Munyika remitemo yokutanga kubva Sparta kusvika US

Apo paiva bumbiro wokutanga? mubvunzo uyu achaedza kupindura munyaya ino. Asi kutanga, isu kuongorora pfungwa.

Bumbiro iri ano mupfungwa

Munyika remitemo wokutanga ano mupfungwa akazviratidza muUnited States. Pasi pfungwa iyi zvinoreva huru mutumbi mutemo kuti anoita nheyo hurumende. Izvi haisi muunganidzwa mabasa pamutemo - chinhu chinokosha pamutemo iro nezvose zviri kuvakwa.

Prototypes of emitemo kare

The inozivikanwa zvikuru unhu avo chinozoiswa chiitiko wokutanga pamutemo pamwe pakati pehurumende uye vagari - Solon (vomuAtene archon), mambo weRoma Servius Tullius, ari Spartan Lycurgus. Vose ndakasika mitemo nawo vanhu vakararama. Somuenzaniso, muna Sparta guru Retro gadziriro simba vanhu chemhando simba, vakapfuura kusvikira kumarudzi namarudzi nomuromo. The Council akanga kusangana parwizi uye kusarudza kare yakanga yagadzirwa pachine.

Murairo San Marino

Bumbiro yokutanga kwenyika rakagamuchirwa munyika zvipfupi kuEurope kweSan Marino. The Basic Mutemo kushandisa ipapo muna 1600, kwaiva hwaro guta rayo bumbiro iri XIV remakore.

Harimboonekwi Constitution Filippa Orlika

Munyika remitemo yokutanga - gwaro Filippa Orlika muna 1710. It akanyorwa Bendery pamusoro nharaunda hweOttoman Empire. Nhasi ari mundima Pridnestrovian chinoda (Moldova). The Constitution chiri chibvumirano pakati Hetman Filippom Orlikom uye vakuru vashoma. Zvisinei, haana kuita chinhu pamutemo simba. Bumbiro Nyika yokutanga mitemo, iyo ainziwo pebumbiro remitemo, asi akava zvizere zviri pamutemo kwakabatsira munharaunda yose - huru mutemo United States.

US bumbiro remitemo rokutanga

Mutemo mukuru US vakapfuura September 17, 1787 panguva Council of Philadelphia, riri bumbiro iri ano mupfungwa. Inoitwa nomwe nyaya. Zvisinei, vose yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita (makumi maviri nemanomwe) vanoonekwa chinokosha payo. The mbuva havatsananguri political inokosha gadziriro, chigaro kupatsanurwa kwemasimba pakati kwemitemo (Congress), Executive (mutungamiri) uye matare (kumatare, soro iyo ndiyo Supreme).

US bumbiro rokutanga pamutemo vaiona vokutanga munyika yazvino pamutemo pfungwa rokuti.

History chokusika

Kunyange munguva Hondo Independence, takakurukura mabasa akasiyana-siyana mutemo zvinokosha. Muna 1777, ivo Second Continental Congress vakagamuchira Zvipupuriro Confederation. Gwaro iri inorondedzera US somunhu mubatanidzwa, t. E. Kubatanidzwa wandei akazvimirira rinoti pamwe shoma masimba chehurumende. It asina bumbiro kutanga kwenyika, asi pokuikurukura chaiyo pahwaro midziyo Confederation.

Neutera Gwaro uyu kuti chero vhoti, mumwe mamiriro akapiwa rusununguko kurambidza simba, kureva. E. Aizogona chaivharidzira chero Mutongo Confederation Congress. Mitemo yakadaro usarega kuita zvisarudzo zvinokosha pamusoro dzakakosha, chokwadi, Congress haana musoro.

Muna September 1786, vevatariri kubva 5 inoti vakasangana Annapolis achinje Zvipupuriro Confederation. Zvisinei, vamiririri vaibva dzimwe inoti kana zvachose kuteerera gungano, kana asingagoni asvika. Vatariri kubvira 5 inoti nyaya Council kuungana muPhiladelphia vamiririri vose nechinangwa kudzokorora ndima nyaya.

Bumbiro yokutanga Europe

Muna 1772 Russia, Prussia uye Austria yaingoda kwekuneta kwePoland - akatora wokutanga Chikamu Commonwealth. Kutaura zvazviri, zvikara zvikuru European kuruma nharaunda yake akakura asina kurwisa.

The pedyo kutya kuparadzwa ehurumende kwakawedzera womukati kurwisa enyika muPoland. Mapato maviri akarwa Diet: nyika (zvinhu vatsigiri) uye staroshlyahetskaya (weConservative).

October 6, 1788 Patriotic Party akatora pamusoro. It hwachinja kubva munhuwo Diet in mubatanidzwa. Izvi zvaireva kuti ikozvino chisarudzo pamusoro inofanira kutorwa vazhinji vhoti, uye hapana munhu akanga aine kodzero kurambidza.

Patriotic Party akatsvaka chose vashandure nevezvematongerwo enyika muPoland, asi simba revavengi kukuru. Zvino vavandudzi vakaenda wemanomano: vakashandisawo dzemazororo uye kupikiswa dzimwe nhengo dzeParamende kushandisa Constitution mutsva May 3, 1791.

Vanhu Constitution of Commonwealth muna 1791, kunyange zvazvo asina chabvisa rusununguko kwamachinda, asi mvumo nokuti vanhuwo paupamhi democratic kodzero: kuvimbika pachake, kodzero kunyika muridzi, kodzero vamiririrwe Diet, uye vamwe.

The Constitution yaMay 3, 1791 anonzi yokutanga muEurope.

Bumbiro iri RSFSR rokutanga

Mutemo mutsva zvokuvhoterwa Soviet yokutanga inokosha akazviratidza muna 1818 uye yaiva muzvikamu zvitanhatu:

1. kodzero vashandi uye kushandiswa vanhu.
2. General mbuva.
3. Organization wegadziriro hurumende itsva.
4. Suffrage.
5. Budget Law.
6. Jasi kwezvombo uye mureza.

The Constitution of RSFSR wokutanga waiva muunganidzwa nomunhu hwakavigwa mumakamuri, rimwe nerimwe inodzora chiyero chayo. The simba mukuru raiva All-Russian Congress of vokuSoviet pamusoro Workers ', Masoja', Varimi 'uye Cossacks' navakuru. Sezvo kuungana Vamiririri zvose zvakaoma chaizvo, pakati congresses mabasa ayo anoteererwa Russian Central Election Committee (Central Executive Committee). munyori wake uye nhengo dzinosarudzwa panguva Congress.

Congress uye Central Executive Committee aiva paupamhi atenderwa pamusoro mudzimba uye vatorwa mutemo: kuitwa pakati chinoda itsva RSFSR, kusarudza kusada nyika, nomukadzi dzimwe nyika, kusanganisira kuzivisa hondo uye norugare, okusuma kwemitero itsva, uye vamwe.

Congress uye Central Executive Committee - a Paramende pamwe yakafara masimba, havakwanisi kupedza kuitika dambudziko pfupi. zviitiko izvi mubasa hurumende - Dare vanhu Commissars (SNK). SNK aiva nekodzero kuti ape mitemo, mirairo, mirayiridzo, zvakange kumhanya munyika inodiwa.

Kazhinji, mashoko RSFSR bumbiro zvachose aparadza hurumende yekare: kupinda udzvinyiriri pakati proletariat, kuzivisa kodzero vashandi uye vanhuwo zvavo kuti asunungure basa, vakasununguka dzidzo uye mishonga. The nyika wakasika munhu mugovanisi upfumi.