Nhoroondo Pythagorean theorem no. The umboo

Nhoroondo Pythagorean theorem no ane wandei zvemakore. The vanoti achitaura kuti mativi ose hypotenuse akaenzana vakaverenga dzinoungana vanhu makumbo, zvazikamwa refu asati aberekwa yemasvomhu. Zvisinei, mashoko Pythagorean theorem no, nhoroondo yokusika uye uchapupu kumiganho yazvo nokuda vazhinji zvakaita masayendisiti izvi. Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, chikonzero ichi chaiva uchapupu theorem no, yakanga dzinofambiswa kubudikidza Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras rokutanga. Zvisinei, vamwe vatsvakurudzi ndeyenhema chokwadi ichi.

Music uye pfungwa

Tisati kukuudzai sei nyaya kumhuka Pythagorean theorem no, zvishoma Biography kuti yemasvomhu. Iye akagara VI remakore BC. Musi nokuberekwa Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras 570 BC. e, nzvimbo -. chitsuwa Samosi. On musayendisiti upenyu inozivikanwa zvishoma. mashoko oupenyu muchiGiriki zvinyorwa zviri dzakarukwa pachena senhema. On mumapeji akadhindwa ikaramba iri somuzivi guru, murayiro mukuru mashoko uye kugona kunyengetedza. Zviya, ndokusaka yemasvomhu Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras akadanidzira, kuti ndiye "kutaura kwokunyengetedza". Maererano neimwe shanduro, kuzvarwa somuzivi ramangwana vakafanotaura Oracle. Baba vake rukudzo akadana mukomana kubudikidza Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras.

Somuzivi akadzidza pfungwa huru nguva. Pakati vadzidzisi muduku Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras uye Pherecydes kuonekwa Germodamant Sirossky. Wokutanga vakaroverera maari rudo music, wechipiri akadzidzisa uzivi. Vaviri sayenzi izvi richaramba ainyanya musayendisiti muupenyu hwake.

Education in-gore 30-refu

Maererano neimwe shanduro, ari kuongorora majaya, Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras akasiya yechizvarigo yake. Akaenda kutsvaka ruzivo muIjipiti, kwaaigara, maererano zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kubvira 11 kusvika 22 makore, uye ipapo akabatwa musungwa uye vatumwa Bhabhironi. Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras akakwanisa kubatsirwa nourongwa ayo. Kwemakore 12, akadzidza masvomhu, geometry, uye mashiripiti yekare mamiriro. Samosi Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras haana kudzokera kusvikira makore 56 okuberekwa. Pano, apo mitemo mudzvinyiriri Polycrates. Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras kugona kugamuchira nevezvematongerwo enyika wakadaro, uye nokukurumidza akaenda kumaodzanyemba kweItaly, kwaakanga akaiswa Greek muhutongi Croton.

Nhasi haugoni kuti chokwadi kana Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras aiva muIjipiti uye muBhabhironi. Zvichida akabva Samosi uye gare gare akapinda pakarepo muna Croton.

Pythagoreans

Nhoroondo Pythagorean theorem no chokuita kukura vakasikwa muzivi wechiGiriki wechikoro. hama iyi dzechitendero-yetsika akaparidza kuomerera chaiyo mararamiro, vakadzidza svomhu, geometry uye nezvenyeredzi, akanga achiparidza kudzidza uzivi uye usingaonekwi divi nhamba.

vadzidzi vose kuvhura yemasvomhu anonzi kwaari. Zvisinei, nhoroondo kwakabva Pythagorean theorem no anosungwa biographers kare chete muzivi. Zvinofungirwa kuti akanga apa vaGiriki ruzivo runowanikwa muBhabhironi uye neIjipiti. Panewo shanduro kuti zvechokwadi akawana theorem no pamusoro ratios ari makumbo uye hypotenuse asingazivi pamusoro nebudiriro mamwe marudzi.

Pythagorean Theorem: nhoroondo yakawanikwa

Mune dzimwe zvinyorwa yechiGiriki kutsanangura mufaro Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras, kana akakwanisa kuratidza theorem no. Vachikudza chiitiko ichi, akarayira chibayiro kuna vanamwari muchimiro mazana nzombe, ndokuita mabiko. Dzimwe nyanzvi, zvisinei, nguva kuti hazviiti zvakadaro chiito nokuda yezvakaita Pythagoreans maonero.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muna bhuku "Zvinoumba", vakasikwa Euclid, munyori anopa uchapupu theorem no, munyori raiva guru yemasvomhu. Zvisinei, maonero ichi haritsigiri zvose. Saka, kunyange yekare muzivi Neoplatonist Proclus akataura kuti munyori apa mu "Principia" pachayo uchapupu Euclid.

