Indian Ocean

Rechitatu pakukura munyika ichaongororwa kuIndian Ocean. Yakafara (pakati South Australia uye South Africa), vanenge zviuru gumi makiromita. Nharaunda Indian Ocean - 73.556.000 mativi makiromita (pedyo Persian Gulf uye Gungwa Dzvuku).

Islands iri mumvura zvishoma. The Kudeuka ndiwo: Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Socotra. Panotova kuputika chitsuwa sezvo Prince Edward, Mascarene, Crozet nevamwe. On kuputika pasikweya munyika dzinopisa latitudes dziri pamusoro Coral zviwi zviri Chagos, Laccadives, Maldives, Cocos, uye vamwe.

The Indian Ocean akapfuma zvicherwa. Saka, pamusoro echiShinto yakawanikwa gasi uye oiri (kunyanya kuPersian Gulf), monazite sand (ari mumhenderekedzo yegungwa nzvimbo iri kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero India), ari deposits paruware - goridhe, phosphates, netini mhangura. Vagadzirisane munyika dzine vakawana mhangura chromium, manganese, simbi, mhangura, uye zvichingodaro. Concretions deposits huru kuwanikwa nembiya zhinji.

Indian Ocean, iri zvachose kumabvazuva hemisphere. KuMadokero, Africa iri kuchamhembe - Eurasia kumabvazuva - Australia uye Sunda Islands, muna South - Antarctica. In rwezasi-kumadokero Indian Ocean, yakafara zvakakwana kuudzwa kuti Atlantic, nechokumaodzanyemba-mabvazuva - kusvikira Pacific.

pasi kwakaita nzvimbo yacho omei uye siyana. Pazasi kuIndian Ocean kusiyanisa pakati Akabvisa hurongwa mid-yomugungwa anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Ivo zvisingapindirani kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva uye kuchamhembe-kumadokero. Ranges zvisingapindirani pamberi transverse zvikanganiso uye rifts, seismicity, volcanism yafukidzwa. Vakawanda yakadzika-mvura nembiya iri pakati anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Pasherufu mutsauko guru upamhi, asi kukura kwaro chinokosha ari kumiganhu Asian.

A wandei chikamu Indian Ocean nhema subequatorial, Equatorial uye mvura zvikamu. mugove wokumaodzanyemba kwayo iri pamatunhu latitudes kune Sub-Antarctic. The chikuru chinoratidza okunze mumvura vaiona monsoons - pamwaka mhepo. Panyaya iyi, muna Indian Ocean mwaka miviri chete - munhu akanyarara, ichidziya uye kwaiva uye ane dzechando, kupisa, kuchinaya uye dutu zvezhizha. From 10º S. W. kumaodzanyemba iri hunodzorwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva dzaishandiswa nemhepo. Nokuti dzinodziya latitudes riri dzinoratidzwa kwakaenzanirana uye kwakasimba mhepo kubva kumavirazuva. The Equatorial bhandi kunoratidzwa chinokosha yakawanda kunayisa - vanenge zviuru zvitatu millimeters pagore. Muna Persian Gulf uye Gungwa Dzvuku uye nemhenderekedzo Arabia, nekusiyana, zvishoma kunayisa.

The dzenzvimbo kuIndian Ocean muna kuchamhembe chikamu vanotungamirirwa yekupindurwa monsoon, kusungira hurongwa inoyerera mwaka. Saka kuumbwa rokuponesa monsoon (kubva kumavirira kusvikira kumabvazuva) nechando (zvisizvo). Nokuti kumaodzanyemba chikamu maitiro South Equatorial kuitika uye West Wind kukukurwa.

Paavhareji mvura pamusoro tembiricha iri madhigirii anenge namanomwe. Izvi vade kutonhora zvazvingava chokuita nezvemidzimu Antarctic mvura. Kuchamhembe chikamu penyanza inotanga kudziya kwazvo. Sezvo pasina inflow kwechando, ndiro akanyanya kupisa chikamu. MuGulf zhizha mvura tembiricha inogona kusimuka kusvika 34 inegumi. Nokuti kumaodzanyemba hemisphere dzinoratidzwa nezvishoma kuderera tembiricha pamwe kuwedzera Latitude.

Organic nyika iri Indian Ocean zvikurukuru akafanana Pacific makemikari nyika. Zvinonzi dzinoratidzwa siyana hove dzemarudzi sezvamunoita. Somuenzaniso, kuchamhembe akapfuma pamwe anchovies, rehove pamunhu, Tuna, mackerel. Pano unogona kuwana Sharks, kubhururuka hove , uye vamwe. Southern Indian Ocean inogarwa nototheniids, hove chena-ropa rechiJudha chairo. Pano unogona kuwana pinnipeds uye cetaceans. Kunyanya vakapfuma makemikari munyika nekorari zviwi uye Continental pasherufu.