba rikwanise mwaranzi chirwere chinobata zvose enyika muviri kana imwe nhengo. Kakawanda, matambudziko ionizing mwaranzi "pfungwa" pamusoro mugaranhoko. Panyaya iyi, chirwere achabatsirwa zvikuru kurutsa, kuda kurutsa, manyoka uye kupera mvura mumuviri. Uyezve, muviri chepfu sero masarasara mamorekuru. Kunouya zvayo kudhaka.

Nguva yose Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa nguva nemwaranzi chirwere kubva mashomanana kuti mwedzi. Panguva ino, munhu anenge asina kunzwa kwokuva kurwara, asi zvino anouya pakakwirira chirwere. Kudhaka kunoitika, kukura zvirwere, rinooneka kwakaderedza masero eropa uye mumwongo pane zvakawanda ropa uye rufu.

kuchengetedzwa kubva nemwaranzi nheyo inouraya

Huru kudzivirira ngozi nemwaranzi ndiyo nguva. Mumazuva okutanga pashure yenyukireya kuputika nemwaranzi kuchinyanya kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura mashoma. Izvi imhaka yokuti zvinhu zvose vane akasiyana hafu-upenyu - zvikurukuru rakakamurwa pfupi isotopes (zvikuru ngozi), uye chete ipapo nezvimedu yasara. Uyezve, nokuti mumwe nomwe o'clock ari nemwaranzi pamwero ipfupi zvakapetwa kagumi. Distance - wechipiri kuchengetedzwa chinhu. Double kure kubva kwacho kunoderedza padanho nemwaranzi 4 nguva. Asi chikuru uye kupfuura inokwanisika nzira kudzivirira munhu kuongorora - Kushandisa Kwakashandiswa micheka sokunotadzisa aibuda zvokutanga inoramba. The yakanakisisa ehupfumi unodzivirira vari kutungamirira, simbi, kongiri, zvidhina, pasi. Ndokusaka utiziro kuronga pevhu mudzimba monolithic muzvivako.

Radiation kuchengetedzwa zvokudya

Kudzivirira rakapinza nemwaranzi hakusi bedzi pakusikwa zvipingamupinyi kuti aibuda neutrons uye wegamma mwaranzi, asiwo vakaperekedza chikafu kubva radionuclides. Chinhu chokutanga kuitwa kuchengetedza zvokudya uye mvura - kuaisa vapinde batana nevamwe. Izvi zvinogona kuva bhegi mapurasitiki, purasitiki mudziyo, simbi mugaba. Izvi zvinoitwa rekuona kuti manyowa zvigadzirwa havana kugona kugara zvokudya uye ipapo kupinda muviri.