Nemapoka - nemapoka ndiyo ... nhoroondo. Sezvo Vakaronda mammoths?

Nemapoka - a chakavanzika nokuda anopfuura mazana maviri nemakore besets kuziva nevatsvakurudzi. Ndezvipi zvinhu mhuka prehistoric, vose vapenyu uye yakatotsakatika nei? mibvunzo yose iyi vachiri vasina chaiwo mhinduro. Mamwe masayendisiti mhosva yavo vakawanda rufu nenzara, wechipiri - aizi zera, wechitatu - the vavhimi kare anoparadza nemombe isingadyiwi, matehwe uye tusks. The yepamutemo shanduro haadaro.

Ndivanaani mammoths

Nemapoka Ancient iri mhuka kungova mhuri nzou. Huru marudzi vane saizi akafanana parameters dzepedyo dzavo - nzou. uremu hwavo Kazhinji asingadi kupfuudza 900 makirogiramu, kukura hakuiti zvinopfuura 2 mamita. Zvisinei, paiva zvakawanda "vanoremekedzwa" marudzi, ane uremu akazosvika matani 13, urefu - 6 mamita.

Kubva nzou mammoths zvakasiyana bulkier mutumbi, makumbo pfupi uye bvudzi refu. A maitiro chinhu - huru curved tusks, izvo zvaishandiswa nemhuka prehistoric kuchera kubva pasi ungwandangwanda yechando zvokudya. Vaivawo molars huru nhamba dentinoemalevyh matete kuti zvaishandiswa processing fibrous roughage.

chitarisiko

skeletal mamiriro, rine nemapoka yekare, afanane nemamiriro Indian nzou, anogara dzakawanda nhasi. Of mubereko mukuru vari hofori tusks urefu chingava kusvika 4 metres, uremu - kusvika makirogiramu 100. Vakanga iri chokumusoro shaya, kukura mberi uye Akakunga kumusoro, "kutyaira kumativi" kumativi.

Muswe nenzeve, zvakasimba rikazvisundira kuti dehenya, riri mupfupi, ruvara chipo kururamisa vhudzi dema, vakamira panze seri ano. hunde Large ane zvishoma kutura shure kwakavakirwa akatsiga tsoka-nematanda. Makumbo akanga vanenge hornlike (chaizvo gobvu) soleplate rinosvika munhu dhayamita 50 cm.

Shinda chiedza zvisvundu kana yellowish mashava tinge, muswe, makumbo uye rikaoma akashongedzwa mavara matema zvinooneka. Fur "siketi" runoyerera pasi kumativi, richisvika anenge pasi. "Mbatya" prehistoric mhuka aiva noushamwari chaizvo.

musinga

Nemapoka - mhuka ane musinga akanga akasiyana kwete chete simba mukuru, asi yakasiyana-siyana. Mapfupa akavata pasi penyika zviuru akawanda apfuura mineralization. Ivo kuzonzi siyana noruvara - kubva chena kuti pepuru. Achiipa kuti kwakaitika somugumisiro yezvakaita, anowedzera kukosha musinga.

The tusks yemhuka prehistoric vaisanyanya vakakwana sezvo nzou pfuti. Ndivo nyore muchikuya, akapa vane makatsemuka pachavo. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti mammoths nokubatsirwa wavo mined pachake chikafu - manyoro, kuhukura. Dzimwe nguva mhuka musinga 4 yakaumbwa, yechipiri peya choupfu basa, kazhinji fused pamwe core.

mavara Unique kuti nemapoka tusks zviri kudiwa kweShanduro mumabhokisi muumbozha, mabhokisi yemumhino, Chess rinovira. Ivo anoshandiswa paaisika chipo Zvidhori, Vakadzi 'kwezvishongo, zvombo zvinodhura. Chakagadzirwa kubereka zvinokosha mavara hazvibviri, uye izvi chokuita kwemitengo chezvinhu zvakasikwa pachishandiswa nemapoka tusks. Izvi, chokwadi, kwete Kunyepa.

mevhiki mammoths

Makore 60 - avhareji youpenyu hunotarisira rwehofori kuti rinogarwa nyika zviuru zvemakore zvakapfuura. Nemapoka - a herbivorous mhuka zvokudya iye dzaiwanzova herbaceous zvinomera, Woody mabukira, zviduku nemiti, Moss. zvazvingava Daily - vanenge 250 makirogiramu zvinomera, kumanikidza mhuka kupedza zvokudya maawa anenge 18 pazuva, dzose kushandura dislocation kunotsvaka mafuro manyoro.

