Nikolay Gerasimovich Kuznetsov - Admiral of Fleet. Russian keriya ndege "Admiral Kuznetsov"

Great vemauto Russian akasika kubwinya zvombo Russian panyika, mhepo uye gungwa. Peter wandaironga munyika kukura sezvo nepagungwa simba, kuisa shipyards vokutanga uye kukwezva dzimwe mainjiniya. mabasa ake zvakaita Russia kuhwina yakawanda kukunda guru pamusoro pegungwa. Ushakov, Nakhimov - ndiwo wengarava vehondo wokutanga, mazita anogona kudada nyika yedu. Mune USSR, mutsivi okukunda dzavo aiva Admiral Kuznetsov, upenyu hwake yave nechokuita wengarava mauto zvakabatanidzwa.

Biography

In maonero Nicholas Gerasimovitch Kuznetsova, chikepe utariri ruzivo hakuna kupiwa pakarepo, chinofanira kuwanikwa nokutevedzera nzira kuzvikepe. Ndizvo akatanga meteoric basa mukomana muduku kubva mumusha Medvedkov Astrakhan nharaunda. Future Admiral Kuznetsov yarova zvikepe mumakore 15, achiwedzera kuti ake nemakore maviri, akazvipira kuti Civil War. Muna 1919, akarwa somunhu wechikepe mungarava Northern Dvina flotilla. Ndapedza kubva Naval Academy uye gare gare Academy pamwe anokudza, Kuznetsov akatuma kushumira pamusoro Black Sea Fleet. The ngarawa "Red Ukraine" akava wechikepe chikoro kwaari, izvo zvakatangira pambiru mukuru achipfeka. Kubvira muna 1933, akava mukuru ngarawa, mukati mashanu akatevera dzebasa, ngarava inopembererwa sezvo muenzaniso kunodzidziswa zvechiuto, kuranga, kuita kupfura. The Navy akatanga kutaura nezvokusika Kuznetsova ezvinhu, razova nzira rokugadzirira Matare mauto ose fleets ose USSR. Muduku mukuru wokutanga chinzvimbo muna 1935 akanga paakavapa hurongwa Red Star. Munguva basa riri ngarawa Kuznetsov dzichiri nzira itsva pakuitisa wengarava kurwisa, anoziva kukosha mhepo ushori. In ake yokungotaura nharo inoti kubata vose mhando mauto vanofanira kupa migumisiro yakanaka pakuvhiya zvechiuto. Chinonyanya kukosha muupenyu hwake basa ndege. Mune ramangwana, dzidziso iyi haisi chete yasimbiswa, asiwo nokuda Kuznetsov, akatiponesa vakawanda vachiita rakakura kukunda Soviet Union pamusoro fronts Hondo Yenyika II.

Spain

Muna 1936, mabasa vakazvipira vezvikepe pakurwisa Fascism yakanga yakakodzera pakukurukura uye vachidzikisa rubatsiro richibva Soviet Union. Kuznetsov somunhu wengarava attaché muSpain, pamaitiro, ndiyo nechokwadi Kururama dzidziso yake. muvengi ndege ngarava anyudzwe nzira kuna zvengarava, zviito zvavo yekudyidzana omesa zvinoerera, izvo kunokanganisa kunyatsoshanda rechiuto chiito. Kuznetsov anosika idzva bazi - wengarava avhiyesheni, iyo inobva chengarava nzvimbo uye dzinga kudenha varwi muvengi. Nokuti basa iri akanga paakavapa ari Order "Red Banner" uye "Lenin". Kudzoka kubva kuSpain muna 1937, Kuznetsov anogadzwa kuva Mutevedzeri uye ipapo Chief of Pacific Fleet. Ushe mukuru, raakanga atora kubva kurwa Spain, ndiye kugara unoda chikepe nerimwe uye zvikepe yose.

pamberi hondo

Mumakore 30 USSR anotanga kuumba idzva, nezvikepe zvikuru simba, iyo rakaparadzwa pahondo 1904 Russian-Japanese. Future Admiral Kuznetsov muna 1937 chinosanganisirwa murayiro Chief of Military Council of Navy, izvo zvakasikwa nokuda Commissariat. At 34, akava gotwe vanhu commissar of Navy. In ayo pasi vachiri vaduku, kwete chaizvo ruzivo, asi vachitsvaka kaviri kubwinya Russian zvombo vakuru. Kuznetsov akaisa zvakananga Stalin, zvinova nyore kushanda. Mutungamiriri aienda kuvaka itsva zvikepe guru - battleships, sevatsvaki vemapuranga. Kuznetsov nekusiyana, vakasimbirira nokubudiswa nezvikepe makirasi siyana, kusanganisira vatakuri ndege. Akataura mutungamiriri kudiwa kuumba mumhenderekedzo yegungwa ndege, kuita kukurumidza kuongorora uye kuitira dzakachengeteka kufamba zvikepe. The rinokosha basa Kuznetsov kudzidziswa yevashandi vari vanoshingaira mauto aigara kwakashanda kurwisa ezvinhu, kuda chikepe nerimwe nokuda kurwiswa kushamisika. Munguva muzvikoro zvakawanda 1938 kusvika 1948 akazarurwa kuumba anokwanisa wengarava vatariri uye vengarava. Kuznetsov akashanyira mudziyo mumwe nomumwe, kuti akuteerere zvaidiwa muchikepe uye kuti chirango nemirau, kuongorora zviito zvikepe pachiitwa. By pakutanga hondo, pasinei nokusawirirana pamwe Stalin, commissar vaduku vanhu vakaita kuita zvakawanda pfungwa dzavo uye akasika mutsva hondo-akakodzera rengarava yeSoviet.