Chero zvakanga, asi wokutanga kuronga theorem no kuti achiri haana Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras.

Ancient Egypt uye Bhabhironi

Pythagorean theorem no, iyo anobata nyaya okusika munyaya, maererano yemasvomhu German Cantor, aizivikanwa kare 2300 BC. e. muIjipiti. Vagari vekare rokutonga kumupata Nile Farao Amenemhat ndaiziva kuenzana 3 ² + 4 = 5 ^{² ².} Zvinofungirwa kuti achibatsirwa netriangle mativi 3, 4 ne5 muEgipita "tambo natyagivateli" mudungwe pamakona.

Dzinozivikanwa theorem no kuti Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras muBhabhironi. On ivhu Mahwendefa kudanana kubva 2000 BC uye anonzi yokutonga kwaMambo Hammurabi, vakaona munhu anofungidzirwa kukarukureta pamusoro hypotenuse ane Triangle zvakanaka.

India uye China

Nhoroondo Pythagorean theorem no chokuita yekare dzomunyika India uye China. Bhuku "Xuân Zhou bi-jin" rine mirayiridzo Egyptian netriangle (mativi acho anoenderana sezvo 3: 4: 5) rave richizivikanwa mu China kare muna XII. BC. e. uye kuti VI. BC. e. samhu mamiriro ichi munoziva mukuru chimiro theorem no.

Kuvaka kodzero angled, triangle uchishandisa muIjipita akanga anorondedzerwa Indian bhuku "Sulva Sutra" kudanana kubva VII-V CC. BC. e.

Saka, nhoroondo Pythagorean theorem no panguva yokuberekwa yemasvomhu uye muzivi odzokera emakore.

umboo

Panguva kuvapo kwayo theorem no aiva mumwe runotikurudzira geometry. History of uchapupu theorem no pakati Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras, pamwe rwakatanga kufunga ane equilateral Triangle zvakanaka. On kwayo hypotenuse uye mativi zvakavakwa dzinoungana. Munhu kuti "akakura" pamusoro hypotenuse, panofanira kuti zvokuridza zvina akaenzana wokutanga. The dzinoungana pamusoro cathetus saka panofanira zvokuridza mbiri yakadaro. kumiririrwa kwakajeka Simple chinoratidza zvakajeka kururama kwemashoko kutaura akagadzira muchimiro yakakurumbira theorem no.

Humwe uchapupu nyore rinobatanidza geometry nemasvomhu. Four fanana kodzero-angled zvokuridza mativi A, B, C vanokwezvwa kuti kuumba dzinoungana maviri: chokunze divi ne (a munenge +) uye nechomukati divi pamwe. Saka imwe nzvimbo diki mativi akaenzana ^2. Nzvimbo huru dzaona kubva vakaverenga nzvimbo duku mativi uye nezvimwe zvokuridza zvose (rectangular nzvimbo Triangle, isu kuyeuka, rinowanikwa ne nzira (A * B) / 2), kureva ² + 4 * ((A * B) / 2), izvo zvakaenzana ² + 2av. Nzvimbo huru pachivara inogona dzaona nenzira yakasiyana - sezvo zvibereko mativi maviri, kureva, (a + b) ^2, izvo zvakaenzana ² + ² + 2av. Zvakaratidza:

uye 2av + ² + ² + ² = 2av,

uye ² + ² = p ^2.

Kune dzakasiyana dzakawanda uchapupu theorem no ichi. Pamusoro pavo aishanda Euclid, uye masayendisiti Indian, uye Leonardo da Vinci. Kazhinji vakachenjera vekare akatungamirira vanodhirowa, mienzaniso izvo dziri pamusoro uye regai kupa chero kutsanangura, kunze manotsi, "Tarirai!" Kujeka geometric uchapupu inopiwa kune vamwe ruzivo mashoko uye havana inoda.

Nhoroondo Pythagorean theorem no, akapfupikisa munyaya Chinodzinga ngano pamusoro yakatangira. Zvisinei, zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti zita yemasvomhu guru wechiGiriki uye muzivi peri kumborega kuva nechokuita nazvo.