Vaongorori vanodavira kuti mammoths vaiita aifarira kuva nevamwe mararamiro, mapoka mapoka maduku. Standard boka yaiva nenhengo 9-10 vakura kwemarudzi, kwaivawo vaduku. Kazhinji, basa mutungamiriri makwai mumaoko mukuru mukadzi.

By makore 10 mhuka yakasvika kurara pakunamata. Vanhurume yakura panguva iyoyo akasiya rwaamai remombe, kutamira kune imwe chete kuvapo.

dzinogarisana

Kutsvakurudza Modern wakawana kuti mammoths akazviratidza Pasi anenge mamiriyoni 4.8 apfuura, akanyangarika chete anenge 4 zviuru apfuura, kwete 9-10, sepakutanga vaifungidzira. mhuka idzi vaigara munyika North America, Europe, Africa uye Asia. Mapfupa simba nezvikara, vanodhirowa uye zvivezwa, kuratidza pavo, kazhinji pana nzvimbo vekare vaigara pakati Stone Age.

Mammoths muRussia vakanga akaparadzirwa kuwanda, kunyanya dzinonakidza Zvakawanikwa vakakurumbira kweSiberia. Huge "kumakuva" mhuka idzi dzakanga dziri New Siberian Islands. In Khanty-Mansiysk kunyange shongwe nokukudzwa kwavo. Sezvineiwo, panzvimbo dzapasi kunosvika of Lena River kokutanga (pamutemo) dzasara nemapoka zvakawanikwa.

Mammoths muRussia, kana pane avo mapfupa inowanika saka kure.

The zvinokonzera kutsakatika

Kusvikira zvino, nhoroondo mammoths ane maburi makuru. Zvikurukuru, nezvezvitadzo zvikonzero kutsakatika kwavo. Isa mberi dzakasiyana-siyana shanduro. Original pfungwa kunoburitsa Zhan Batist Lamark. Maererano masayendisiti, Mhedziso kutsakatika ane rudzi hazvibviri, iye chete chobva mumwe. Zvisinei, mukuru mukuru vazukuru mammoths vasiri parizvino kuzivikanwa.

Zhorzh Kyuve haana kubvumirana bhururu wangu, vachipomera nzufu nemapoka mafashamo (kana zvimwe yose Ngwavaira kwakaitika munguva kunyangarika vanhu). Anotaura kuti Earth iri kazhinji atarisana pfupi njodzi, zvachose exterminates imwe mhando.

Brocchi, Mazvikokota yainotaura wokuItaly anoti imwe nguva yokuvapo akasunungura ose mupenyu panyika. Kunyangarika kwemarudzi yose musayendisiti chinoenzana kuchembera uye rufu rwomuviri, saka, hwake maonero, uye dzakaguma risingazivikanwi nhoroondo mammoths.

The rinofarirwa kupfuura dzidziso ane vatsigiri vakawanda vezvesayenzi - okunze. About 15-10 zviuru apfuura chokuita utsotso ari rechando rwokumusoro achinaya mvura nzvimbo akava doro, akazadzwa nechokumaodzanyemba mupaini masango. Herbs kuti kare vakaumba mujinga zvokudya zvemhuka, vave kutsiviwa chikwindi uye manyoro, izvo, maererano masayendisiti, kwakaita kuti kutsakatika kwavo.

vavhimi yekare

Sezvo inovhimwa mammoths vanhu vokutanga - haina chaiyo kutsunga asi. Kuti muvhimi nguva idzodzo rinowanzoshandiswa mhosva kuparadzwa mhuka huru. In nyasha shanduro chigadzirwa vanoti, akasikwa kubva tusks namatebwe, izvo zviri kuramba kuwanikwa panguva yokupakira panzvimbo Vagari vekare.

