Cherry puramu mhando nokuti Central Russia

Sezvo hama puramu, Cherry puramu kubva yokupedzisira ine yepamusoro kuramba kwemvura. Zvisinei, pane ndima iyoyo iye haana hardiness yakakwana kukura sembizi chimiro ari chena chando chakanyanyisa.

nhoroondo nemagariro

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti inguva yokutanga kurima muchero ichi chakatanga muna Armenia. Ipapo Plums vakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kupararira kunzvimbo ine zvokurima tsika yekare - muna Iran uye Asia Minor, vakawanda Caucasian kumatunhu. Panguva Kucherwa kunze muGungwa Black - Muganhu Crimea uye Caucasus - Vanochera matongo vakawana mabwe muchero, kwakabva iyo inesungano remakore rechishanu BC. Raiva puramu.

Vhuṱanzi

Ichi kwenguva refu uye multi-kwaikonzerwa muti pamwe simba mapazi minzwa dzimwe nguva inosvika munhu yakakwirira mamita gumi. Vamwe akasiyana Cherry puramu - iri shrub pamwe mutete brownish-nyoro awo. Maruva chirimwa ichi - chena kana Pink - ndivo chete. Cherry puramu kuzvidzora mukume mhando pakutanga ichishanduka nokukurumidza, uye ipapo, pashure pemakore gumi, mwero kukura yekudyidzana ipfupi. Miti uye makwenzi vari kutanga kuumba misoro uye matavi overgrowing. Izvi nokuda kuda kuputika wotungira.

Panguva fruiting zvinomera dzemhuri iyi, kusanganisira Cherry puramu mhando nokuda pakati bhendi, anouya chete pagore rechipiri kana rechina pashure kudyara. Flowering pamusoro kunotangira ake, zvichienderana nharaunda iri mid-May, uye gare gare. Somuenzaniso, puramu nokuti pakati mapazi wenyika yedu unobereka namabukira panguva imwe chete mashizha.

Ichiibvira anotora nzvimbo kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu ari June, izvozvo rinovapo kusvikira pakutanga October - zvichienderana chimiro uye zvakasiyana-siyana. Michero riri drupe. The midzi yokumunda tsika harina kudzika, saka muti inogona kudyarwa uye munzvimbo pane pedyo napedyo pamusoro - mumwe nehafu mamita - pasi. Kunyange zvazvo kumaodzanyemba akasiyana Cherry puramu mangwanani kwemvura nemishonga zvakakwana, havasi yechando-akaomarara.

sarudzo

Plums Zvinofadza chaizvo uye nyore mune muitiro kuyambuka akasiyana akasiyana plums. Nokuda kwaizvozvo mupepa vanachiremba akakwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda. Somuenzaniso, cherry puramu mhando vakasikwa kuti chinokosha Russia, uye kunyange North, dzine adaptive ehupfumi kune utsinye mamiriro ezvinhu aripo. Uyezve, Breeders akakwanisa chokubatanidza akaparadzana subspecies dzakawanda unhu hunokosha akasiyana mhuka. Izvi maitiro akadai mukuru hardiness uye makuru-fruited, michero unhu zvakawedzerwa, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Winter-akaomarara mhando

Breeders dzichiri kushanda pakusikwa mhando itsva marudzi iyi zvirimwa muchero. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti mumakore achangopfuura vakava mhando zvakakwana "vishnenosnoy puramu", pane kunyange akasiyana Cherry puramu chando-akaomarara nokuti pakati boka - kumatunhu avo Russian apo kwazvo frosts kunowanzoitika. Zvimwewo zvakanakira netsika iyi nyanzvi kudana sezvo dzayo pasi yaanoti kuorera muvhu nziyo, mangwanani chitarisiko muchero uye Chokwadi, mukuru goho. maitiro zvose izvi zvakatungamirira kuti vakawanda chirimwa ichi, asi nekuti nhasi anenge zvimwe zvakafanana mubindu puramu ose.

