Kutaridzwa dzinongoitika uye magariro zvinhu kwevanhu kwezvakatipoteredza

Man mupenyu uye anova pasi pokudzora dzinongoitika uye magariro evanhu. Ekupedzisira anobva yake basa: mumuviri, mupfungwa, zvishande. Yokusiyana kuvapo kwevanhu riri achinyanya pakuti zvinhu zvakasikwa uye munzanga ezvinhu womunhu zvinoumba zvawo dzidziso kwemarudzi Homo sapiens.

Common midzi

hazvingaiti kuti chido panguva mukuru dzevanhu kure hwake mhuka hunhu. Zviri zvakawanda muviri wedu uye ayo mashandiro, izvozvo anotiyeuchidza ukama mhuka.

Izvi zvinoshandawo zvikurukuru mukuru zano anatomical womunhu, dzinova morphological uye vasiri maitiro nokukanganisika siyana mumasero, nyama uye nhengo dzomuviri. Kuziva zvinhu zvakasikwa uye magariro zvakatipoteredza, correlatively chokuita mumwe, uye izvi zvichatibatsira kuti kufunga zvinorehwa neimwe mune nedanho anthropogenesis. Iva nechokwadi kuti kufungawo chokwadi chokuti munhu wacho kazhinji aionekwa kunzwisisa, wakashama, kuzvicheka-pakuronga, kuzvicheka-replicating uye anodzosa biosystem. Next, isu anoramba kudzidza mhando dzinongoitika zvinofurira pamusoro womunhu.

abiotic zvinhu

Nyorawo zvinhu zvakadai mwando, chiedza, tembiricha, background nemwaranzi. Ivo zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga kufurira zvose pamusoro munhu uye pamusoro kwevanhu vose. Natural Zvinhu zvinonzi zvakatipoteredza. Kuwanda kwavo Migumisiro kungava zvachose kana kusarudza kunyange yakareba kukura biosphere rose. simba ichi chakakomba, gasi anoumba chadenga, munyu zviri yomugungwa, etc ..

Mhando kwezvakatipoteredza ekushandiswa

Kuchinja abiotic ezvinhu anogona kukamurwa zvinotevera mapoka: non-Periodic (kudengenyeka, kuputika kwemakomo), nguva nenguva (shanduko mwaka, making zvinogara), uyewo nzvimbo kwenguva refu.

Izvi zvinosanganisira Kudziya paNyika yose. Vose vagere panyika, uye murume kunyanya kuchinja zvakawanda kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu, kushandisa nzira dzose neuro-humoral mutemo muviri. All chokwadi ataurwa pamusoro anotitungamirira zvinotevera mhedziso: kutaridzwa zvinhu zvakasikwa uye magariro zvakatipoteredza, izvo pachena kuti muviri, uye chete ipapo vachakwanisa kufanoona chii adaptive kuchinja kuitika vaviri panguva wacho uye nzanga yose zvayo.

Uyezve, isu tose tiri pasi pokudzora mitemo yose zvakatipoteredza, akadai: Mutemo optimum kwadzakabva pamusoro mitemo hama rusununguko. Uyezve, vakapiwa biosocial vanhu, zviri pachena kuti hombe simba paari anthropogenes mapatani, zvimwe social zvinhu. Kufunga zvepanyama nhoroondo uye sayenzi munzanga, zvirokwazvo kupinda dzinongoitika uye munzanga zvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Biology ari kufunga zvinhu zvakadai kudzidza biosphere, anthropogenesis mitemo, mitemo zvezvakatipoteredza.

zvipenyu sezvo dzakananga ezvinhu hwekurarama

Biotic ezvinhu zvinosanganisira-siyana yakawiriranwa simba zvipenyu pane mumwe. Izvi zvingava zvinomera, mhuka, utachiona nevanhu, kudyidzana nevanhu yevanhu mumwe. tanga Funga muenzaniso ukama chimiro symbiotic utachiona anowanzoita vanogara muviri womunhu. sezvamunoita kwavo kunobva nzvimbo nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzomuviri, uye pamusoro bonde, zera uye mamiriro hutano hwehama. Saka, muna chipo nemumuromo streptococci, pneumococci, E. coli. Munguva duku ura pamusoro mhenyu mbiriso, enterococci. The microflora huru ura inoita basa rinokosha mune dzinotsanagura Absorção de Água uye kunopindirana muviri. Heano bifidobacteria uye lactobacilli, vari synthesized mavhitaminzi, izvo kuvandudza kugaya.

