Mabviro negasi, ayo reserves uye kugadzirwa. Negasi minda muRussia uye kunze

Unonyanya purofiti, zvakatipoteredza noushamwari uye chinokosha huni nhasi - ndiye negasi. Chii zvinhu ichi? Kunobvepi rinobva matangiro rwokuzvarwa gasi uye chii vari zvachiri? Zvakakosha kuziva, uye kudiwa, nokuti sei refu Zvakwana mbishi zvinhu izvi - pose nyaya yokuti nyika yose munyika. About nyaya idzi uye munyaya ino.

Negasi: Kazhinji rondedzero murwiyo

Maererano remubatanidzwa vanowanzoshandisa kemisitiri anoratidza methane ane nzira CH _4. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose. Pashure pezvose, negasi - chicherwa zvibereko pasi redu. Uye harigoni kunyatsova yakaisvonaka. Izvi musanganiswa inopisa ine muzvizhinji kuti gaseous zvigadzirwa. Pakati pavo tinogona zvakajeka kuziva Organic uye inorganic zvinoriumba.

Pakati aimbova vakaderera samolecular uremu magasi akadai:

• methane;
• butane;
• propane.

Ekupedzisira zvinosanganisira zvokudya zvakasiyana siyana:

• rehydrogen sulfide netsvina;
• rehydrogen;
• nehelium;
• senitrogen;
• carbon dioxide.

Naizvozvo, zvivako zviri pfuma hazvigoni pakutsvaga chikuru chimwe chete ari Kuronga alkane. Vari zvikuru kukanganiswa uye netsvina. Zvisinei, kwakabva negasi vanhu kushanda naye zvinozivikanwa. Naizvozvo, chipiriso nzira kwenguva refu nguva kare dzakabudirira uye muhombodo paupamhi kushandiswa.

mumuviri ehupfumi

Kutsanangura ehupfumi ari mukomboni, haafaniri yakawanda pfungwa.

1. The arambe achirema dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana mamiriro aggregation, sezvo chigadzirwa kufurirwa kuwedzera kugona kuti liquefied.
2. At 6500 ⁰ C vaikwanisa vaingoerekana combustion, naizvozvo putika fuma.
3. In musanganiswa pamwe mhepo dzimwe zvikuru anewo putika hunhu.
4. Naizvozvo Inenge hafu uremu mhepo anokwanisa kutiza muimba mhepo.

Panewo chinokosha, kuburikidza icho negasi Munda vakwanise zvikuru pane angava. Anokwanisa kuva yakasimba mamiriro muviri sechikamu pasi goko. Details achaita nezvazvo pashure.

Nzira yokuva kana kwakabva negasi

Unogona kunan'anura zvishomanana zvokusarudza, umo paumbwe uye kuunganidza pfuma iri mubvunzo.

1. Muitiro manyowa yokurarama zvinhu pamusana kuguma upenyu hwavo. Izvi runoratidzwa kuburikidza biogenic dzidziso. nzira iyi iri zviuru uye mamiriyoni emakore, asi somugumisiro zvakatungamirira kuunganidza yakawanda negasi panyika.
2. Nezvekugadzirwa hydrate zvivako, zvinganaka kusimbiswa muvhu. Izvi zvakaitwa zvinogoneka chete kuburikidza kusarudzwa zvimwe parameters thermodynamic. Zvisinei, muzana remakore XX zvave vakaratidza kuti vakadaro gasi deposits dziripo uye kuwanda kwavo inongova zvinoshamisa wayo akamboona. Kunyange permafrost anoramba ayo pakadzika pasi negasi muna yakasimba mamiriro.
3. Kwakabva negasi kubva muchadenga somugumisiro zvinoverengeka chaiwo siyana. Zvino zvakaratidza kuti zvinenge zvose mapuraneti Gadziriro yedu akaumbwa negasi ichi.

Hazvinei nzira nayo ingangoumbwa, asi chimwe chinhu chinoramba kuzochinja: kwakachengetwa ayo makuru, asi exhaustible.

Major nyika deposits

reserves nyika negasi vanofungidzirwa pana 200,363 tcm ^3. Ndiwo mashoko kuti nguva kusvika 2013. Chokwadi, nhamba iri zvinoorora UKURU. Asi usakanganwa pamusoro mari yake, idzo nemalochislenny. Annual kugadzirwa anenge 3,646 tiririyoni mamita ³ iyi yakasiyana dzinongoitika zvinhu munyika.

minda Major negasi munyika dziri mu zvinotevera nyika:

• Russia;
• Iran;
• Qatar;
• Turkmenistan;
• US;
• Saudi Arabia;
• United Arab Emirates;
• Venezuela nevamwe.

Pane anozivikanwa chete munyika kupfuura umo zvinokwanisika dzokubvisa zvicherwa. Kazhinji, nzvimbo uko chigadzirwa ichi chichiitwa munyika 101.

Kana uchiti uri kusango deposits, remasangano izvo zvinotevera:

• Hassi R'Mel gasi munda (Algeria);
• Shah Deniz (Azerbaijan);
• YeGroningen (The Netherlands);
• Dhirubhay (India);
• North / South Ndima (Iran uye Kuwait, ukuwo);
• Urengoy (Russia);
• Galkynysh (Turkmenistan).