Akakurira Russia nechepakati mhando itsva chando-akaomarara wakaitirwa kuti kune mhando vakadaro, vane mukana mukuru pamusoro dzimwe mhando ibwe muchero inobvira kuvonga. Muchiitiko chino, pakutanga, vashoma vakatenda zvinobvira kwadzakabva zvirimwa izvi utsinye ezvinhu mwero Continental okunze.

"Russian puramu"

Panoperera iri Crimean agronomist rokupedzisira remakore G. Eremin akanga vayambuka hunotovapo vakaberekwa puramu uye chando mhando dzakasiyana miti. Somugumisiro, havana akasika mhando dzakawanda ehupfumi zvinoshamisa. Vose vakanga vakabatana imwe mhuri inonzi "Russian zvikasabudiswa."

The yakanakisisa akasiyana Cherry puramu kuti nechepakati Russia uye nzvimbo yaiva kuchamhembe, zvakanaka akashivirira maviri pazasi. Vane chete kunyatsoshanda sezvo mbuya vavo. Kunaka uye kukura zvibereko cultivars izvi vayambuka kupfuura yakafanana kumaodzanyemba puramu. Hybrids, nhengo dzeboka iri, nhasi pane gumi nevaviri marudzi pfuurei matatu.

Zvinoitwa mhando itsva

Vayambuka nokuti Kuwedzera ezvinhu chakakomba Russian frosts subspecies "plums Russian" ndiwo mangwanani nechitarisiko muchero. fruiting yavo rinotanga gore rechipiri kana yechitatu, uye ipapo ose gore. Negoho, izvo dzinoratidzwa vakaberekwa tsika yakadaro yakakwirira zvakakwana. Plum, kudyara uye hanya pakati mukoto asingasvavi kunyanya vakasiyana nevaya wokumaodzanyemba tateguru yayo, somuenzaniso, napanzvimbo, pamwe muti mumwe nomumwe anogona kubereka kubva maviri kusvika makumi mashanu makirogiramu yemachikichori manune zvibereko.

Lifespan spachiana akayambuka mhando - anenge maviri emakore. Uyezve, imwe itsva "puramu Russian" riri husingakwanisi tupukanana uye zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana kuti kazhinji kukanganisa mhando dzakawanda muchero.

The vanachiremba cherechedza mumwe maitiro chinoratidza tuzvikonzero kurima cherry puramu pakati mapazi venyika yedu vakadzikama Continental ezvinhu, apo mumwedzi yechando frosts zvakaoma uye thaws kazhinji kutevera mumwe, chirimwa ichi hakuitiki podoprevaniya mudzi chipika. Izvi, maererano ruzivo Chikwata, kunobatsira anokosha chaizvo nokuda batanidza, uye pachake midzi tsika zvibereko. Izvi zvakanga rokupedzisira nharo nokuti chokwadi kuti kwakanga puramu imwe yemichero munyika European dzakawanda Central weRussia.

Planting uye Care

Pakati bhanhire nyika nemagariro ichi rudo chiedza-hazvigoni kuiswa dzinerima. Rora vakaberekwa akasiyana Cherry puramu kunyanya nokuda kusonanidzwa - yotunga uye, mune zvimwe zviitiko, mapfupa kana mutema, zvishoma Woody kuchekwa. Chikwata vakawanda vanosarudza kuparadzana uye nokuisazve uye mudzi kukura.

Kana kuwedzera mizambiringa yakabva kumwe ose puramu Rinobva mutema Woody kuchekwa, rooting zvinofanira kuitwa pasi ezvinhu apo pazvinobvira kusika chakagadzirwa bvungapfunga, sezvamakaropafadzwa pre-vachivabata pamwe stimulators kuti kukura.

The yakanakisisa nguva nokudyara Cherry puramu mumapindu yapakati bhendi Russia ndiyo mangwanani chitubu panongovira chando ikanyauka. Kunonoka kubva rurege zvaiiswa muvhu chakasimwa zvinhu havafaniri kuva, nokuti nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti chirimwa, izvo kare oonera uye ane kuzvimba namabukira, izvozvo chinopukunyuka kuipa. In autumn, izvi ndiko chisingadiwi nokuda zvinhu chokuita tsika chando.