Great Patriotic War

TASS mushumo, vachiramba mukana mukurwisa German pamusoro Soviet Union, akatanga Kuznetsova chiito. Zvikepe zvikaputsika vakapakata mafuta reserves, vakabata yakazara uwandu mashoko zvikamu uye zvombo, vave akasimbisa nzvimbo uye ungwaru. Sezvo May 1941 vashandi ari wakarambidzwa pamhenderekedzo ngavabude, panguva iyoyo kwakawedzera politpodgotovka vanodzima. Kuvamba yevaNazi kurwisa rengarava vakasangana zvizere muhondo unoda, saka tichidzivisa kurasikirwa. Created isati hondo urongwa zviito unodzivirira zvinopindura pamusoro Kuznetsova kuti mirairo pasina zvakananga kupindira Mutungamiriri. Kudzivira pamusoro mumigodhi, zvinopindura Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, muvengi ndege vakaparadza nomusi nzira nenzvimbo Fleet. June 24 kuvhara ngozi akaonekwa nezvikepe kuBaltic Navy varayirwa akamedura Kuznetsova muna Kronstadt, vachisiya Tallinn. Naval atirari akabatsira zvikuru kudzivirira Leningrad wayo kusunungurwa kubva blockade. Vafambisi vakatora chikamu munyika kushandiswa, kubatsira kudzora yechiFascist armáda. Ndege yacho reBaltic rengarava muna August 1941 akaita muhombe parinouya kanoverengeka Berlin, havana kukuvadza chinokosha guru German, asi simudza morale revarwi edu. Kubvira 1944, varayirwa Mutungamiriri Kuznetsov Ng - Admiral of Fleet, zita iri paakavapa kokutanga uye semutongo yokukunda.

mugumisiro

Active vachirwa rengarava Soviet zvakakonzera guru nezvinhu nomuvengi. Fleet Admiral Ng Kuznetsov pachake dzakabudirira zvose kunopfuurira akavhiyiwa aifarirwa iyoyo Mutungamiriri, uchiita kugara nenzvimbo nevamwe maoko. Zvikepe, Ngarava dzepasi pemvura muhondo akaparadza 1,200 zviyero (chokufambisa, kuchengeteka) muvengi. Navy Aviation mu hondo pasi uye akaputsa vanopfuura 5,000 ndege German. Panguva iyoyowo, mauto ari Northern Fleet akaita kudzivirirwa uye kutakura nhumbi kubva sungano munyika. Mazana ezviuru zvevanhu vave vanobviswa panzira upenyu vakakomba Leningrad, matani anopfuura 10 nhumbi akapa kuziya guta. On minefields akaparadza anopfuura 200 ngarava muvengi. Fleet Admiral Kuznetsov akanga paakavapa murayiro "Ushakov" 1 dhigirii "Red Banner" uye "Lenin". Zvikepe anopfuura 70 akanga paakavapa musoro Guards, 513 vafambisi vakava Heroes Soviet Union. Sezvo mukuru Navy Admiral Soviet Union Kuznetsov vaiitawo dzakawanda Misangano, misangano uye akurukure mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany.

pashure pehondo,

The chikuru Chinangwa yorunyararo nezvikepe yakanga kupora. shipbuilding zvirongwa (kusanganisira vatakuri ndege) uye kuvandudzwa wengarava ehondo akanga akapa Stalin pachake commissar. Ng Kuznetsov, Admiral, akaita nomukurumbira muhondo, vakasimbirira zvirongwa zvavo uye zvinodiwa, izvo kazhinji asatenderwe maonero mutungamiri. Nokuda kusiyana izvi, uye kuzvidzora kururama muna 1948, Kuznetsov akanga demoted kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu Rear Admiral uye vakapotsa akagara pasi dhoku. Akapedza mwedzi mitanhatu pasina basa, akatambudzika chemwoyo, asi akakwanisa kutanga basa sezvo mutevedzeri mutungamiri Navy of East Far. Zvaiva imomo kuti akamuka rinotevera chinzvimbo Mutevedzeri-Admiral kechipiri. Muna 1951, musi pachavo hurongwa Stalin, akadzokera Moscow uye zvakazara rehabilitated. Inotevera Musoro Admiral Kuznetsov akagamuchira muna 1953, akanga achishingaira muzvirongwa basa uye kutsvaka shipbuilding chirongwa yokudzokorora.