Haisi guru, uye hofori uye supergiant nenzvimbo dzichiitika dzakawanda zvose pano negasi.

gasi minda Natural muRussia

Kana isu kutaura nyika yedu, inogona kunzi anenge 14 manyuko ichi nemamwe mashoko. The Kudeuka ndiwo:

• Urengoy;
• Leningrad;
• Yamburg;
• basa rokutarisira zvipfuwo;
• Bovanenkovo;
• Zapolyarnoe.

Sere zvakawanda hatina reserves mikuru yakadai, asi zvikuru kuti zvakanaka nyika yedu. Kazhinji, negasi minda zvokuRussia ndivo kupfuura vakawanda zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika. manyuko Saka vazhinji, zvose kwedu munharaunda, kwete kuwanikwa kumwe.

gasi reserves munyika nezvakafanotaurwa

Kubva apa nyaya nhamba kuti gasi kugadzirwa uye kuparadzwa, uyewo uwandu reserves zvayo, zviri pachena kuti nokukosha nguva kushandisa zvinyorwa zvose zvichava anenge 55 nemakore! Zviri dikisa, saka ikozvino kushanda riri kuitwa munzvimbo iyi.

Zvakafanana nyanzvi dzinofungidzira panyaya mafuta. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti unorema yakatsvuka zvinhu inoramba yakavanda kubva mukurima chomunhu permafrost uye nechepasi nyanza muchimiro gasi hydrate reservoirs. Kana vaongorori angapedza dambudziko marara uye kutanga huku, ipapo gasi uye mafuta matambudziko zvichapedzwa kwemakore akawanda kuuya.

Asi zvakadaro kure ichingova chete kurota uye tariro uye kutenda inopenya mupfungwa uye chiratidzo kuvanhu vakadzidza yedu nyika.

kuchera nzira

Negasi Kugadzirwa rinoitwa maererano yemaitiro uye nzira. The ndechokuti ayo udzamu anogona kusvika makiromita anoverengeka. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, vanoda zvikuru yakagadzirwa uye mutsva chirongwa, munhu ano uye simba michina.

Nzira inoshandiswa kunobva kutanga kumanikidza musiyano pakati gasi gungwa uye dzokunze mumhepo mhepo. Somugumisiro kushandisa chigadzirwa iri pumped patsime iri situ, uye dura yakazara mvura.

Wells vari akachera pasi imwe nzira, akafanana pamanera. Izvi imhaka yokuti:

• Izvi anoponesa nzvimbo uye anochengeta kuvimbika zvinhu panguva kugadzirwa, sezvo tsvina gasi (rehydrogen sulfide Somuenzaniso) zvinokuvadza zvikuru midziyo;
• Izvi zvinobvumira kuti ugovere kufurirwa zvikuru zvakaenzana rukoko;
• iyi nzira unogona kupinda kuti kudzika 12 km, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kudzidza lithospheric nemamiriro Wepasi menyika.

Somugumisiro, negasi kugadzirwa ari vaibudirira, nyore uye zvakanaka akarongeka. Kana chigadzirwa yabviswa kuti rwunotumirwa kuenda. Kana fekitari makemikari, uye ikoko ndiko vakachenesa uye akagadzirira kuti zvishandiswezve mumaindasitiri siyana.

Zvikurukuru nokuti zvinangwa mhuri haafaniri chete kuchenesa chigadzirwa, asi kuwedzera odorants - chaiwo yeimwe kupa unopinza zvakanaka. Izvi zvinoitwa nokuda kuchengeteka zvinangwa kana idonhe mumba.

gasi kutakura

Kamwe kuumbwa negasi, yakanga vakaungana uye kugadzirirwa chokufambisa. Voitakura kunze nenzira dzakasiyana.

1. The Mapaipi. Zvisinei, vakawanda nzira, unonyanya ngozi. Muchiitiko chino, chinoita kuti gasi chigadzirwa kuti achigarira maoko uye kuputika. Saka, nenzira chete Zvinotevera compressor pfungwa, chinangwa chiri kuramba kufurirwa kuti hwandaiva chigadzirwa kukwidziridzwa.
2. Kushandiswa LNG - anokosha kwematangi anokwanisa rokutakura liquefied zvinhu. Nzira iyi ndiyo yakachengeteka, nokuti mvura gasi haisi putika uye asingakwanisi kuzvidzora kuvesa.
3. Dzidzisai uchishandisa tangi-ngoro.

Mapiro gasi iri zvifambiswe kunoenderana chinhambwe pfungwa yokusvika uye uwandu chigadzirwa.

The Environmental chinotaurwa

Kubva nemaonero rwokuzvarwa chinoumba ndikasazovapo wakachena zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mafuta pane negasi. Namarudzi combustion zvigadzirwa - mvura uye carbon dioxide. No choutsi pasina nokuumba asidhi mvura.

Zvisinei, muchiitiko ichi, pachine chinetso - ari "girinihausi kwepasi." It is kuunganidza carbon dioxide inobvisa mumhepo, iyo chinokurwadzai munyika kuchinja kwazara. On ichi nyaya uye basa masayendisiti munyika yose, kubva yokupedzisira iye tinyanye kukamura uchishandisa uye akakodzera.

Kunyange zvakadaro, chero gasi uye mafuta - ndivo mukuru Tourism, kuti vanoshumira murume ave mafuta.