North, kumaodzanyemba, nokumavirira, kumabvazuva; sei kuona mirayiridzo

In cartography, jogirafi kare pane pfungwa iri pfungwa chinongedzo. Ivo vanofanira kuziva nzvimbo dziri munharaunda uye mepu yaishandiswa pakuvaka, zvokufambisa, kubatsira mamwe mabasa. Sei kuziva apo kuchamhembe, kumaodzanyemba, nokumavirira, kumabvazuva? Ngationei kuti divi mujengachenga, sei kufamba kuburikidza navo.

Huru mirayiridzo

Kare murume akadzidza chidzore maonero ayo pasi, ichiti kuti ose Zuva parinobuda kubva jengachenga kumabvazuva uye anogadza manheru kumadokero. Kugona Nyanya akabatsira madzibaba edu kuti awane dzavo munzira, kunovhima, kuva zvirimwa. The musimboti kugovera nzvimbo muzvikamu aiva Danho rinokosha riri kudzidza munhu wenyika. Key dzenyika kare vacho ayo zita ano (north, kumaodzanyemba, nokumavirira, kumabvazuva). Over nguva, mano tichengete zuva uye mapuraneti, kuyera mano akava yakagozha. Masayendisiti akawana kuti North uye South tsaukana nematanda - mbiri pakatarisana pfungwa panguva iyo pemvura redu michinjikwa yokufungidzira mutsetse - akabatana paNyika.

Sarudza apo kumusoro, kumaodzanyemba, nokumavirira, kumabvazuva?

Directions nokuti kumabvazuva nokumavirira chokuita nomumwe panyika kufamba - majana kumativi ayo akabatana. The mangwanani zuva rinowanika pamusoro pajengachenga mutsetse kumabvazuva, masikati asvika pamusoro-soro ari manheru anoenda mhiri kudenga uye kumadokero. Pane kusiyana nzvimbo zuva panguva dzakasiyana latitudes chokuita kurereka akabatana Wepasi. Masikati pazuva neequator nyeredzi iri zvakananga pamusoro musoro wako. Winter muna Northern Hemisphere - iri zvava rwezasi, muzhizha - kuchamhembe. Summer sunrise anogona kuonekwa kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero, chando - kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva. The polar uye subpolar latitudes kunotora mwedzi mitanhatu polar usiku, zuva rukasafashukira pamusoro jengachenga. Uye kana zuva mwedzi yegore matanhatu haridzimi - kunouya pamusoro polar zuva. Kuchamhembe nharaunda ndiye rinobva danda, vakatarira iyo tsono chinongedzo iri zvayaitenderera paguyo. In nevakomana venyika ndiwo Kumaodzanyemba kondinendi - Antarctica. Sarudza zvokuita kana mumwe wavo anozivikanwa, zvinokwanisika nokuda zvidiki. Ndinofanira kuwana zvokuti chiso akashandura kurutivi rwokumusoro. Zvadaro shure kwake achava kumaodzanyemba, kuruboshwe - kumavirira, kurudyi - kumabvazuva.

The mwero mikuru uye zviduku kumapati jengachenga

Kune dzinokosha mirayiridzo - kuchamhembe, kumaodzanyemba, nokumavirira, kumabvazuva, - ayo nechimwe vanozoshanda. Kupesana akadaro nyore chaizvo, zvinoita kuti zvakarurama kuona nzvimbo pasi, kuti kuwana zvinhu pamepu uye topographic zvirongwa. Somuenzaniso, kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva - divi mujengachenga, riri pakati nechokuchamhembe uye kumabvazuva. Pamepu, urongwa, dials, mabhuku, bhuku notation kutaurwa netsamba rokutanga Russian kana zita Latin. Pane uwane weboka jengachenga vemapato. Saka, pakati mirayiridzo ane uye C zviri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva (NE) uye kumabvazuva-west (naEne).

Chinongedzo pamusoro urongwa, mepu uye mbiya

Munguva yekare vezvikepe uye vaishanya akavimba makadhi iyo inogona nechepasi wokuchamhembe uye rwezasi, - kumusoro. Zivo panyika vakanga vasina kukwana, geographers zhinji vakanga zvakaipa, zvichiita zvinhu kune zvirongwa uye mepu. Paiva vanonzi "mavara chena" - imwe unexplored nzvimbo. Kazhinji, ano nenzvimbo zvirongwa uye mepu iri pamusoro rwokumusoro, rwezasi riri pazasi kuruboshwe - kumavirazuva, kurudyi - kumabvazuva.