katatu Admiral

The mberi njodzi Nikolaya Gerasimovicha chokuita kuti zvikepe yokutendeutsa uye ayo pedyo pamwe chete akakodzera masangano uye Academy of Sciences of USSR zvaiita kusika yenyukireya-dzinofambiswa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Iye akaisa zvikuru yokusimbisa ngarava vane zvombo. Ivo vakaiswa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye cheguta zvifambiso. Pfungwa pakusikwa vatakuri ndege uye haana kuwanikwa Kuziva kwayo kusvikira 1972, apo yakanga zvinosiyana kudiwa tichitarisa "hondo chando" pamwe United States. Kutsungirira Kuznetsova akabatsira zvinokurudzira kuti purogiramu mazuvaano pakati zvikepe, asi akatowedzera hukama dzaro raitonga vepamusoro. Under Khrushchev, kuti Admiral Kuznetsov akanga demoted zvakare. Kurwara kwake kwakaita kuti zvibvire kuti amubvise pambiru mukuru ari mukuru Navy, uye chokwadi kubva nyaya, iye chose zvose hwake. Asi zvibereko zvemabasa ake kwakaguma migumisiro - mutakuri ndege Admiral Kuznetsov yakavakwa. Retired Kuznetsov akanyora zvakawanda pamusoro Navy, shanduro vemamwe mabhuku uye dzinoongororwa Kukunda dzavo uye vakakurirwa. Akafa musi December 6, 1974, akavigwa Novodevichy Cemetery muMoscow. Rwechitatu raiva Admiral of Fleet Kuznetsov pashure porufu rwake, musoro yakadzoserwa 1988 pasi kufurirwa nevamwe vake uye mhuri Nikolaya Gerasimovicha.

Mutakuri ndege Admiral Kuznetsov

Muna 1982, mumatanda yeGungwa Black Shipyard wechishanu rinorema ngarawa akaisa pamusoro chirimwa. uriri ake akanga akagadzirirwa kuti musha, achiwana uye tora-kure pakati Su uye third ndege. Kubva nguva nedzokuisa chikepe kusvikira pakuguma mhando dzose nemiedzo, akanga mazita mana: "Riga", "Leonid Brezhnev", "Tbilisi". Uye chete muna 1990 chikepe kutakura zita "Soviet Union Fleet Admiral Kuznetsov". The chikepe kwakatangwa muna 1985, akaramba kumugumo chivako chacho buoyant, yokusimbisa uye kunorwa. Muna 1989, vashandi vemo akamira parutivi rwake, uye vatyairi vakatanga kuedza runways unhu. Su-25, Su-27, third 29 yakabudirira kukurira basa, uye ipapo hwakatamisirwa mubereko chikepe dhoku kuti kupera.

midziyo

Mutakuri ndege Admiral Kuznetsov, akanga pasi pazvinhu zvinoverengeka. radar, navigation, zvemagetsi zvombo dzayo dzinofanira kugara upgraded. The chikepe rakakura kudai uye neboka zvakaoma chaizvo kutendeutsa uye anodhura chaizvo kuramba vakamuka, asi zviri nhasi mubasa, basa anofanira rinoumbwa Northern Fleet. misha yaro (kunonyanyisa) ndiyo 61 m, urefu -. 306 m, upamhi -. 71 m. Urefu - 65 metres, kunonyanyisa gwaro -. 10 M Sokushandiswa screws propulsor pyatilopastnye mana kuti anopiwa mune Diesel-emagetsi kufamba (6), kuti chiutsi turbine (4) uye turbine emagetsi (9). Chombo ine zvombo "graniitti", "Dirk", "Dagger", Anti ndege pfuti AK-630, RBU ASW mabhomba. The avhiyesheni boka inokosha inosanganisira ndege mashanu helicopters.

budiriro

Pari, mutakuri ndege Admiral Kuznetsov, ndicho chikamu chikuru chikepe ichi mhando. analogues Its hadzina anogadzirwa vaizotibata Navy kuronga nokutungamirira ichi vari pakavanda. Asi utungamiriri ano Russian Navy anoziva chokwadi chokuti vanowanika N. G. Kuznetsovym makore 50 apfuura, kukura chirongwa richiri kushanda nhasi. Zvinogoneka kuti idzva vatakuri ndege, zviri zvikuru nokukurumidza shipyards ano achapiwa ngarira zvinodiwa ano. Izvi zvinoshanda vose zvombo uye chikepe injini. New wengarava midziyo pasi murayiro vaduku admirals richaakunda Nokuwanda kwakaita mugungwa, uye kuratidza nyika simba zvombo Russian, asi kukanganwa pamusoro vanhu vakanyora mapeji ebhuku iri rokutanga, hazvisi zvakakodzera.