Zvisinei, ongororo zuva redu kuti kubvuma uku kuwedzera nemibvunzo. Maererano mamwe masayendisiti, vanhu chete akapedza kubvisa simba uye vachirwara nhengo mhando, kwete kutungamirira kunovhima utano. Bogdanov, musiki mabasa "Mazano akarasika yebudiriro", anotungamirira munhu anonzwisisa nharo nokuti hazvibviri kunovhima mammoths. Iye anotenda kuti zvombo zvine vekare vaigara Earth, kuurura ganda mhuka idzi hazvitomboiti.

Chimwe nharo simba - stringy yakaoma nyama, paive yakakodzera zvokudya.

hama dzepedyo

Elefasprimigenius - raiva zita mammoths muchiLatin. Zita rinoratidza zvavo ukama hwepedyo nzou, sezvo shanduro unorira "nzou dangwe." Kunyange akaratidza pfungwa yokuti nemapoka - ndiye tateguru nzou ano, vari mugumisiro shanduka kuchinjira kumamiriro noushamwari ekunze.

Kudzidza masayendisiti German, uyo akaenzanisa muDNA mammoths uye nzou, anoti Indian nzou uye nemapoka muri matavi mbiri dzinza riri kubva African nzou kunge kumwe makore mamiriyoni matanhatu. The tateguru mhuka iyi, sezvo zvakaratidzwa nevanhu achangobva kupfuura, akararama panyika anenge mamiriyoni 7 apfuura, zvichiita shanduro anekodzero kuvapo.

kosha zvinhu

"Last nemapoka" - musoro rinogona kupiwa mhuru Dima, mwedzi mitanhatu-nemapoka, ane mapfupa vaakawana kushanda muna 1977 reMagadhani. About 40 zviuru apfuura, mwana akawa kubudikidza chando kuti akaita pakuomesa zvitunha ake. Izvi nokure zvakanakisisa akachengetedzwa chiratidzazvizhinji kuti kuzivikanwa nevanhu. Dima akava mashoko anokosha kune mubasa mukudzidza nokutsakatika kwemarudzi.

Zvakafanana anozivikanwa nemapoka Adams, waiva wokutanga marangwanda rakakwana, yakaratidzwa kune veruzhinji. Zvino shure muna 1808, sezvo bhuku iri ari Museum of Academy of Sciences. Nakhodka vaiva Osip Shumahovu muvhimi vaigara vakaunganidza mapfupa nemapoka.

Berezovsky nemapoka ane zvakafanana nyaya, aivawo muvhimi akawana tusks pamahombekombe rimwe nzizi kweSiberia. Terms of Kucherwa pakati mapfupa akanga haisiri zvakanaka, ari dzokubudisa yakaitwa muzvikamu. akachengetedzwa mapfupa nemapoka vava hwaro yakakura marangwanda, zvinyoronyoro munyama - chinangwa pakudzidza. Rufu vakabata mhuka mumakore 55.

Matilda, nesheche prehistoric rudzi, uye vakawana vadzidzi vose. Chiitiko yakaitika muna 1939, mapfupa vaakawana pamahombekombe erwizi Oesh.

rumutsiriro zvinobvira

Vatsvakurudzi Modern hachimboregi mubereko ndizvo mhuka prehistoric akafanana mammoths. The kukosha prehistoric zvakawanikwa nesayenzi chinhu kupfuura, sezvo zvaimuita kuedza zvose parumuko kwayo. Saka kure, unoedza clone yakatotsakatika marudzi haana kupa zvaioneka nemigumisiro. Izvi kunobva kushaya runodiwa kunaka zvinhu. Zvisinei, tsvakurudzo munzvimbo iyi uye musafunga kure. Pari, masayendisiti vanovimba hadzi mapfupa yakawanikwa ichangopfuura. An Somuenzaniso kunokosha nokuti akaramba mvura ropa.

Pasinei kukundikana cloning, ichiidzwa kuti mufananidzo yekare vagere panyika akadzorerwa zvakarurama uyewo tsika yake. Mammoths vanotarira chaizvo sezvo vari kuratidzwa pamapeji ose mabhuku. The dzinonakidza kupfuura Kuwanika - pedyo mutsigiro ari kuona kwemarudzi pachedu nguva yedu, zvikuru kusimba raro marangwanda.