Kure pakati kumhara Makomba vanofanira kubva matatu kusvika matanhatu mamita. Zvinoenderana worudzii Cherry puramu mhando hunokudziridzwa uye sei zvinoumba ivo korona. Mhando dzakawanda "Russian puramu" samobesplodny, saka vanofanira mukume nharaunda. Izvi zvinogona kuva mhando yakadai se "bhora mutsvuku", "mangwanani chitarisiko" uye t. D.

Chirimwa uye Pest

Izvi zvaimutambisira kumaodzanyemba kunzvimbo inokura kusvika mamita gumi, ukuwo puramu nechepakati Russia, kunyange kukura nokukurumidza, asi kwayo kunonyanyisa yakakwirira - 5-6 M Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinofanira kutakurirwa kunze dzichimhanya kugera, izvo kuchabudirira chete kune decimation .. Kana kubviswa mapazi simba anogona kuwedzera vegetative ikure korona, asi zvichaitika tichiregeredza zvibereko.

Plums, kunyange zvishoma kukanganiswa zvirwere uye tupembenene Zvisinei, unogona kurova vatema kana mhangura borers, puramu kana prozhorka sawfly uye Apuro Jose akamboona. Saka, nguva nenguva mubindu unofanira kuita matanho. Pakusarudza ivhu Cherry puramu mhando kuti nechepakati Russia zvakare kwete picky. Vanogona kunyange kukura uye michero, apo vamwe ibwe muchero chichava zvakanaka uye kuramba kupa chirimwa. Chinhu chikuru - kusarudza zvakanaka zvemarudzi, uye ipapo bindu kuchaita anotumbuka uye rinofadza nokuda kwayo richinaka plums Southern Belle Plums.

Mamakisi nokuti pakati boka

Feedback kubva avo kare akakwanisa kupfeka ake nzvimbo kuti "zvaimutambisira Russian", kunyanya vaigara Moscow, anoratidza kuti tsika iyi tsime zvakakwana kushivirira kwazvo frosts. Chokwadi chokuti plums kare vakarega kuva kumaodzanyemba tsika, zvakafadza zhinji.

Chikwata ruzivo vanosarudza kukura VaNefirimu kuti hwokurara experimental pazviteshi zviri Crimean Institute of Plant Industry. Vari kusiyaniswa kwete chete mukuru zvibereko, uye ikawanda chando hardiness, asi kune tupukanana uye nemishonga pazvirwere. mhando vazhinji dzinoratidzwa rwakatambanudzwa nguva kuibvisa. The tanga achikura pamwe mukupera Cherry. VaNefirimu zhinji slaboroslye, saka Chikwata vanopemberera kwete chete kudekara dzinovabatsira asiwo kudekara kukohwa.

"Timiryazevskaya"

Akasiyana-siyana kupfuura chando-akaomarara ndezvimwe zhinji. "Mufambi" - pamwe mangwanani ichiibvira nguva uye avhareji muchero yairema kusvika matatu magiramu. Muti ine svikiro kukura neavhareji korona arambe achirema. Winter hardiness dzehorokodzwa pamwe chikuru avhareji kwemvura shiviriro. "Mufambi" ne muti mumwe nomumwe anogona kubereka, pasi akanaka ezvinhu anosvika makumi mashanu makirogiramu pamusoro Cherry puramu inonaka-yakashapa kuravira.

Grade "Ruby" nyanzvi vanoti kune mhando pamwe avhareji ichiibvira nguva. Ane chibereko yerima tsvuku, manune pulp. Winter hardiness kuti Cherry puramu chaizvo.

"Kometi Kuban" rinoreva chikamu Middle-samoplodnye pfungwa mupi muchero guru vane manune pulp faibha. Kuravidza yellow puramu inonaka uye yakashapa. Bone haina kuparadzaniswa. Zvibereko kworudzi urwu anowanzoshandisirwa canning. Muti ane sandara-kumativi korona, izvozvo slaboroslyh uye fruiting rinotanga rechitatu kana kuti rechina gore.