Long-rokuti shanduka womunhu, akanga ari pedyo nevanhu nemiti uye fauna of zvakakonzera chidzoke ezvinhu anorimwa zvirimwa uye dzemarudzi nezvipfuwo. Kana iwe kutarisana basa: "Kuziva zvinhu zvakasikwa uye munzanga ezvinhu womunhu", zvakakodzera kufungawo kukanganisa anthropogeny kwete chete sayenzi munzanga asiwo avo zvipenyu, sezvo bhotani, zvemhuka, bacteriology.

mabasa Human uye biosphere

Zvinosuruvarisa vanhu vachiri havana vakaziva kuti avo kuvapo uye upenyu pachahwo kunoenderana mamiriro kwakaitwa nyika uye pezvawakaita. Nhoroondo yedu akazara zvinhu yokudeura pakaparadzwa munhu zvose dzinoitwa nayo. Asi kwaibatsira mabasa evanhu panyika yakatipoteredza chete shoma. Vanhu vane enviable kutsungirira anoramba "kuchinja zvakasikwa." Zviito zvakadaro makadanirwa "nevanhu zvezvakatipoteredza zvinhu." Its inokanganisa zvingaderedzwa kana tiri kutungamirirwa nezviito zvavo "hana kwezvakatipoteredza" (kuratidzwa the American musayendisiti A. Leopold). Kana ukakumbirwa mubvunzo pamusoro ichi, tapota kuratidza zvinhu zvakasikwa uye magariro zvakatipoteredza, izvo rinonyatsooneka kuti kushanduka kwevanhu, kutsanangura nzvimbo mauri uye basa mananara akadai urbanization uye kwevanhu kuputika.

Kuwedzera kwevanhu munyika

Zviri nechiidzo, zvinoshamisa kukanganisa mamiriro biosphere, uye rinoreva boka zvinoshandiswa kusarudza pachiyero evanhu kwezvakatipoteredza vanhu. Mumakore 50 apfuura hwevanhu nyika yakawedzera 2 nguva uye zvino vanhu vanenge mabhiriyoni 7,3.

Fani iyi inonzi kwevanhu kuputika. Vazhinji aripo matambudziko - ichipa zviwanikwa zvokudya munzanga yevanhu. Kudzidza Demographics (sayenzi mitemo kubereka chavagari uye mamiriro ezvinhu apo zviri), yakavimbika anoratidza dzinongoitika uye munzanga zvakatipoteredza zvinhu.

Sei Demographics uye chii mabasa rinoisa pacharo? Kuvamba parinowanika anogona kunzi pakati pezana remakore rechi19, apo paiva kuferefeta pakati Giyyara. mabasa ayo huru dziri kuonekwa kuronga uye richiona kwevanhu pfuma, uyewo kwevanhu policies (wembereko fungidziro uye vanofa kuroorana uye kubereka zvarwo population).

urbanization

Population kukura uye mumaindasitiri kukura kunge nemasiraidhi akapendwa pamwe kwaita kumaguta makuru. Maguta orudzi kunyika dzakasiyana kurarama kubva 45 kusvika 47% of zvachose kwevanhu. Microenvironment vakavapoteredza zvikuru sei kubudikidza ratyama basa nevanhu: kuunganidza zviuru zvizhinji ematani marara uye mvura kusvibiswa kubva tsvina. Inenge vakaparadza dzinongoitika zvinhu zvipenyu kuti vakombe maguta makuru. Ivhu, mvura uye mhepo vari kwakasvibiswa chepfu nemaindasitiri. Zvose izvi ndizvo zvakananga upenyu hwevanhu.

Sei kudzidza mitemo munzanga

Muzivi wokuFrance Auguste Comte yaratidza kuti munhu nemagariro zvakatipoteredza ndiro chinhu dzokudzidza uyewo zvisikwa. Anogara maererano mimwe mitemo, izvo achiumbwa nedanho pakukurukurirana uye kudyidzana pakati vanhu kubasa, upenyu uye tsika. Mitemo iyi kudzidza evanhu. Kuziva zvinhu zvakasikwa uye magariro ezvinhu - uye kushandisa nzira Sociological tsvakurudzo, uchakwanisa kuongorora kunzvimbo dzose muupenyu: zvematongerwo enyika, zvoupfumi, utariri, dzidzo. Zvidzidzo Sociological funga vanhu, kunobva zvinodiwa nenhengo dzaro, funga kugadzwa, zvido uye zvaanokoshesa womunhu munhu.

Kuti muchidimbu, kuti aidzidza yenyaya. Mumwe aigona nharo kuti kana ukakumbirwa: "Kuziva zvinhu zvakasikwa uye magariro ezvinhu," mhinduro pfupi vanofanira kuverenga sezvinotevera: "Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira abiotic (nezvakatipoteredza) uye biotic zvinhu. Vanoita kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu munhu wechipiri boka rinosanganisira nzwisisika maitiro upenyu. vanhu, akadana magariro kwezvakatipoteredza. "