The ichocho chinoshandiswa kusika yose. Its yokumusoro hafu - kuchamhembe hemisphere, Musana - South. Kuruboshwe kunonyanya Meridian yaiva West, zvakarurama - Eastern Hemisphere. Nzvimbo kubatana zviri bhora kusvikira vamire - South Pole, pakatarisana pfungwa - North Pole. Nyore kuwana chero nenzvimbo chinhu kana uchiziva nzvimbo yawo. North, kumaodzanyemba, nokumavirira, kumabvazuva - huru directions, uyewo kuti rusununguko uye Longitude pamepu uye pose. Makondinendi, nyanza, mapani, makomo, gungwa, maguta nedzimwe nzvimbo zvinhu zviri kumusoro neequator vari kuchamhembe, pazasi zvakafanana kubva 0 ° - kumaodzanyemba. Zvinhu vasara mukuru Meridian vane Longitude kumavirazuva, kurudyi - kumabvazuva.

Compass - zano, iyo dzichiita

Kuwana kurutivi jengachenga uye pfungwa iri munzvimbo kunobatsira mudziyo vakapakata maviri ruvara rinobva tsono. Kazhinji zviri pachena kuti tenderera pakati dzeraundi makavharidzira redzimba. The mudziyo, iyo inoshandiswa kuona directions, - nekambasi. North, kumaodzanyemba, nokumavirira, kumabvazuva, kwakaratidzwa mabhii rapanzvimbo mudziyo. Red kumucheto yakatarisana weboka "C" kana «N», achinongedza rwokumusoro. Zvinopikisana museve inoendeswa kumaodzanyemba. To rworuboshwe akabatana uyu kumavirira, kurudyi - kumabvazuva. Inside pane kambasi wakaita raundi uine sezviverengo kubva 0 kusvika 360 °, akaronga Kutenderera. Price nokupesana akasiyana mano zvingasiyana. Achishandisa kambasi munogona:

1. Kuziva apo mumwe nomumwe mikuru dzenyika (north, kumaodzanyemba, kumabvazuva, nokumavirira).
2. Sarudza zvose zvenguva divi jengachenga.
3. Find Azimuth - pakona pakati chinhu pasi uye mirayiridzo kuchamhembe.

Chinongedzo anofanira vamiririri ounyanzvi hwokugadzira zhinji - mugungwa, airmen, mauto, vavaki, Vanodzidza, uyewo nzvimbo uye nevafambi. Pane mhando dzakasiyana mano, achibatsira kufamba pamwe mitsetse Wepasi remagineti.

Mirayiridzo yacho (north, kumaodzanyemba, nokumavirira, kumabvazuva)

Wanikidza nzvimbo yako kunogona kuva pamusoro kwemiviri yokudenga, zvakasikwa uye zviratidzo pedyo zvinhu. Masikati, kana zuva iri kumaodzanyemba, mumvuri vertically akaronga zvinhu akatuma chakaderedzwa mutengo wayo kuchamhembe. Usiku, unofanira kuedza kuwana North Star. Two zvakanyanyisa yakajeka pfungwa dzeAkituro Great, zvinoumba madziro Big Dipper, inonzi Pointer. A achirurama mutsetse maitiro navo, anozorora zvakananga panguva Polaris. It riri kuchamhembe hafu dzokudenga ndohwaJehovha renyeredzi Ursa Minor.

A mubatsiri zvakanaka vaya vakatsauka - anomuchengeta. Kuti tiwane nhungamiro, shandurai kuti raundi Kutenderera nuoli kuzuva. Angle akaumba pakati raizouya nhamba 1 (13.00) izvo bisect kupa bisector (rinotaura rwezasi). Dzidziso vomunharaunda zviratidzo:

• kurutivi rwokumusoro miti mukobvu paiva lichens uye mosses ose;
• drier kuvat ivhu pasi mabwe, rakatarira kurutivi rwezasi;
• chando chando kurutivi rwokumusoro yakareba inoramba anongoremberera;
• anthills kazhinji dziri kumaodzanyemba zvikomo, nemiti, mabwe;
• glade, izvo zviparadzanise musango mugomba zvinogumbura, nezvatinovavarira kubva kumabvazuva kusvika kumavirira uye kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba (ona Serial nhamba dzavo nematanda, kutanga NW uye SE).

Mumwe nzira ane kukanganisa kuti inofanira munyaya yacho. Zviri nani kushandisa nzira dzinoverengeka, ipapo tichava rakanyatsorurama.