Plums "Timiryazeskaya" vakawana somugumisiro rakavhurika pollination "Kuban kometi" muMoscow Agricultural Academy muna 1991. It ane mangwanani zvikuru munguva ichiibvira uye yakakwirira chando hardiness. Great nokuti Russian pakati bhendi. "Timiryazevskaya" tichishandisa husingakwanisi zvirwere, uye avhareji zvibereko mangwanani chitarisiko, samobesplodna. Vanowana zvibereko siyana iyi inonaka uye yakashapa, yakabatana. Small pfupa hunogona kungoparara kuparadzaniswa.

Vazhinji dzimwe mhando, akadai "muSitia Gold", "Cleopatra", "Nesmeyana", "Mara", "chipo Saint-Petersburg" uye zvichingodaro. E., Ko dzinoreva avhareji pakakwirira uye mhami-magumo kana korona dropdown. matavi awo kupararira. Vazhinji vavo Somuenzaniso, imwe puramu "muSitia Gold", "Jari", "Pramen" uye zvichingodaro. E., Ko mangwanani achikura. Fruits vazhinji vavo kusvika anosvika matatu magiramu, chinonhuwira uye manune. Pasinei pfupi yakaderera Goho - pamwe muti mumwe nomumwe mana makirogiramu - mamakisi izvi vakagamuchira yakawanda kukurumbira nokuda maitiro akadai mukuru chando nemishonga. Uyezve, vanenge vose akasiyana "Russian puramu" regai kurwara zviri fungal zvirwere.

Useful ehupfumi

Cherry puramu mhando vakaberekwa akasiyana-siyana akasiyana kwete chete ruvara asiwo pakukura uye kuravira. Vanogona kunge rinopenya kana blue rakachenuruka, uye Orange uye kwasviba nezvishava, kunyange variegated. Kubva ruvara muchero pakuti zvayo makemikari anoumba: yero zvikuru cucumber asidhi uye shuga, uye murima rakawanda pectin. The manakiro kunoratidzirwa chive chinonhuhwira, cake uchi-flavoured uye zvakasimba acidic.

Nyama Cherry puramu muchero gobvu uye chaizvo tsitsi. Bone, sezvinoita mutemo, mhando dzakawanda akaparadzaniswa zvikuru nyore.

The cherry puramu kana "puramu Russian" rine kusvika gumi muzana shuga, kusvikira nomwe - Organic acids, anenge 1.5% - pectin uye tannins, senitrogen uye zvicherwa, yakawanda carotene uye mavhitaminzi C, B, A, B2, E , PP. In musimboti mbeu inenge hafu nenhengo - ndiye mafuta, unhu riri pedyo chaizvo womuarumondi.

Kubva pulp ari Cherry puramu muchero nhasi vakawanda kubika jamhu uye jamhu, marmalade uye kubika marshmallows, kurishandisa somunhu omesa kuti ndiro. Fruit kunwa, muto, cordials, waini, mondo - ". Plums Russian" ichi zvose zvinogona kuitwa kubva Uyezve, rinowanzoshandiswa kuchirapa kana prophylactic zvinangwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvibereko Cherry puramu rubatsiro huru hypovitaminosis, uye kuti aivabatsira kudenha rheumatic nefivhiri. Vari ushandiswe sezvo prophylaxis varwere vane zvinokosha neBP, tiibhii kana mabayo. Chikonzero chikumbiro ichi ndechokuti kwayo makemikari anoumba alycha kunonatsiridza permeability mumidziyo ropa.

Mukuwedzera, musiyano mukuru kubva puramu Cherry puramu ndechokuti vakagona zvakanaka kumira pamuti, rinenge anowira kana waibva. Uye nokuti muti pacharo yakaderera, ipapo uchatumbura navo hakusi nyore. Kana kukohwa kunyange vasati ichiibvira uye kokupedzisira pakuunganidza yaingowanikwa siyana ruvara, ine zvakanaka ripen mune inotonhorera ventilated nzvimbo. Chimwe ndinoiitawo - nyore kutakura uye refu pasherefu upenyu Cherry puramu.