Sechivako mapuraneti: paNyika chinoumba, jasi, kuti goko

Murwiyo yakadzika akaturikidzana Pasi anoramba kuva mumwe anonakidza zvikuru mibvunzo kwesayenzi yemazuva ano, asi pakutanga ramakumi remakore seismologist Bheno Gutenberg uye H. Jefferson kwakasimbiswa muenzaniso womukati nemamiriro nyika, maererano izvo Earth rinoumbwa zvinotevera akaturikidzana:

- chinoumba;
- gown;
- the goko.

The ano maonero ari munyika nemamiriro nyika

Pakati pezana remakore rapfuura tichishandisa yokupedzisira panguva zvizivikanwe nemichina data, masayendisiti vakasvika pakugumisa kuti mudzi mumuhara zvakawanda kunzwisisa zano. Panguva iyoyowo, seismologists vakawana kuti chinoumba Pasi rakakamurwa nechinzwano kwokunze, uye nguo rinoumbwa maviri akaturikidzana; kumusoro uye pasi.

Wepasi yokunze deko

goko The Wenyika - hakusi chete pamusoro, sendarama, asi ndiyewo zvakanaka kudzidza vose akaturikidzana ose pepasi. Ukobvu (simba) rinosvika yepamusoro pasi makomo (anenge 70 km) uye shoma - pasi pose gungwa mvura (5-10 km), avhareji simba pasi goko pasi mumapani anoda kubva 35 kusvika 40? Km. Kuchinja kubva pano goko kuti jasi anonzi muganhu Mohorovicha kana Moho.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti goko pamwechete yokumusoro chikamu jasi zvinoumba dombo pasi mumuhara - lithosphere ane ukobvu neeSultan kubva 50 kusvika 200 km.

Zvichitevera lithosphere ndiyo astenosphere - kupfaviswa mvura rukoko dzakakwirira viscosity. Kuwedzera kune izvozvo, ichi kunyanya chezvinonhuwira panyika anonzi kunobva kuputika basa, sezvo vari kupfumisa magma pakudurura kupinda goko uye pamusoro pemvura.

The sainzi tsika kusiyanisa mhando wandei pasi goko

The Continental kana Continental kunosvika mumiganhu Continental echiShinto uye chinosanganisira basalt, girenayiti geysovogo uye sedimentary akaturikidzana. Masikati girenayiti geysovogo rukoko basalt inonzi muganhu Conrad.

Ocean zvakare ine zvikamu zvitatu: rinorema basalt, basaltic paumbwe dhaka uye gobvu emadhaka uye paiva unconsolidated sedimentary namatombo.

Submaterikovaya kuhukura - a Transitional mhando, riri pamusoro arikunze ari womukati uye zviratidzo zvinoendesa kune makungwa, uyewo pasi chitsuwa arcs.

Sub-Oceanic goko zvakafanana mune chivako kuti munyanza ari kunyanya yakatanga zvakanaka munharaunda yakadzika chikamu gungwa uye rakadzika Oceanic kuhondo.

evaMedhia Geosphere

The jasi anenge 83% yose Vhoriyamu nyika, zviri geosphere, kumativi ose akapoteredza yomukati core. Uyewo yayo, rakakamurwa akaturikidzana zviviri: zvikukutu (crystalline) uye vanyoro (the magma).

Deep rukoko of Nyika

Vepasi paro ndiyo havaratidzi anozivikanwa rukoko Nyika. Mashoko akavimbika pamusoro pake kwazvo diki, nechivimbo chakazara tinogona kutaura kuti ayo dhayamita anenge 7000 makiromita. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti Zvinoumba pasi chinoumba kunosanganisira chiwanikwa kuti nickel nedare. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Nechepakati ane hukuru ukobvu nyika uye zvakachengetwa emura uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. mamiriro, ukuwo zvemukati - zvishoma muna ukobvu uye kusimba kusachinja-chinja. Kubva chinoumba paNyika jasi anotsaura anonzi muganhu Gutenberg.